拜登确诊前列腺癌

近日，拜登被确诊患有恶性前列腺癌，癌细胞已扩散至骨骼。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What can be inferred about the evolution of prostate cancer treatment since the 1980s?

A. Most patients still require surgical removal of testicles.

B. Hormone therapy was more effective in the past than now.

C. Technological advances have allowed less invasive treatments.

D. Treatment options have become more limited over time.

无注释原文：

Biden Is Diagnosed With an Aggressive Form of Prostate Cancer

From: The New York Times

Former President Joseph R. Biden Jr. was diagnosed on Friday with an aggressive form of prostate cancer that has spread to his bones, his office said in a statement on Sunday.

The diagnosis came after Mr. Biden reported urinary symptoms, which led doctors to find a “small nodule” on his prostate. Mr. Biden's cancer is “characterized by a Gleason score of 9” with “metastasis to the bone,” the statement said.

The Gleason score is used to describe how prostate cancers look under a microscope; 9 and 10 are the most aggressive. The cancer is Stage 4, which means it has spread.

“While this represents a more aggressive form of the disease, the cancer appears to be hormone-sensitive which allows for effective management,” according to the statement from Mr. Biden's office, which was unsigned. “The president and his family are reviewing treatment options with his physicians.”

Mr. Biden, 82, left office in January as the oldest-serving president in American history. Throughout his presidency, Mr. Biden faced questions about his age and his health, ultimately leading him to abandon his re-election campaign under pressure from his own party.

Prostate cancer experts say that Mr. Biden's diagnosis is serious, and that once the cancer has spread to the bones — where it tends to go — it cannot be cured. But Dr. Judd Moul, a prostate cancer expert at Duke University, said men whose prostate cancer has spread “can live five, seven, 10 or more years.”

The first line of attack is to cut off the testosterone that feeds prostate cancer. Dr. Moul said that when he started out as a urologist in the 1980s, this was done by removing a man's testicles. Today, men have a choice of two drugs given by injection that block the testicles from making testosterone or a pill that does the same thing. In addition, men take drugs that block any testosterone that manages to be made despite the drugs that inhibit its production.

Dr. Moul said he sees men Mr. Biden's age with similar prostate cancer diagnoses on a regular basis. “Survival rates have almost tripled in the last decade,” he said.

President Trump, who has repeatedly bashed Mr. Biden and blames him for most of the country's problems, was among those who issued supportive statements on Sunday evening.

“Melania and I are saddened to hear about Joe Biden's recent medical diagnosis,” Mr. Trump wrote on social media. “We extend our warmest and best wishes to Jill and the family, and we wish Joe a fast and successful recovery.

Former Vice President Kamala Harris, who served with Mr. Biden, said she and her husband were “saddened” to learn of the former president's diagnosis.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Biden Is Diagnosed With an Aggressive Form of Prostate Cancer

From: The New York Times

Former President Joseph R. Biden Jr. was diagnosed on Friday with an aggressive form of prostate cancer that has spread to his bones, his office said in a statement on Sunday.

前总统拜登的办公室周日在一份声明中称，拜登于周五被诊断出患有一种侵袭性前列腺癌，且已扩散至骨骼。

aggressive /əˈɡres.ɪv/ 1）表示“好斗的；挑衅的；侵略的”，英文解释为“angry, and behaving in a threatening way; ready to attack”

2）表示“气势汹汹的；声势浩大的；志在必得的；积极进取的；有冲劲的；雄心勃勃的”，英文解释为“acting with force and determination in order to succeed”如：an aggressive advertising campaign 一场声势浩大的广告宣传活动。

prostate /ˈprɒs.teɪt/ 表示“前列腺”，英文解释为“an organ near the penis in male mammals that produces a liquid that mixes with and carries sperm”举个🌰：He has prostate trouble. 他有前列腺病。

The diagnosis came after Mr. Biden reported urinary symptoms, which led doctors to find a “small nodule” on his prostate. Mr. Biden's cancer is “characterized by a Gleason score of 9” with “metastasis to the bone,” the statement said.

声明称，在拜登报告出现泌尿症状后，医生在其前列腺发现一个“小结节”。拜登的癌症“格里森评分为9分”且“已转移至骨骼”。

urinary /ˈjʊə.rɪ.nər.i/ 表示“尿的；泌尿的；泌尿器官的”，英文解释为“relating to urine or to the parts of the body that produce and carry urine”如：urinary tract infections 尿路感染。

nodule /ˈnɒdʒ.uːl/ 表示“小结节；小瘤”，英文解释为“a small raised area or swelling”举个🌰：There was a soft nodule on my vocal cord. 我的声带上长了个小结节。

metastasis /meˈtæs.tə.sɪs/ 表示“（癌细胞）转移”，英文解释为“the spread of a disease, especially cancer, from the place where it started in the body to other areas”举个🌰：Patients with kidney metastasis typically have cancerous cell growth in both kidneys. 如果患者的癌细胞转移到了肾脏，那么通常两只肾内都有癌细胞。

The Gleason score is used to describe how prostate cancers look under a microscope; 9 and 10 are the most aggressive. The cancer is Stage 4, which means it has spread.

格里森评分用于描述前列腺癌在显微镜下的特征，9分和10分代表恶性程度最高。拜登的癌症为四期，意味着已扩散。

microscope /ˈmaɪ.krə.skəʊp/ 表示“显微镜”，英文解释为“a device that uses lenses to make very small objects look larger, so that they can be scientifically examined and studied”举个🌰：They looked at the blood samples under the microscope. 他们在显微镜下观察血样。

“While this represents a more aggressive form of the disease, the cancer appears to be hormone-sensitive which allows for effective management,” according to the statement from Mr. Biden's office, which was unsigned. “The president and his family are reviewing treatment options with his physicians.”

拜登办公室未署名的声明提到：“尽管这是一种侵袭性较强的癌症，但它对激素敏感，可以有效控制。总统和家人正在与医生讨论治疗方案。”

hormone /ˈhɔːməʊn/ 表示“激素；荷尔蒙”，英文解释为“a chemical substance produced in the body or in a plant that encourages growth or influences how the cells and tissues function; an artificial substance that has similar effects”，如：growth hormones 生长激素。

Mr. Biden, 82, left office in January as the oldest-serving president in American history. Throughout his presidency, Mr. Biden faced questions about his age and his health, ultimately leading him to abandon his re-election campaign under pressure from his own party.

82岁的拜登于今年1月卸任，是美国历史上任职时年龄最大的总统。整个总统任期内，他一直面临关于年龄和健康的质疑，最终在他自己政党的压力下放弃连任竞选。

Prostate cancer experts say that Mr. Biden's diagnosis is serious, and that once the cancer has spread to the bones — where it tends to go — it cannot be cured. But Dr. Judd Moul, a prostate cancer expert at Duke University, said men whose prostate cancer has spread “can live five, seven, 10 or more years.”

前列腺癌专家指出，拜登的病情严重，且癌症一旦扩散至骨骼——这是常见转移部位——便无法治愈。但杜克大学前列腺癌专家贾德·莫尔博士表示，前列腺癌扩散的患者“可能存活5年、7年、10年甚至更久”。

The first line of attack is to cut off the testosterone that feeds prostate cancer. Dr. Moul said that when he started out as a urologist in the 1980s, this was done by removing a man's testicles. Today, men have a choice of two drugs given by injection that block the testicles from making testosterone or a pill that does the same thing. In addition, men take drugs that block any testosterone that manages to be made despite the drugs that inhibit its production.

一线治疗方案是切断滋养前列腺癌的睾酮。莫尔称，20世纪80年代他刚成为泌尿科医生时，还需通过手术切除睾丸实现这一点；如今患者可选择注射两种药物或服用一种药片来抑制睾丸分泌睾酮，同时还需服用药物阻断其他途径产生的睾酮。

testosterone /teˈstɑːstəroʊn/ 表示“睾丸素；睾酮”，英文解释为“a male hormone that causes a stage of growth in older boys and development of their sexual organs”

urologist /jʊəˈrɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ 表示“泌尿科医生”，英文解释为“a doctor who specializes in treating diseases of the parts of the body that produce and carry urine”

testicle /ˈtes.tɪ.kəl/ 表示“睾丸”，英文解释为“either of the two round male sex organs that produce sperm and are contained in the scrotum (= bag of skin) below and behind the penis”

1）表示“阻止；阻碍；抑制”，英文解释为“to prevent sth from happening or make it happen more slowly or less frequently than normal”举个🌰： A lack of oxygen may inhibit brain development in the unborn child. 缺氧可能阻碍胎儿的大脑发育。

2）表示“使…拘谨；使…有顾忌”，英文解释为“to prevent someone from doing something by making them feel nervous or embarrassed ”举个🌰： Some workers were inhibited (from speaking) by the presence of their managers. 一些工人在他们的经理面前不敢讲话。

Dr. Moul said he sees men Mr. Biden's age with similar prostate cancer diagnoses on a regular basis. “Survival rates have almost tripled in the last decade,” he said.

莫尔表示，他经常接诊与拜登年龄相仿、病情相似的前列腺癌患者。“过去十年，存活率提高了将近两倍，”他说。

triple /ˈtrɪp.əl/ 表示“（使）成三倍，（使）增加两倍”，英文解释为“to increase three times in size or amount, or to make something do this”举个🌰：We have tripled our output over the past two years. 过去两年里，我们的产量增加了两倍。

President Trump, who has repeatedly bashed Mr. Biden and blames him for most of the country's problems, was among those who issued supportive statements on Sunday evening.

曾多次抨击拜登并将美国诸多问题归咎于他的特朗普总统也在周日晚间发表声明以示支持。

bash /bæʃ/ 1）表示“严厉批评，猛烈抨击”，英文解释为“to criticize someone severely”举个🌰：He kept bashing his employees. 他不停地抨击自己的雇员。

2）表示“猛撞；猛击”，英文解释为“to hit hard”举个🌰：He bashed his arm against a shelf. 他的胳膊猛地撞在了架子上。

“Melania and I are saddened to hear about Joe Biden's recent medical diagnosis,” Mr. Trump wrote on social media. “We extend our warmest and best wishes to Jill and the family, and we wish Joe a fast and successful recovery.

“我和梅拉尼娅听闻乔·拜登最近的病情诊断后深感难过，”特朗普在社交媒体上写道，“我们向吉尔和他的家人致以最温暖的祝福，祝愿乔早日成功康复。”

Former Vice President Kamala Harris, who served with Mr. Biden, said she and her husband were “saddened” to learn of the former president's diagnosis.

曾与拜登共事的前副总统卡贺锦丽称，她和丈夫得知前总统的诊断后“非常难过”。

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