印度空难初步调查报告公布

近日，印度空难初步调查报告公布。报告称，在驾驶舱语音记录中，可以听到一名飞行员向另一名飞行员提问说，“为什么切断”。另一名飞行员回答说，他没有。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What operational safety feature of the aircraft makes accidental fuel switch-off unlikely?

A. The switches can only be accessed after entering a security code.

B. The cockpit has sensors that detect improper pilot inputs.

C. The switches are protected by a manual unlock mechanism and physical guards.

D. The engines automatically restart after shutdown, reducing risk.

无注释原文：

Why cockpit audio deepens the mystery of Air India crash

From: BBC

Investigators have made a chilling discovery in the preliminary investigation into the Air India Flight 171 crash which killed 260 people in June.

Just seconds after take-off, both of the 12-year-old Boeing 787 Dreamliner's fuel-control switches abruptly moved to the "cut-off" position, starving the engines of fuel and triggering total power loss. Switching to "cut-off" is a move typically done only after landing.

The cockpit voice recording captures one pilot asking the other why he "did the cut-off", to which the person replies that he didn't. The recording doesn't clarify who said what. At the time of take-off, the co-pilot was flying the aircraft while the captain was monitoring.

The switches were returned to their normal inflight position, triggering automatic engine relight. At the time of the crash, one engine was regaining thrust while the other had relit but had not yet recovered power.

Air India Flight 171 was airborne for less than a minute before crashing into a crowded neighbourhood in the western Indian city of Ahmedabad, marking one of India's most baffling aviation disasters.

Investigators are probing the wreckage and cockpit recorders to understand what went wrong just after take-off. The Air India flight climbed to 625 feet in clear weather before losing location data about 50 seconds in, according to the FlightRadar24 website.

The preliminary report from the investigation - led by Indian authorities with experts from Boeing, General Electric, Air India, Indian regulators, and participants from the US and UK - raises several questions.

Investigators say the lever-lock fuel switches are designed to prevent accidental activation - they must be pulled up to unlock before flipping, a safety feature dating back to the 1950s. Built to exacting standards, they're highly reliable. Protective guard brackets further shield them from accidental bumps.

"It would be almost impossible to pull both switches with a single movement of one hand, and this makes accidental deployment unlikely," a Canada-based air accidents investigator, who wanted to remain unnamed, told the BBC.

That's what makes the Air India case stand out.

If one of the pilots was responsible for shutting down the switches, intentionally or not, it "does beg the question: why", said Shawn Pruchnicki, a former airline accident investigator and aviation expert at Ohio State University.

"Was it intentional, or the result of confusion? That seems unlikely, as the pilots reported nothing unusual.

"In many cockpit emergencies, pilots may press the wrong buttons or make incorrect selections - but there was no indication of such a situation here, nor any discussion suggesting that the fuel switches were selected by mistake," he said.

Peter Goelz, a former managing director of the US's NTSB, said: "The finding is very disturbing - that a pilot has shut off the fuel switch within seconds of flying."

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Why cockpit audio deepens the mystery of Air India crash

From: BBC

Investigators have made a chilling discovery in the preliminary investigation into the Air India Flight 171 crash which killed 260 people in June.

调查人员在对今年六月造成260人罹难的“印度航空171号航班”（Air India Flight 171）空难初步调查中，有了令人震惊的发现。

cockpit  /ˈkɒk.pɪt/ 表示“（飞机、船或赛车的）驾驶舱，驾驶座”，英文解释为“the area in a plane, boat or racing car where the pilot or driver sits”

chilling /ˈtʃɪl.ɪŋ/ 表示“令人恐惧的，令人不寒而栗的”，英文解释为“frightening”如：a chilling tale 令人毛骨悚然的故事。

preliminary表示“预备性的；初步的；开始的”，英文解释为“happening before a more important action or event”如：preliminary results/findings/enquiries 初步结果/发现/调查，举个🌰：After a few preliminary remarks he announced the winners. 说了几句开场白之后，他即宣布优胜者名单。

Just seconds after take-off, both of the 12-year-old Boeing 787 Dreamliner's fuel-control switches abruptly moved to the "cut-off" position, starving the engines of fuel and triggering total power loss. Switching to "cut-off" is a move typically done only after landing.

在飞机刚起飞的几秒钟内，这架服役12年的波音787梦想客机（Boeing 787 Dreamliner）的两个燃油控制开关突然同时进入“切断”（cut-off）状态，导致引擎燃油供应中断，两台引擎瞬间失去动力。正常情况下，将燃油开关切换到“切断”仅会在落地后进行。

表示“（使）挨饿;（使）饿死”，英文解释为“to (cause someone to) become very weak or die because there is not enough food to eat”，此处用于比喻意义，表示 “使缺乏所需的东西”，starve (sb/sth) of/for sth 使（人/物）缺乏所需的东西。

trigger /ˈtrɪɡ.ər/ 1）作动词，除了表示“发动；引起；触发”，英文解释为“to make sth happen suddenly”举个🌰：Nuts can trigger off a violent allergic reaction. 坚果可以引起严重的过敏反应。

2）作名词，表示“扳机”，英文解释为“The trigger of a gun is a small lever which you pull to fire it.”举个🌰：A man pointed a gun at them and pulled the trigger. 一个男人用枪指着他们，扣动了扳机。

类似的还有：

📍stir表示“激发，激起（强烈的感情）；引起（强烈的反应）”，英文解释为“to make someone have a strong feeling or reaction”举个🌰：The poem succeeds in stirring the imagination. 这首诗能够激发起想象力。

📍provoke也表示“激起，引起”，英文解释为“to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one”，如：provoke debate/discussion 激起辩论/讨论。

📍spur 鼓动；激励；鞭策；刺激；鼓舞”，英文解释为“If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.”举个🌰：It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats. 是金钱驱使这些渔民驾驶单薄的小船冒险出海远航。

🎬电影《龙之心3：巫师的诅咒》（Dragonheart 3: The Sorcerer's Curse）中的台词提到：To spur the clans to war. 激励部族发起战争。

The cockpit voice recording captures one pilot asking the other why he "did the cut-off", to which the person replies that he didn't. The recording doesn't clarify who said what. At the time of take-off, the co-pilot was flying the aircraft while the captain was monitoring.

驾驶舱语音记录显示，一名飞行员问另一名飞行员“为什么你进行了切断”，对方则回应“我没有”。记录中并未明确谁说了哪句话。当时，副驾驶正负责操控飞机，机长则在监控。

clarify /ˈklær.ɪ.faɪ/ 表示“澄清；阐明；使更清晰易懂”，英文解释为“to make something clear or easier to understand by giving more details or a simpler explanation”举个🌰：Could you clarify the first point please? I don't understand it completely. 请你把第一点再阐释一下，好吗？我没有完全明白。

The switches were returned to their normal inflight position, triggering automatic engine relight. At the time of the crash, one engine was regaining thrust while the other had relit but had not yet recovered power.

随后，燃油开关被恢复到正常飞行位置，触发了自动引擎重新点火。事故发生时，一台引擎正逐步恢复推力，另一台则已点火但尚未恢复动力。

表示“飞行中的；飞行途中提供的”，英文解释为“happening or available during a flight”如：in-flight entertainment 飞行途中提供的娱乐。

表示“再次燃烧；再次点燃；重新照亮”，英文解释为“to begin to burn again; to make something begin to burn again”

Air India Flight 171 was airborne for less than a minute before crashing into a crowded neighbourhood in the western Indian city of Ahmedabad, marking one of India's most baffling aviation disasters.

“印度航空171号航班”在空中仅飞行不到一分钟，便坠毁于印度西部城市艾哈迈达巴德（Ahmedabad）一个人口稠密的社区，成为印度航空史上最令人费解的空难之一。

表示“在空中的；空气传播的；空运的；飞行中的”，英文解释为“in the air, or carried by air or wind or by an aircraft”

表示“令人迷惑的，费解的”，英文解释为“impossible for someone to understand or explain”举个🌰：I found what he was saying completely baffling. 他说的话我完全听不懂。

aviation /ˌeɪ.viˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“航空（学）；飞行（术）；航空工业”，英文解释为“the activity of flying aircraft, or of designing, producing, and keeping them in good condition”如：the British Civil Aviation Authority 英国民航局。

Investigators are probing the wreckage and cockpit recorders to understand what went wrong just after take-off. The Air India flight climbed to 625 feet in clear weather before losing location data about 50 seconds in, according to the FlightRadar24 website.

调查人员正详细检查残骸与驾驶舱记录，试图厘清起飞后究竟发生了什么。根据FlightRadar24网站数据，该航班在天气晴朗下爬升至625英尺，约50秒后失去定位讯号。

probe /prəʊb/ 作动词，表示“盘问；追问；探究”，英文解释为“to try to discover information that other people do not want you to know, by asking questions carefully and not directly”举个🌰：The interviewer probed deep into her private life. 采访者深入地打探她的私生活。

在恏渏 亾類哋夲能文中提到了probe作名词有“探索；探查；查究；调查”的意思，英文解释为“an attempt to discover information by asking a lot of questions”如：an FBI probe into corruption 联邦调查局对腐败的调查；也可以指“（医生或科学家用的）探针”，英文解释为“a long thin metal instrument that doctors and scientists use to examine parts of the body”

📍probe还可以解释为“探测器”，英文解释为：a device that is put inside something to test or record information. 如：a space probe 航天探测器/太空探测器。

🎬电影《像素大战》（Pixels）中的台词提到：That videotape will be placed in a space probe 录影带将放在太空探测器中。

wreckage /ˈrek.ɪdʒ/ 1）表示“严重受损的东西；残骸”，英文解释为“a badly damaged object or the separated parts of a badly damaged object”举个🌰：The wreckage of the car was scattered over the roadside. 那辆汽车的残骸散落在路旁。

2）表示“剩余物；残存物”，英文解释为“what is left of something that has been spoiled or that has failed”举个🌰：Kate was still clinging to the wreckage of her failed marriage. 凯特仍然执着于她那破碎的婚姻，不想放手。

The preliminary report from the investigation - led by Indian authorities with experts from Boeing, General Electric, Air India, Indian regulators, and participants from the US and UK - raises several questions.

这份由印度主管机关牵头、波音（Boeing）、通用电气（General Electric）、印度航空（Air India）、印度监管部门，以及来自美国和英国的专家共同参与的初步调查报告，提出了诸多疑问。

Investigators say the lever-lock fuel switches are designed to prevent accidental activation - they must be pulled up to unlock before flipping, a safety feature dating back to the 1950s. Built to exacting standards, they're highly reliable. Protective guard brackets further shield them from accidental bumps.

调查人员指出，这种杠杆锁定式燃油控制开关设计本就为防止误触，必须先将开关上提解锁，才能切换位置，这一安全设计自1950年代沿用至今。该开关制造标准极高，可靠性强，且有保护护栏防止误碰。

表示“杠杆，操纵杆，控制手柄”，英文解释为“a bar or handle that moves around a fixed point, so that one end of it can be pushed or pulled in order to control the operation of a machine or move a heavy or stiff object”

flip /flɪp/ 1）表示“投掷（尤指硬币）”，英文解释为“If you flip something, especially a coin, you use your thumb to make it turn over and over, as it goes through the air.”举个🌰：I pulled a coin from my pocket and flipped it. 我从口袋里掏出一枚硬币，把它投掷出去。

2）表示“翻动，转动”，英文解释为“If something flips over, or if you flip it over or into a different position, it moves or is moved into a different position.”举个🌰：The plane then flipped over and burst into flames. 这时飞机翻了个个儿，接着就燃烧了起来。

bracket /ˈbræk.ɪt/ 1）表示“等级；段；档次”，英文解释为“a group with fixed upper and lower limits”举个🌰：They were both surgeons in a high income bracket. 他俩都属于高收入阶层的外科医生。

2）表示“括号”，英文解释为“either of two symbols put around a word, phrase, or sentence in a piece of writing to show that what is between them should be considered as separate from the main part”

3）表示“（通常呈L形、固定在墙上的）托架，支架，小壁架”，英文解释为“a piece of metal, wood, or plastic, usually L-shaped, that is fastened to a wall and used to support something such as a shelf”

shield /ʃiːld/ 作动词，1）表示“保护”，英文解释为“to protect someone or something”举个🌰：She held her hand above her eyes to shield them from the sun. 她把手搭在眼睛上方以遮挡太阳。

2）表示“（足球）护球”，英文解释为“in football, to keep your body between an opponent and the ball, with your back to the other player, to prevent them from getting the ball”举个🌰：We teach young players how to step in front of the defender and use their body to shield the ball. 我们教年轻队员如何插到对方防守队员前面并用身体护球。

作名词，shield /ʃiːld/ 表示“保护物，屏障；保护者”，英文解释为“something or someone used as protection or providing protection”举个🌰：Anger can function as a shield against (= a way of avoiding) even more painful emotions of loss and hurt. 愤怒可以起到避免更加痛苦的失落感和受伤害情绪的作用。

"It would be almost impossible to pull both switches with a single movement of one hand, and this makes accidental deployment unlikely," a Canada-based air accidents investigator, who wanted to remain unnamed, told the BBC.

一位不愿具名、现居加拿大的空难调查专家告诉英国广播公司（BBC）：“要用一只手同时拉动两个开关几乎不可能，这使得意外开启的可能性极低。”

That's what makes the Air India case stand out.

正因如此，这起印度航空的案例格外特殊。

If one of the pilots was responsible for shutting down the switches, intentionally or not, it "does beg the question: why", said Shawn Pruchnicki, a former airline accident investigator and aviation expert at Ohio State University.

如果其中一名飞行员负责关闭开关，无论是有意还是无意，这“确实引出了一个问题：为什么”，俄亥俄州立大学前航空事故调查员和航空专家肖恩·普鲁奇尼茨基（Shawn Pruchnicki）说。

表示“（说法或情况）使人想要提出问题”，英文解释为“If a statement or situation begs the question, it causes you to ask a particular question.”

"Was it intentional, or the result of confusion? That seems unlikely, as the pilots reported nothing unusual.

“这是有意为之，还是混乱的结果？这似乎不太可能，因为飞行员没有报告任何异常情况。”

"In many cockpit emergencies, pilots may press the wrong buttons or make incorrect selections - but there was no indication of such a situation here, nor any discussion suggesting that the fuel switches were selected by mistake," he said.

“在许多驾驶舱紧急情况下，飞行员可能会按错按钮或做出错误选择——但这里并没有这样的迹象，也没有任何讨论显示燃油开关是误操作的，”他说。

indication /ˌɪn.dɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“标示；表明；显示；暗示”，英文解释为“a sign that something exists, is true, or is likely to happen”举个🌰：Her face gave no indication of what she was thinking. 从她的脸上看不出她在想什么。

Peter Goelz, a former managing director of the US's NTSB, said: "The finding is very disturbing - that a pilot has shut off the fuel switch within seconds of flying."

美国国家运输安全委员会（NTSB）前常务董事彼得·戈尔兹（Peter Goelz），表示：“这一发现非常令人不安——有一位飞行员在飞行起飞后几秒内关闭了燃油开关。”

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