丹麦将把退休年龄提高至70岁

近日，丹麦议会通过法案，到2040年将退休年龄上调至70岁。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. How does the tone of the article shift when discussing reactions from workers and unions?

A. From critical to neutral

B. From optimistic to cynical

C. From factual to sympathetic

D. From detached to celebratory

无注释原文：

Denmark to raise retirement age to highest in Europe

From: BBC

Denmark is set to have the highest retirement age in Europe after its parliament adopted a law raising it to 70 by 2040.

Since 2006, Denmark has tied the official retirement age to life expectancy and has revised it every five years. It is currently 67 but will rise to 68 in 2030 and to 69 in 2035.

The retirement age at 70 will apply to all people born after 31 December 1970.

The new law passed on Thursday with 81 votes for and 21 votes against.

However, last year Social Democrat Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen said the sliding scale principle would eventually be renegotiated.

"We no longer believe that the retirement age should be increased automatically," she said, adding that in her party's eyes "you can't just keep saying that people have to work a year longer".

Tommas Jensen, a 47-year-old roofer, told Danish media that the change was "unreasonable".

"We're working and working and working, but we can't keep going," he said.

He added that the situation may be different for those with desk jobs but that blue-collar workers with physically demanding professions would find the changes difficult.

"I've paid my taxes all my life. There should also be time to be with children and grandchildren," Mr Jensen told outlet DK.

Ahead of Thursday's vote, Jesper Ettrup Rasmussen, the chairman of a Danish trade union confederation, said the proposal to increase the retirement age was "completely unfair".

"Denmark has a healthy economy and yet the EU's highest retirement age," he said.

"A higher retirement age means that [people will] lose the right to a dignified senior life."

Retirement ages around Europe vary. Many governments have raised the retirement age in recent years to reflect longer life expectancy and to tackle budget deficits.

In Sweden, the earliest age individuals can start to claim pension benefits is 63.

The standard pension age in Italy is 67, although as in the case of Denmark, this is also subject to adjustments based on life expectancy estimates and may increase in 2026.

In the UK, people born between 6 October, 1954 and 5 April, 1960 start receiving their pension at the age of 66. But for people born after this date, the state pension age will increase gradually.

And in France, a law was passed in 2023 that raised the retirement age from 62 to 64. The highly unpopular change sparked protests and riots and had to be pushed through parliament by President Emmanuel Macron without a vote.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Denmark to raise retirement age to highest in Europe

From: BBC

Denmark is set to have the highest retirement age in Europe after its parliament adopted a law raising it to 70 by 2040.

丹麦即将成为欧洲退休年龄最高的国家，因为该国国会已通过一项法律，将退休年龄在2040年前提高至70岁。

parliament /ˈpɑː.lɪ.mənt/ 表示“议会”，英文解释为“in some countries, the group of (usually) elected politicians or other people who make the laws for their country”

Since 2006, Denmark has tied the official retirement age to life expectancy and has revised it every five years. It is currently 67 but will rise to 68 in 2030 and to 69 in 2035.

自2006年以来，丹麦已将法定退休年龄与预期寿命挂勾，并且每五年进行一次调整。目前的退休年龄为67岁，将于2030年提高至68岁，并于2035年提高至69岁。

life expectancy表示“（尤指人的）预期寿命”，英文解释为“the length of time that a living thing, especially a human being, is likely to live”举个🌰：Life expectancy in Europe increased greatly in the 20th century. 欧洲人的预期寿命在20世纪大幅增长。

revise1）表示“改变；修正，修改”，英文解释为“to change something because of new information or ideas”如：revise the article/revise the plan；

2）也可以指“（考试）温习，复习”，英文解释为“to study facts again, in order to learn them before an examination”举个🌰： Revising for exams gives you a chance to bring together all the individual parts of the course. 考前复习给你一个把课程各独立部分融会贯通的机会。

区分：

📍devise表示“想出，设计，发明（新的方法）”，英文解释为“to plan or invent a new way of doing something”举个🌰：She devised a method for quicker communications between offices. 她想出一种加快办公室之间通信联络的方法。

The retirement age at 70 will apply to all people born after 31 December 1970.

70岁的退休年龄将适用于1970年12月31日之后出生的所有人。

The new law passed on Thursday with 81 votes for and 21 votes against.

这项新法案于周四以81票赞成、21票反对获得通过。

However, last year Social Democrat Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen said the sliding scale principle would eventually be renegotiated.

然而，社会民主党籍首相梅特·弗雷德里克森（Mette Frederiksen）去年表示，这项随寿命调整退休年龄的原则最终将会重新协商。

sliding scale /ˌslaɪ.dɪŋ ˈskeɪl/ 表示“滑动折算制，浮动计算法”，英文解释为“a system in which the rate at which something is paid changes as a result of other conditions”举个🌰：Charges are made on a sliding scale, which means that the amount you must pay increases with the level of your income. 费用按浮动费率缴纳，这意味着你必须缴纳的金额会随着收入水平的提高而增加。

"We no longer believe that the retirement age should be increased automatically," she said, adding that in her party's eyes "you can't just keep saying that people have to work a year longer".

她说：“我们不再认为退休年龄应该自动提高。”她补充说，在她所属政党看来，“不能只是一直说人们必须多工作一年”。

Tommas Jensen, a 47-year-old roofer, told Danish media that the change was "unreasonable".

47岁的屋顶工汤玛斯·延森（Tommas Jensen）向丹麦媒体表示，这项改变并“不合理”。

"We're working and working and working, but we can't keep going," he said.

他说：“我们一直在工作、工作、再工作，但我们不能继续下去了。”

He added that the situation may be different for those with desk jobs but that blue-collar workers with physically demanding professions would find the changes difficult.

他补充说，对于从事办公室工作的人来说，情况可能不同，但对于从事体力劳动的蓝领工人而言，这样的改变将非常困难。

desk job /ˈdesk ˌdʒɒb/ 表示“办公室工作”，英文解释为“a job working in an office”

blue-collar /ˌbluːˈkɒl.ər/ 表示“蓝领阶级的，从事体力劳动的”，英文解释为“Blue-collar workers do work needing strength or physical skill rather than office work.”

demanding /dɪˈmɑːn.dɪŋ/ 1）表示“费时费力的，耗费精力的”，英文解释为“needing a lot of time, attention, or energy”举个🌰：She's a very demanding child. 她是个特别不让人省心的孩子。

2）表示“要求极严的；苛求的；难满足的”，英文解释为“expecting a lot of work or attention from others; not easily satisfied”如：a demanding boss/child 苛刻的老板；难满足的孩子。

"I've paid my taxes all my life. There should also be time to be with children and grandchildren," Mr Jensen told outlet DK.

延森对丹麦传媒《DK》表示：“我一辈子都在缴税，也应该有时间陪伴孩子和孙子。”

outlet /ˈaʊt.let/ 或者outlets一词经常出现，media outlet / news outlets 都可以表示媒体/新闻机构；outlet本身表示“商店，商行；销售公司；专卖店；直销店”，英文解释为“An outlet is a shop or organization which sells the goods made by a particular manufacturer or at a discount price, often direct from the manufacturer.”如：a fast-food outlet 快餐店，a retail outlet 零售店，举个🌰：At the factory outlet you'll find discounted items at up to 75% off regular prices. 在工厂的直销店里，你会找到比常规价低75%的打折商品。

📍而我们日常生活中常见的“奥特莱斯”商场就是outlets的音译，指的就是品牌直销购物中心。 此外，也可以指“（情绪或精力的）发泄方式，发泄途径，施展的机会”，英文解释为“a way in which emotion or energy can be expressed or made use of”举个🌰：Her work provided no outlet for her energies and talents. 她的工作没有给她提供发泄精力及施展才华的机会。

📍美式英语里还可以表示“电源插座（同 power point）”

Ahead of Thursday's vote, Jesper Ettrup Rasmussen, the chairman of a Danish trade union confederation, said the proposal to increase the retirement age was "completely unfair".

在周四投票前，丹麦一个工会联合会主席杰斯帕·艾特鲁普·拉斯穆森（Jesper Ettrup Rasmussen）表示，这项提高退休年龄的提案“完全不公平”。

表示“同盟，联盟”，英文解释为“an organization consisting of different groups of people working together for business or political reasons”

proposal /prəˈpəʊ.zəl/ 1）表示“建议；计划；提案”，英文解释为“a suggestion, sometimes a written one”举个🌰：Have you read his proposals for the new project? 你看了他对新项目的建议了吗？

2）表示“求婚”，英文解释为“an offer of marriage”

"Denmark has a healthy economy and yet the EU's highest retirement age," he said.

他说：“丹麦拥有健康的经济，但同时是欧盟里面，退休年龄最高的地方。”

"A higher retirement age means that [people will] lose the right to a dignified senior life."

“提高退休年龄意味着人们将失去过上有尊严的老年生活的权利。”

dignify /ˈdɪɡ.nɪ.faɪ/ 1）表示“使…受到重视；使…受到尊重”，英文解释为“to cause something to be respected and considered important”

2）表示“抬举，抬高”，英文解释为“to cause something to be respected and considered important when that is not deserved”举个🌰：I'm not even going to dignify that stupid question with an answer. 这么愚蠢的问题我才懒得回答呢。

Retirement ages around Europe vary. Many governments have raised the retirement age in recent years to reflect longer life expectancy and to tackle budget deficits.

欧洲各国的退休年龄不尽相同。许多政府近年来提高退休年龄，以反映寿命的延长，并用以应对预算赤字。

budget deficit /ˈbʌdʒ·ɪt ˌdef·ə·sɪt/ 表示“预算赤字”，英文解释为“the difference between a government's income and how much it spends.”

In Sweden, the earliest age individuals can start to claim pension benefits is 63.

在瑞典，最早可领取退休金的年龄为63岁。

pension /ˈpen.ʃən/ 表示“养老金；退休金；抚恤金”，英文解释为“an amount of money paid regularly by the government or a private company to a person who does not work any more because they are too old or have become ill”

The standard pension age in Italy is 67, although as in the case of Denmark, this is also subject to adjustments based on life expectancy estimates and may increase in 2026.

意大利的标准退休年龄为67岁，但与丹麦一样，也会根据寿命预测进行调整，并可能于2026年进一步提高。

In the UK, people born between 6 October, 1954 and 5 April, 1960 start receiving their pension at the age of 66. But for people born after this date, the state pension age will increase gradually.

在英国，1954年10月6日至1960年4月5日期间出生的人，从66岁开始领取退休金。但在这之后出生的人，国家退休年龄将逐步提高。

And in France, a law was passed in 2023 that raised the retirement age from 62 to 64. The highly unpopular change sparked protests and riots and had to be pushed through parliament by President Emmanuel Macron without a vote.

而在法国，2023年通过一项法律，将退休年龄从62岁提高至64岁。法国这项极不受欢迎的改革引发了骚乱，最终由总统马克龙（Emmanuel Macron，马克宏）绕过投票程序强行通过。

spark /spɑːk/ 表示“引发”，英文解释为“If one thing sparks another, the first thing causes the second thing to start happening.”举个🌰：My teacher organized a unit on computer science that really sparked my interest. 我的老师编排了一个关于计算机科学的单元，它真正激发了我的兴趣。

此前，《后浪》和「青年」文中标题中就用到：Bilibili's May 4th Youth Day video sparks discussion on social media 引发热议。

类似的还有：

📍stir表示“激发，激起（强烈的感情）；引起（强烈的反应）”，英文解释为“to make someone have a strong feeling or reaction”举个🌰：The poem succeeds in stirring the imagination. 这首诗能够激发起想象力。

📍provoke也表示“激起，引起”，英文解释为“to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one”，如：provoke debate/discussion 激起辩论/讨论。

📍spur 鼓动；激励；鞭策；刺激；鼓舞”，英文解释为“If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.”举个🌰：It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats. 是金钱驱使这些渔民驾驶单薄的小船冒险出海远航。

🎬电影《龙之心3：巫师的诅咒》（Dragonheart 3: The Sorcerer's Curse）中的台词提到：To spur the clans to war. 激励部族发起战争。

📍trigger表示“发动；引起；触发”，英文解释为“to make sth happen suddenly”举个🌰：Nuts can trigger off a violent allergic reaction. 坚果可以引起严重的过敏反应。

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