确诊慢性静脉功能不全

近日，美国总统Trump被诊断患有慢性静脉功能不全。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the article, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause or risk factor for venous insufficiency?

A. Long-term alcohol consumption

B. Prolonged standing

C. Obesity

D. Smoking

无注释原文：

Trump Was Diagnosed With Chronic Venous Insufficiency. What Is It?

From: The New York Times

The White House said on Thursday that President Trump had been diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency, a condition that occurs when veins have trouble moving blood back to the heart.

The White House press secretary, Karoline Leavitt, announced the diagnosis while addressing swelling in Mr. Trump’s legs and bruising on his hand in recent weeks.

Dr. Sean P. Barbabella, the physician to the president, said in a memo that Mr. Trump had noticed mild swelling in his lower legs and underwent a comprehensive evaluation which revealed the condition. He added that the condition was “benign” and common in people over 70. (Trump is 79.)

The risk of chronic venous insufficiency, which is estimated to affect 10 to 35 percent of U.S. adults, increases with age. The condition, which occurs most often in the legs, can cause swelling, as the president experienced. Other symptoms can include varicose veins, pain, discomfort and, in rare cases, venous ulcers, sores that take unusually long to heal, said Dr. Prakash Krishnan, director of endovascular services at the Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital in New York.

Additional risk factors include obesity, pregnancy and smoking. People who have to stand for long periods of time on the job are also at greater risk, Dr. Krishnan said.

This is because veins, particularly in the legs, have to pump blood against gravity back up to the heart. They use one-way valves and muscles to help them do that, Dr. Krishnan said. But when too much blood pools, as can happen during prolonged standing, the pressure causes veins to dilate and the valves can stretch and become leaky, causing venous insufficiency.

Doctors typically start with conservative treatments, such as compression stockings to squeeze the legs and help blood move back up to the heart. They also often recommend that patients keep their legs elevated for at least 30 minutes three times a day, and sometimes advise patients to lose weight or perform resistance exercises to improve blood flow.

If those measures fail, doctors might try more intensive treatments, such as a procedure called sclerotherapy, which involves injecting a chemical solution into the affected veins to collapse them. They can also use heat to seal a vein, including with laser treatment. The body will then reroute the blood through other, healthier veins.

The White House also noted that President Trump had some bruising on his hand. Dr. Barbabella attributed this to irritation caused by repeated handshaking and to the use of aspirin, which the president takes as part of his heart health regimen.

As part of the comprehensive evaluation, Mr. Trump also had his blood work done and underwent an echocardiogram, Dr. Barbabella said. All of the results were within normal limits and revealed no cardiac, renal or systemic issues. “President Trump remains in excellent health,” he wrote.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Trump Was Diagnosed With Chronic Venous Insufficiency. What Is It?

From: The New York Times

The White House said on Thursday that President Trump had been diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency, a condition that occurs when veins have trouble moving blood back to the heart.

白宫周四表示，Trump总统被诊断出患有慢性静脉功能不全，这是一种当静脉难以将血液有效回流至心脏时出现的疾病。

diagnose /ˈdaɪəɡˌnəʊz/ 表示“诊断（病症）；查出（问题）”，英文解释为“to recognize and name the exact character of a disease or a problem, by examining it”举个🌰：She was diagnosed with/as having diabetes. 她被查出患有糖尿病。The electrician has diagnosed a fault in the wiring. 电工查出了一处线路故障。

📍可以看出，除了指查出病症，也可以指查出故障或者问题。名词形式：diagnosis /ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/

chronic /ˈkrɒnɪk/ 1）表示“（疾病）慢性的，长期的”，英文解释为“a chronic disease or illness is one that continues for a long time and cannot be cured”如：chronic arthritis表示“慢性关节炎”。

2）表示“（问题）长期的”，英文解释为“a chronic problem is one that continues for a long time and cannot easily be solved”举个🌰：There is a chronic shortage of teachers. 长期存在师资短缺的问题。

3）还有一种解释是用来形容人“积习难改”，如“长期酗酒/沉迷赌博等的人”我们就可以用chronic alcoholic/gambler表示。

venous /ˈviː.nəs/ 表示“静脉的”，英文解释为“of or relating to the veins”如：venous blood 静脉血，the venous system 静脉系统。

vein /veɪn/ 表示“静脉”，英文解释为“a tube that carries blood to the heart from the other parts of the body”

2）表示“（说话、写作）风格；方式”，英文解释为“in a particular style of speaking or writing about something”举个🌰：A number of other people commented in a similar vein. 其他一些人也以类似的腔调评论。

The White House press secretary, Karoline Leavitt, announced the diagnosis while addressing swelling in Mr. Trump's legs and bruising on his hand in recent weeks.

白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·莱维特在说明Trump近几周腿部肿胀和手部淤青问题时公布了这一诊断结果。

swelling /ˈswel.ɪŋ/ 表示“肿大处，肿胀处；肿块”，英文解释为“a part of your body that has become bigger because of illness or injury”举个🌰：Put your foot into cold water to help the swelling go down. 把脚放到凉水里泡一下，有助于消肿。

swell本身作动词，表示“使增大; 增大；肿胀，肿，膨胀”，英文解释为“to become larger and rounder than usual; to (cause to) increase in size or amount”举个🌰：Last year's profits were swelled by a fall in production costs. 去年因生产成本下降，利润有所增加。

bruising /ˈbruː.zɪŋ/ 表示“伤痕；瘀伤”举个🌰：The bruising should soon become less painful. 这些伤痕很快就不会那么疼了。

Dr. Sean P. Barbabella, the physician to the president, said in a memo that Mr. Trump had noticed mild swelling in his lower legs and underwent a comprehensive evaluation which revealed the condition. He added that the condition was “benign” and common in people over 70. (Trump is 79.)

总统的医生肖恩·巴贝拉在一份备忘录中称，Trump注意到自己小腿出现轻微肿胀，随后接受了全面检查，最终确诊该疾病。巴贝拉还说，这种疾病属于“良性”，且在70岁以上人群中较为常见（Trump现年79岁）。

memo /ˈmem.əʊ/ 表示“备忘录；备忘便条”，英文解释为“a message or other information in writing sent by one person or department to another in the same business organization”举个🌰：Did you get my memo about the meeting? 你收到我的会议备忘录了吗？

undergo /ˌʌn.dəˈɡəʊ/ 表示“经历，经受（令人不快的事或变化） ”，英文解释为“to experience something that is unpleasant or something that involves a change”举个🌰：Playing board games is undergoing a revival in popularity. 棋盘游戏正经历着一场复兴。

🎬电影《白日梦想家》（The Secret Life of Walter Mitty）中的台词提到：But as we undergo this transition to LIFE online... we wanted to be candid with you... 但由于我们处于"生活"杂志网络化的过渡期...所以我们想明白告诉你们...

benign /bɪˈnaɪn/ 表示“良性的”，英文解释为“A benigntumour is not likely to cause death.”如：a benign tumour 良性肿瘤。

也可以表示“慈祥的；和善的”，英文解释为“pleasant and kind”如：a benign old lady 慈祥的老妇人。

The risk of chronic venous insufficiency, which is estimated to affect 10 to 35 percent of U.S. adults, increases with age. The condition, which occurs most often in the legs, can cause swelling, as the president experienced. Other symptoms can include varicose veins, pain, discomfort and, in rare cases, venous ulcers, sores that take unusually long to heal, said Dr. Prakash Krishnan, director of endovascular services at the Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital in New York.

纽约西奈山福斯特心脏医院血管内服务主任普拉卡什·克里希南介绍，慢性静脉功能不全估计影响着10%至35%的美国成年人，患病风险随年龄增长而增加。这种疾病最常发生在腿部，会导致肿胀（总统的症状即为此），其他症状可能包括静脉曲张、疼痛、不适，在罕见情况下还会出现静脉溃疡，且愈合异常缓慢。

symptom /ˈsɪmp.təm/ 表示“（疾病的）症状”，英文解释为“any feeling of illness or physical or mental change that is caused by a particular disease”举个🌰：He's complaining of all the usual flu symptoms - a high temperature, headache, and so on. 他说他出现了所有常见的感冒症状——高烧、头痛等。

varicose vein /ˌvær.ɪ.kəʊs ˈveɪn/ 表示“（尤指腿部的）静脉曲张”，英文解释为“a swollen and often painful vein, especially in the legs”举个🌰：Pregnant women often get varicose veins. 孕妇常患有静脉曲张。

ulcer /ˈʌl.sər/ 表示“溃疡”，英文解释为“a break in the skin, or on the surface of an organ inside the body, that does not heal naturally”如：a mouth/stomach ulcer 口腔/胃溃疡。

Additional risk factors include obesity, pregnancy and smoking. People who have to stand for long periods of time on the job are also at greater risk, Dr. Krishnan said.

克里希南表示，其他风险因素包括肥胖、怀孕和吸烟。因工作需要长时间站立的人患病风险也会更高。

obesity /oʊˈbiːsəti/ 表示“肥胖”，英文解释为“the fact of being extremely fat, in a way that is dangerous for health”

📍词根“obes-”来自拉丁语“obesus”，意味着“肥胖的”。近义词：overweight（超重），同根词：obese（肥胖的），常用短语：combat obesity（对抗肥胖症）

This is because veins, particularly in the legs, have to pump blood against gravity back up to the heart. They use one-way valves and muscles to help them do that, Dr. Krishnan said. But when too much blood pools, as can happen during prolonged standing, the pressure causes veins to dilate and the valves can stretch and become leaky, causing venous insufficiency.

他解释说，这是因为静脉，尤其是腿部静脉必须逆重力将血液泵回心脏，它们依靠单向瓣膜和肌肉来完成这项工作。但当血液大量积聚时（长时间站立就可能导致这种情况），压力会导致静脉扩张，静脉瓣膜可能会被拉伸并出现渗漏，进而引发静脉功能不全。

gravity /ˈɡræv.ə.ti/ 1）常见含义表示“重力；地球引力”，英文解释为“the force that attracts objects in space towards each other, and that on the earth pulls them towards the centre of the planet, so that things fall to the ground when they are dropped”如：the laws of gravity 万有引力定律，物理课上学的g=9.8还是g=10你还记得吗？

🎬电影《星际迷航》（Star Trek）中的台词提到：Captain, we're caught in the gravity well. It's got us. 舰长 我们被引力井吸住了，它吸住我们了。

2）表示“严重性”，英文解释为“extreme importance and a cause for worry”，可以替换seriousness，举个🌰：Punishment varies according to the gravity of the offence. 处罚根据罪行的严重程度而有所不同。

3）表示“严肃；庄严”，英文解释为“serious behaviour, speech or appearance”举个🌰：They were asked to behave with the gravity that was appropriate in a court of law. 他们被要求在法庭上表现出应有的严肃态度。

valve /vælv/ 表示“阀；活门；（心脏或血管的）瓣膜”，英文解释为“a device that opens and closes to control the flow of liquids or gases, or a similar structure in the heart and the veins that controls the flow of blood”举个🌰：The valve failed to open/close. 阀门打不开/关不上了。

prolonged /prəˈlɒŋd/ 表示“延续很久的，长期的”，英文解释为“continuing for a long time”举个🌰：Prolonged use of the drug is known to have harmful side-effects. 据了解，长期服用此药会产生对人体有害的副作用。

dilate /daɪˈleɪt/ 表示“（使身体的一部分）扩大，扩张，展开”，英文解释为“to (cause a part of the body to) become wider or further open”举个🌰：The pupils of the eyes dilate as darkness increases. 光线变暗时瞳孔就会放大。

Doctors typically start with conservative treatments, such as compression stockings to squeeze the legs and help blood move back up to the heart. They also often recommend that patients keep their legs elevated for at least 30 minutes three times a day, and sometimes advise patients to lose weight or perform resistance exercises to improve blood flow.

医生通常会先采用保守治疗，比如使用弹力袜挤压腿部，帮助血液回流至心脏。他们还往往建议患者每天至少三次将双腿抬高30分钟，有时还会建议患者减重或进行抗阻训练，以改善血液循环。

1）表示“（困难地）挤进，挤过”，英文解释为“to get in, through, under, etc. with difficulty”举个🌰：She squeezed through the crowd and found a seat at the front. 她从人群中挤过去，在前面找了个座位。

2）表示“挤压；捏”，英文解释为“to press sth firmly, especially with your fingers”如：to squeeze a tube of toothpaste 挤牙膏，举个🌰：He squeezed her arm reassuringly. 他安慰地捏了捏她的手臂。

3）表示“给…带来财务困难，使陷入财务困境”，英文解释为“If you are squeezed by financial demands, they cause you financial problems.”举个🌰：Small businesses are being squeezed by heavy taxation. 重税使小企业在财务上捉襟见肘。

🎬电影《今晚带我回家》（Take Me Home Tonight）中的台词提到：Come on, punch it up. punch. and squeeze real tight 来 击个拳 击拳 然后握紧。

If those measures fail, doctors might try more intensive treatments, such as a procedure called sclerotherapy, which involves injecting a chemical solution into the affected veins to collapse them. They can also use heat to seal a vein, including with laser treatment. The body will then reroute the blood through other, healthier veins.

如果这些措施无效，医生可能会尝试强化治疗手段，比如硬化疗法——向受影响的静脉注射化学溶液使其闭合；也可以利用激光热凝术来封闭静脉。之后，身体会通过其他更健康的静脉重新输送血液。

inject /ɪnˈdʒekt/ 1）表示“投入；增添；引入，带来”，英文解释为“to introduce something new that is necessary or helpful to a situation or process”举个🌰：A large amount of money will have to be injected into the company if it is to survive. 如果要挽救这家公司就必须注入大量资金。

2）表示“（给…）注射（药物等）”，英文解释为“to put a drug or other substance into a person's or an animal's body using a syringe”举个🌰：Adrenalin was injected into the muscle. 往肌肉里注射了肾上腺素。

区分：

📍ingest表示“摄入；食入；咽下”，英文解释为“to take food, drugs, etc. into your body, usually by swallowing”举个🌰：The chemicals can be poisonous if ingested. 这些化学制品如果摄入体内可能会引起中毒。

补充：

📍digest表示“消化”，英文解释为“When you digest food, or it digests, it is changed into substances that your body can use”举个🌰：Humans cannot digest plants such as grass. 人不能消化草类植物。

reroute /ˌriːˈruːt/ 表示“改变…的路线；给…复位路线”，英文解释为“to change the route of something”举个🌰：The plan entails rerouting traffic through a tunnel to create a vast pedestrian area. 这项规划需要改变交通路线，使其通过一条隧道，从而开辟出一大片步行区。

The White House also noted that President Trump had some bruising on his hand. Dr. Barbabella attributed this to irritation caused by repeated handshaking and to the use of aspirin, which the president takes as part of his heart health regimen.

白宫还提到，Trump总统的手部有一些淤青。巴贝拉博士将此归因于频繁握手造成的刺激，以及总统为维护心脏健康而服用的阿司匹林。

irritation /ˌɪr.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“激怒，恼怒；恼人的事”，英文解释为“the feeling of being angry or annoyed, or something that makes you feel like this”举个🌰：That kind of behaviour is sure to cause irritation. 那种行为肯定会让人感到恼火。

2）表示“发炎；疼痛”，英文解释为“a painful or sore feeling in a part of the body”举个🌰：It is an antiseptic cream suitable for minor skin irritations. 这种杀菌乳膏适用于轻微皮炎。

regimen /ˈredʒ.ɪ.mən/ 表示“（尤指为了增进健康的）生活规则，养生之道，养生法”，英文解释为“any set of rules about food and exercise that someone follows, especially in order to improve their health”举个🌰：After his heart attack the doctor put him on a strict regimen. 他的心脏病发作后，医生给他制订了严格的生活规则。

As part of the comprehensive evaluation, Mr. Trump also had his blood work done and underwent an echocardiogram, Dr. Barbabella said. All of the results were within normal limits and revealed no cardiac, renal or systemic issues. “President Trump remains in excellent health,” he wrote.

巴贝拉博士称，在全面检查中，Trump还进行了血液检测和超声心动图检查，所有结果均在正常范围内，未发现心脏、肾脏或全身性问题。他在备忘录中写道：“Trump总统保持着极佳的身体状况。”

echocardiogram /ˌek.əʊˈkɑː.di.ə.ɡræm/ 表示“心脏超音波检查”，英文解释为“a test using ultrasound (= sound waves used to produce an image of the inside of someone's body) to examine the structure of the heart and how well it is working”举个🌰：An echocardiogram showed her heart was pumping out only about 10 oercent of the blood it collects, compared with about 60 percent in a healthy person. 心脏超音波检查显示，她心脏泵出的血液只占流到心脏血液量的10%左右，而健康人能泵出约60%的血液量。

cardiac /ˈkɑː.di.æk/ 表示“心脏的；心脏病的”，英文解释为“of the heart or heart disease”

renal /ˈriː.nəl/ 表示“肾的；肾脏的”，英文解释为“relating to the kidneys (= body organs)”如：a renal unit 肾病科。

- 词汇盘点 -

- 词汇助记 By AI -

LearnAndRecord

2015年2月8日

2025年7月18日

第3814天

每天持续行动学外语