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今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?

A. By quoting an expert.

B. By defining a concept.

C. By giving examples.

D. By providing statistics.

2. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water?

A. The hardness of water.

B. The length of cooling time.

C. The frequency of filtering.

D. The type of plastic in water.

3. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?

A. The importance of plastic recycling.

B. The severity of the microplastic problem.

C. The danger in overusing pure water.

D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.

4. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay's suggestion about?

A. Choice of new research methods.

B. Possible direction for further study.

C. Need to involve more researchers.

D. Potential application of the findings.

无注释原文：

Boiling Tap Water Could Help Remove 80 Percent of Its Microplastics, Study Suggests

From: Smithsonian Magazine

Microplastics have become a pervasive source of pollution across the Earth—these tiny fragments have settled in the deep sea and on Mount Everest, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the guts of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.

Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap: boiling and filtering it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.

Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research wasn't all-encompassing. The team focused only on three common types of plastics—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.

Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.

And in a study published this month focusing on 62 human placentas, researchers detected microplastics inside every single one. Another new study found the tiny contaminants in all 17 human arteries examined.

Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.

“The way they demonstrated how things were deposited through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into modifying drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Boiling Tap Water Could Help Remove 80 Percent of Its Microplastics, Study Suggests

From: Smithsonian Magazine, March 1, 2024

Microplastics have become a pervasive source of pollution across the Earth—these tiny fragments have settled in the deep sea and on Mount Everest, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the guts of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.

微塑料污染已无处不在，这些细小颗粒沉积在深海和珠穆朗玛峰上，附着在火山岩中，存在于海鸟肠道内，甚至飘落到南极的新雪中，甚至已经进入了人体内。

microplastics /ˈmaɪ.krəʊˌplæs.tɪks/ 表示“微塑料，塑料微粒”，英文解释为“extremely small pieces of plastic that are harmful to the environment, used in cosmetics (= substances put on the face or body to improve appearance), or formed when plastic waste material breaks down”举个🌰：Microplastics typically come from plastic used in exfoliating face and body products. 塑料微粒通常来自用于去角质的面部和身体产品中所含的塑料。

pervasive /pəˈveɪ.sɪv/ 表示“到处存在的，到处弥漫着的，遍布的”，英文解释为“Something, especially something bad, that is pervasive is present or felt throughout a place or thing.”如：the pervasive influence of mobile phones in daily life 手机在日常生活中无处不在的影响。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述疫情带来的影响的文章中提到：But there will also be residual fear, pervasive uncertainty, a lack of innovative fervour and deepened inequalities. 但同时也会有残留的恐惧感、普遍的不确定性、匮乏的创新激情，以及加剧的不平等。

作名词，表示“小片，小块；（尤指）碎片，碎块”，英文解释为“a small piece or a part, especially when broken from something whole”举个🌰：The road was covered with fragments of glass from the shattered window. 公路上到处是车窗的碎玻璃片。

作动词，表示“支离破碎，分裂”，英文解释为“consisting of several separate parts”举个🌰：In this increasingly fragmented society, a sense of community is a thing of the past. 在这个日益分崩离析的社会中，归属感已经一去不复返了。

volcanic /vɒlˈkæn.ɪk/ 1）表示“火山的”，英文解释为“of, relating to, or made by a volcano (= a mountain with a hole at the top through which hot liquid rock is or has been forced out)”如：volcanic ash/activity/rock 火山灰/火山活动/火山岩。

2）表示“火山似的；暴烈的；猛烈的”，英文解释为“likely to become very angry suddenly, or involving great anger”举个🌰：They had to deal with the actor's famously volcanic temper. 他们不得不应付这位演员著名的暴烈脾气。

gut /ɡʌt/ 作动词，表示“（尤指在烹调前）取出…的内脏”，英文解释为“to remove the inner organs of an animal, especially in preparation for eating it”举个🌰：She gutted the fish and cut off their heads. 她取出鱼的内脏并把鱼头切掉。

作名词，表示“消化道；肠道，肠”，英文解释为“the long tube in the body of a person or animal, through which food moves during the process of digesting food”举个🌰：Meat stays in the gut longer than vegetable matter. 和蔬菜相比，肉类在消化道中停留的时间更长。

sb's gut 表示“凭直觉，凭感情（决定或判断）”，英文解释为“a way of deciding what should be done or what is right, that is based on how someone feels rather than thinking about reasons”举个🌰：My head said that I should go but my gut said I should stay. 理智上我该走，但是感觉告诉我该留。

gut feeling/reaction 表示“直觉，本能，内心感觉”，英文解释为“a strong belief about someone or something that cannot completely be explained and does not have to be decided by reasoning”举个🌰：I have a gut feeling that the relationship won't last. 我有种直觉，这段关系不会太长久。

Antarctic /ænˈtɑːrk.tɪk/ 形容词，表示“南极的”，英文解释为“belonging or relating to Antarctica or the Antarctic”如：the Antarctic Ocean/Circle/Zone 南冰洋/南极圈/南寒带。

📍the Antarctic 表示“南极地区”，英文解释为“the very cold area around the South Pole that includes Antarctica and the surrounding seas”

📍Antarctica /ænˈtɑːrk.tɪ.kə/ 直接作名词，表示“南极”，英文解释为“the continent around the South Pole”

📍the South Pole表示“南极”，英文解释为“the point on the earth's surface that is furthest south”

Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap: boiling and filtering it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.

最新研究指出，利用简单且经济的煮沸与过滤方法，可以有效降低自来水中的微塑料含量。该研究周三刊登于《环境科学与技术快报》上，结果显示煮沸五分钟后冷却过滤的自来水，微塑料去除率至少达到80%。

filter /ˈfɪl.tər/ 作动词，表示“过滤”，英文解释为“to remove solids from liquids or gases, or to remove particular types of light, using special equipment”举个🌰：The water is filtered to remove any impurities. 这种水经过滤以去除杂质。

作名词： 1）表示“筛选（过滤）程序”，英文解释为“a program that stops certain types of electronic information, email, etc. being sent to a computer.”

2）表示“滤器；过滤器”，英文解释为“a device containing paper, sand, chemicals, etc. that a liquid or gas is passed through in order to remove any materials that are not wanted”

3）此前在尴尬！视频会议忘关摄像头......文中介绍有公司主管在线会议时，误开滤镜特效，会议全程整个人变成土豆头🥔，就提到：she could not figure out how to remove the filter. 主管一直搞不清要怎么关掉滤镜。filter指的就是滤镜。

tap water /ˈtæp ˌwɔː.tər/ 表示“自来水”，英文解释为“the water that comes out of the taps in a building that are connected to the main supply of the local water system”

2023年报告Part 11提到：农村自来水普及率从80%提高到87%，多年累计改造农村危房2400多万户。 Tap water coverage in rural areas increased from 80 percent to 87 percent, and the dilapidated houses of more than 24 million rural households were rebuilt over the years.

Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research wasn't all-encompassing. The team focused only on three common types of plastics—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.

这一过程的关键是水中要含有足够的碳酸钙，才能“捕获”微塑料。研究中，煮沸含300毫克碳酸钙的硬水，微塑料含量减少近九成；而碳酸钙含量不足60毫克的样本，煮沸后微塑料含量只减少了四分之一。此外，这项研究范围有限，仅针对三种常见塑料（聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯和聚丙烯），未涉及此前发现的水中其他化学物质如氯乙烯。

calcium carbonate /ˌkæl.si.əm ˈkɑː.bən.eɪt/ 表示“碳酸钙”，英文解释为“a common, white chemical compound found naturally as chalk, marble, and limestone, and in bones and shells, etc.”

作名词，trap /træp/ 表示“陷阱；夹子；捕捉器”，英文解释为“a device or hole for catching animals or people and preventing their escape”举个🌰：The fox got its foot caught in a trap. 狐狸的一只脚被夹子夹住了。

作动词，1）be trapped表示“被困住；陷入困境”，英文解释为“If someone or something is trapped, that person or thing is unable to move or escape from a place or situation.”举个🌰：Fire officers used cutting equipment to free his legs, which were trapped under a steel beam. 消防队员们用切割设备松开他被压在一根钢梁下的双腿。

2）表示“（尤指为利用而）收集，存住，保存（热量、水等）”，英文解释为“to keep something such as heat or water in one place, especially because it is useful”举个🌰：A greenhouse stays warm because the glass traps the heat of the sun. 温室保持着温暖，因为玻璃吸收了太阳的热量。

all-encompassing表示“包罗万象的；总括的”，英文解释为“including everything”

encompass作动词，表示“包含，包括（尤指很多不同事物）”，英文解释为to include different types of things”举个🌰：The job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities. 这项工作涉及的职责范围很广。

Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.

减少人体微塑料摄入的任务正变得日益艰巨，而这些研究结果为其开辟了可能的新途径。今年早些时候，科学家发现瓶装水中的微塑料含量是此前预估的10至1000倍。

And in a study published this month focusing on 62 human placentas, researchers detected microplastics inside every single one. Another new study found the tiny contaminants in all 17 human arteries examined.

本月发表的一项研究中，研究人员在62个人类胎盘样本中均检测到了微塑料。另一项新研究也在所有17个人类动脉样本中发现了微塑料污染物。

placenta /pləˈsen.tə/ 表示“胎盘”，英文解释为“the temporary organ that feeds a foetus (= developing baby) inside its mother's womb”

contaminant /kənˈtæm.ɪ.nənt/ 表示“致污物，污染物”，英文解释为“a substance that makes something less pure or makes it poisonous”举个🌰：Make sure that all equipment is clean and free of contaminants. 要确保所有设备是干净、未受污染的。

artery /ˈɑː.tər.i/ 1）表示“动脉”，英文解释为“one of the thick tubes that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body”举个🌰：Hardening of the coronary arteries can lead to a heart attack. 冠状动脉硬化可能导致心脏病发作。

2）表示“要道；干道；干线”，英文解释为“an important road or railway line”如：the main arteries leading into London 通往伦敦的主干道。

人类血液中首次发现微塑料颗粒

Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.

科学家们仍在努力确定微塑料的危害程度，但现有发现已令人担忧。新研究表明，煮沸自来水或可作为减少微塑料摄入的有效手段。

intake /ˈɪn.teɪk/ 1）表示“摄入量”，英文解释为“the amount of a particular substance that is eaten or drunk during a particular time”

2）示“（尤指学院或大学的）招生人数”，英文解释为“the number of people that are accepted at a particular time by an organization, especially a college or university”举个🌰：The college has increased its intake of students by 50 percent this year. 这所学院今年的招生人数增加了一半。

“The way they demonstrated how things were deposited through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into modifying drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”

“他们展示了在煮沸过程中沉积物形成的方式，这一点做得很好，”未参与该研究的英国格拉斯哥大学环境工程师卡罗琳·高肖特-林赛（Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay）对《新科学家》表示。“我们应该考虑改造饮用水处理厂，使其具备过滤微塑料的能力。”

deposit /dɪˈpɒz.ɪt/ 作名词，1）表示“沉淀物，沉积物”，英文解释为“a substance or layer that is left, usually after a liquid is removed”举个🌰：Decant the wine carefully, so that you leave the deposit in the bottom of the bottle. 将酒小心倒出，以免把瓶底的沉淀物带出来。

2）表示“预付款，定金”，英文解释为“an amount of money that you pay as the first part of the total payment for something”或者表示“押金”，英文解释为“an amount of money that you pay when you rent something, and is returned to you when you return the thing you have rented”

作动词，1）表示“（在银行或保险柜中）存放，存储（尤指钱款）”，英文解释为“to put something valuable, especially money, in a bank or safe (= strong box or cupboard with locks)”举个🌰：There's a night safe outside the bank, so you can deposit money whenever you wish. 银行外面有夜间保险箱，你可以随时把钱存进去。

2）表示“留下；存放”，英文解释为“to leave something somewhere”举个🌰：The flood waters fell, depositing mud over the whole area. 洪水退去后留下的淤泥覆盖了整个区域。

表示“（稍作）修改，更改，改造，改变”，英文解释为“to change something such as a plan, opinion, law, or way of behaviour slightly, usually to improve it or make it more acceptable”举个🌰：The proposals were unpopular and were only accepted in a modified form. 这些建议不受欢迎，修改之后才得以接受。

熟词僻义，作名词，表示“工厂；电厂”，英文解释为“A plant is a factory or a place where power is produced.”

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