父亲节为何“静悄悄”?

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🤔️小作业：

1. What is the main argument presented in the article?

A. Fathers should imitate mothers in how they raise children.

B. There is no universal model for fatherhood, but emotional involvement is key.

C. Societies should rank fathers based on their involvement with their children.

D. Traditional gender roles still determine parenting styles in most cultures.

无注释原文：

The secret of being a good father

From: BBC

The Aka tribesmen in the Central African Republic often look after their young children while the mothers are out hunting. They soothe, clean and play with their babies, and spend more time holding them than fathers in any other society. Their devotion has earned them the title of “the world's best dads” from online commentators – which is somewhat ironic given that the Aka are strictly egalitarian and shun rankings.

Still, it shows just how dramatically the wider view of being a “good father” has changed over time.

Today, many dads are celebrated for being sensitive, caring and hands-on. A growing body of research is transforming our understanding of how they can shape their children's lives from the start, challenging conventional ideas of parenthood and gender.

This is striking given that until the 1970s, the role of fathers in their children's development was not much studied at all. Their most important job was seen as economically supporting the mother, who would in turn be the emotional anchor for the child.

“There was a lot of focus on how relationships with mothers were very important, and there was very little thought about other social relationships,” says Michael Lamb, a psychologist at the University of Cambridge who has been studying fathers since the 1970s. “The most obvious of those was the father-child relationship – a relationship that was viewed as more important as children grow older, but was always viewed as secondary to the mother-child relationship.”

“Part of the argument that I've been trying to make for the past 45 years is that actually, no, there are multiple important factors,” says Lamb. “We do want to recognise differences in their importance, but we also need to recognise that – to quote that cliché – it does take a village, and that there are a lot of important relationships that shape children's development.”

“One of the points we've learned is that there isn't a model of the ideal father. There isn't a recipe for what the father needs to do or what sorts of behaviour he needs to emulate,” says Lamb.

Ultimately, he says, it's about being emotionally available, and meeting the child's needs. “Different people do that in different ways. There's been a lot of talk about, 'do dads need to do that in a masculine way?' And the answer is no, they don't need to.

“They need to do it in a way that makes sense for them, that feels authentic, that allows them to be fully and coherently engaged in the relationship with their child.”

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

The secret of being a good father

From: BBC

The Aka tribesmen in the Central African Republic often look after their young children while the mothers are out hunting. They soothe, clean and play with their babies, and spend more time holding them than fathers in any other society. Their devotion has earned them the title of “the world's best dads” from online commentators – which is somewhat ironic given that the Aka are strictly egalitarian and shun rankings.

中非共和国有一个阿卡部落（Aka），外出打猎的是母亲，男性成员则留在家里照顾孩子。这个部落的父亲们会花很长时间安抚孩子、给孩子洗澡、陪孩子玩耍。他们抚养孩子的时间，远比其他任何社会的父亲要来的多。网友称这些辛勤付出的父亲为“全球最佳爸爸”。实际上这有点讽刺，因为阿卡部落恪守严格的平等，严禁排名和比较。

tribesman /ˈtraɪbz.mən/ 表示“部落男子；部族男子”，英文解释为“a man who belongs to a tribe”

soothe /suːð/1）表示“抚慰，安慰，使平息”，英文解释为“to make someone feel calmer and less anxious, upset, or angry”举个🌰：She made a cup of tea to soothe her nerves. 她泡了杯茶让自己平静下来。

2）表示“减轻，缓和（疼痛）”，英文解释为“to make a pain become less severe, or slowly disappear”举个🌰：Massage can gently soothe away your aches and pains. 按摩可以慢慢地缓解疼痛。

ironic /aɪˈrɒn.ɪk/ 表示“具有讽刺意味的；出乎意料的；令人啼笑皆非的”，英文解释为“interesting, strange, or funny because of being very different from what you would usually expect”举个🌰：It is ironic that although many items are now cheaper to make, fewer people can afford to buy them. 具有讽刺意味的是，虽然如今很多物品的制作成本下降了，但能买得起的人却少了。

egalitarian /ɪˌɡælɪˈtɛərɪən/ 表示“平等主义的；主张人人平等的”，英文解释为“believing that all people are equally important and should have the same rights and opportunities in life”如：an egalitarian society 奉行平等主义的社会。

shun /ʃʌn/ 表示“有意回避；避开；避免”，英文解释为“If you shun someone or something, you deliberately avoid them or keep away from them.”举个🌰：From that time forward everybody shunned him. 从那时起，人人都有意回避他。

🎬电影《简·爱》（Jane Eyre）中的台词提到：Children, I exhort you to shun her, exclude her, shut her out from this day forth. 孩子们，奉劝你们离她远点，排斥她，从今天起与她隔绝。

Still, it shows just how dramatically the wider view of being a “good father” has changed over time.

尽管如此，我们还是能从中发现，“好爸爸”的定义是怎么随着时间的推移而发生变化的。

Today, many dads are celebrated for being sensitive, caring and hands-on. A growing body of research is transforming our understanding of how they can shape their children's lives from the start, challenging conventional ideas of parenthood and gender.

现在，如果一个父亲善解人意、关怀备至而又亲身实践，那他便会收获很多人的好评。越来越多的研究表明，在孩子的生命之初，父亲的角色能够影响其一生。这显然同传统的育儿观和性别观念相左。

替-on /ˌhændˈzɒn/ 表示“事事过问的，事必躬亲的”，英文解释为“Someone with a hands-on way of doing things becomes closely involved in managing and organizing things and in making decisions.”举个🌰：She's very much a hands-on manager. 她是一位事必躬亲的经理。

conventional /kənˈven.ʃən.əl/ 表示“传统的；常规的；普通的”，英文解释为“traditional and ordinary”如：conventional behaviour 传统行为，conventional clothes 传统服装。

This is striking given that until the 1970s, the role of fathers in their children's development was not much studied at all. Their most important job was seen as economically supporting the mother, who would in turn be the emotional anchor for the child.

20世纪70年代前，儿童成长研究中很少会指出父亲这一角色的作用。因此，这一结论足以让人震惊。当时人们认为，父亲最重要的角色是经济支柱，而母亲则是孩子的情绪支柱。

striking /ˈstraɪ.kɪŋ/ 1）表示“异乎寻常的，惊人的；引人注目的；显著的；不同寻常的”，英文解释为“Something that is striking is very noticeable or unusual.”举个🌰：The most striking feature of those statistics is the high proportion of suicides. 那些统计数据最显著的特征是高自杀率。

2）表示“俊秀的；妩媚动人的；很有魅力的”，英文解释为“Someone who is striking is very attractive, in a noticeable way.”举个🌰：She was a striking woman with long blonde hair. 她曾是一个留着金色长发的俊秀女子。

anchor /ˈæŋkə/ 作动词，1）表示“把…系住（或扎牢）；使稳固，使固定”，英文解释为“to make something or someone stay in one position by fastening him, her, or it firmly”举个🌰：We anchored ourselves to the rocks with a rope. 我们用绳子把自己固定在岩石上。

2）表示“使扎根；使基于”，英文解释为“to firmly base sth on sth else”举个🌰：Her novels are anchored in everyday experience. 她的小说取材自日常生活经验。

作名词，1）表示“锚”，英文解释为“a heavy metal object, usually shaped like a cross with curved arms, on a strong rope or chain, that is dropped from a boat into the water to prevent the boat from moving away”

2）美式，表示“（广播、电视节目的）主持人”。

3）表示“可以依靠的人（或物）；精神支柱；靠山”，英文解释为“someone or something that gives support when needed”举个🌰：She was my anchor when things were difficult for me. 我身处困境时，她就是我的精神支柱。

“There was a lot of focus on how relationships with mothers were very important, and there was very little thought about other social relationships,” says Michael Lamb, a psychologist at the University of Cambridge who has been studying fathers since the 1970s. “The most obvious of those was the father-child relationship – a relationship that was viewed as more important as children grow older, but was always viewed as secondary to the mother-child relationship.”

兰姆（Michael Lamb）是剑桥大学的一名心理学家，自上世纪70年代起就开始研究父亲的角色。他说：“当时，人们大多关注的是母子关系的重要性，很少会注意到其他的社会关系。其中，父子关系是最容易被忽视的。当时的人们认为，父子关系在孩子长大后会慢慢变得重要起来，但是永远不会有母子关系来得重要。”

secondary /ˈsek.ən.dri/ 1）表示“中学的”，英文解释为“relating to the education of children approximately between the ages of 11 and 18 years old”如：secondary education 中等教育。

2）表示“次要的；从属的；辅助的”，英文解释为“less important than sth else”举个🌰：That is just a secondary consideration. 那只不过是次要的因素。

“Part of the argument that I've been trying to make for the past 45 years is that actually, no, there are multiple important factors,” says Lamb. “We do want to recognise differences in their importance, but we also need to recognise that – to quote that cliché – it does take a village, and that there are a lot of important relationships that shape children's development.”

兰姆说：“过去45年间，我一直想要发声的一点是，影响儿童发展的因素实际上有很多。我们自然要认识到起到作用的因素之间的差异，但我也不得不引用一句在非洲老生常谈的话：育儿要靠全村人。儿童发展过程中是受到多种人际关系的影响。”

可以作名词，也可以作动词，1）表示“引用，引述，援引”，英文解释为“to repeat the words that someone else has said or written”举个🌰：He's always quoting from LearnAndRecord. 他总是引用《LearnAndRecord》上的内容。

📍听听力时有时候会听到「quote... unquote」指的就是“引文起…引文止”，英文解释为“said to show that you are repeating someone else's words, especially if you do not agree”，可以理解为念的是引号内的内容，举个🌰：She says they're quote "just good friends" unquote. 她说她们，引号，“只是好朋友而已”，引号完。

2）表示“报价”，英文解释为“to give a price, especially one that will be charged for doing a piece of work”举个🌰：The architect has quoted £90,000 to build a patio. 对露台部分，建筑师开价9万英镑。

表示“陈词滥调，老生常谈，老套的话”，英文解释为“a saying or remark that is very often made and is therefore not original and not interesting”举个🌰：My wedding day - and I know it's a cliché - was just the happiest day of my life. 我结婚那天——我知道这是老生常谈——是我一生中最幸福的一天。

“One of the points we've learned is that there isn't a model of the ideal father. There isn't a recipe for what the father needs to do or what sorts of behaviour he needs to emulate,” says Lamb.

兰姆称：“我们知道，是没有理想父亲模型这种东西的。为人之父应该要做什么，应该要模仿怎样的行为，是没有什么秘籍的。”

recipe /ˈres.ɪ.pi/除了表示“食谱”，还可以指“方法；秘诀；诀窍”，英文解释为“a method or an idea that seems likely to have a particular result”举个🌰：What's her recipe for success? 她成功的秘诀是什么？

emulate /ˈem.jə.leɪt/ 表示“效仿，模仿;同…竞争，努力赶上”，英文解释为“to copy something achieved by someone else and try to do it as well as they have”举个🌰：They hope to emulate the success of other software companies. 他们希望能够效仿其他软件公司的成功先例。

Ultimately, he says, it's about being emotionally available, and meeting the child's needs. “Different people do that in different ways. There's been a lot of talk about, 'do dads need to do that in a masculine way?' And the answer is no, they don't need to.

他说，最大的诀窍在于在精神上支持孩子，满足孩子的需求。他说：“不同人有不同的做法。曾经有很多人这样问：'爸爸们要用爷们的方式带娃吗？'答案是否定的。不是非要这样。”

masculine /ˈmæs.kjə.lɪn/ 表示“男性的，男子气概的；适于男子的”，英文解释为“having characteristics that are traditionally thought to be typical of or suitable for men”如：a masculine appearance/voice 男性外表/嗓音。

“They need to do it in a way that makes sense for them, that feels authentic, that allows them to be fully and coherently engaged in the relationship with their child.”

“只要他们自己觉得可行即可。只要足够真实，足够能和孩子建立全面而连贯的羁绊。”

📍authentic /ɔːˈθen.tɪk/ 形容词，表示“真的；真正的；可靠的；可信的”，英文解释为“If something is authentic, it is real, true, or what people say it is.”如：authentic Italian food 正宗意大利食品。

📍authenticity /ˌɔː.θenˈtɪs.ə.ti/ 名词，表示“确实性；真实性；可靠性”，英文解释为“the quality of being genuine or true.”举个🌰：The authenticity of her story is beyond doubt. 她讲述的事情的真实性不容置疑。

coherently /kəʊˈhɪə.rənt.li/ 表示“有条理地，连贯地”，英文解释为“clearly and in a way that is easy to understand”举个🌰：In times of distress, it can be difficult to speak coherently. 人在悲伤时，很难流畅地说话。

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