全球首个计划整体迁移的国家

近日，为应对气候变化，太平洋岛国图瓦卢将“举国迁移”。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What is the primary purpose of the article?

A. To introduce Australia's immigration policies regarding Pacific nations

B. To explain how climate change is forcing Tuvalu to initiate a structured national relocation plan

C. To present the results of a scientific study on rising sea levels in Oceania

D. To highlight Tuvalu's contributions to Australian society

无注释原文：

The First Planned Migration of an Entire Country Is Underway

From: WIRED

Tuvalu is preparing to carry out the first planned migration of an entire country in response to the effects of climate change. Recent studies project that much of its territory could be submerged in the next 25 years due to rising sea levels, forcing its inhabitants to consider migration as an urgent survival measure.

This island nation in Oceania is made up of nine coral islands and atolls inhabited by just over 11,000 people. The country's average altitude is just 2 meters above sea level, making it extremely vulnerable to rising oceans, flooding, and storm surges, all exacerbated by the climate crisis.

A study by NASA's Sea Level Change Team revealed that, in 2023, the sea level in Tuvalu was 15 centimeters higher than the average recorded over the previous three decades. If this trend continues, it's projected that most of the territory, including its critical infrastructure, will be below the high-tide level by 2050.

In the face of this existential threat, an unprecedented climate visa program has begun. In 2023, Tuvalu and Australia signed the Falepili Union Treaty, an agreement that provides for a migration scheme that will allow 280 Tuvaluans per year to settle in Australia as permanent residents.

The visas will be allocated through a ballot system and will grant beneficiaries the same health, education, housing, and employment rights enjoyed by Australian citizens. In addition, Tuvaluans will retain the ability to return to their home country if conditions permit.

The first stage of applications was open from June 16 to July 18. “We received extremely high levels of interest in the ballot with 8,750 registrations, which includes family members of primary registrants,” the Australian High Commission in Tuvalu said in a statement on July 23. The first cohort of 280 people will be drawn via a ballot on July 25, the high commission says.

“When combined with other Pacific pathways to Australia and New Zealand, nearly 4 percent of the population could migrate each year,” says Jane McAdam, a fellow at the Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law at UNSW Sydney, writing in the Conversation. “Within a decade, close to 40 percent of the population could have moved—although some people may return home or go backwards and forwards.”

Penny Wong, Australia's foreign minister, said in a statement that the program gives Tuvaluans a chance to settle in Australia “with dignity as climate impacts worsen.” She added that this initiative reflects the deep trust between the two nations and that Tuvaluans are expected to make a valuable contribution to Australian society.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

The First Planned Migration of an Entire Country Is Underway

From: WIRED

Tuvalu is preparing to carry out the first planned migration of an entire country in response to the effects of climate change. Recent studies project that much of its territory could be submerged in the next 25 years due to rising sea levels, forcing its inhabitants to consider migration as an urgent survival measure.

为应对气候变化的威胁，图瓦卢正筹划开展人类历史上首次整国迁移。最新研究显示，由于海平面持续上升，该国大部分国土可能在25年内被海水吞没，促使居民必须将迁移视为迫在眉睫的生存对策。

migration /maɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“（动物应季节变化而作出的）迁徙，移栖”，英文解释为“the process of animals travelling to a different place, usually when the season changes”举个🌰：Christmas Island is known for its annual migration of 50 million bright red land crabs from the forest to the sea. 圣诞岛闻名于世的奇观是岛上的五千万只鲜红色陆蟹每年会从森林向海里移栖。

2）表示“（通常指大批）迁移，移居”，英文解释为“the process of people travelling to a new place to live, usually in large numbers”举个🌰：There was a mass migration of poverty-stricken farmers into the cities. 贫困的农民大量迁入城市。

project /ˈprɒdʒ.ekt/ 1）表示“放映；投射（影、像或光）”，英文解释为“to cause a film, image, or light to appear on a screen or other surface”举个🌰：Laser images were projected onto a screen. 激光图像被投射到了屏幕上。

2）表示“预计，推算”，英文解释为“to calculate an amount or number expected in the future from information already known”举个🌰：The spending is projected to rise by three percent next year. 明年支出预计将增加3%。

3）表示“投射（自己的感觉给别人）”，英文解释为“to wrongly imagine that someone else is feeling a particular emotion or desire when in fact it is you who feels this way”举个🌰：I suspect he's projecting his fears onto you. 我猜他是把他的恐惧投射到你身上了。

4）表示“向别人表现（某种品质）”，英文解释为“If you project a particular quality, that quality is what most people notice about you.”举个🌰：Recently she has sought to project a much tougher image. 最近她努力塑造一个更强硬的形象。

territory /ˈter.ɪ.tər.i/ 表示“领土；领域；领地；活动范围”，英文解释为“(an area of) land, or sometimes sea, that is considered as belonging to or connected with a particular country or person”举个🌰：He was shot down in enemy territory. 他在敌方领土上被击落。

📍《消失的她》你觉得怎么样？文中也出现了这个词：Chinese mystery drama “Lost in the Stars” was the top-grossing film on the planet over the latest weekend – despite playing only a single territory. 尽管只在一个地区上映，中国悬疑电影《消失的她》（Lost in the Stars）上周末仍成为全球票房收入最高的电影。其中，playing only a single territory表示这部电影仅在一个特定的地区或市场上映，而没有在其他地方上映。这是一种特殊的用法，可能在标准的英语语法中看起来有些不寻常，但在电影行业的上下文中是常见的。在这个上下文中，说一部电影plays a territory就是说该电影在某个地区被上映或展示。当然，你也可以使用介词，比如说playing in a single territory，这样的表达方式也是正确的，意思完全相同。但在电影行业的行话或者新闻报道中，常常会省略介词，因为这样的说法更简洁。

submerge /səbˈmɜːdʒ/ 1）表示“（使）潜入水中，（使）没入水中；浸没”，英文解释为“to go below or make something go below the surface of the sea or a river or lake”举个🌰：The submarine submerged when enemy planes were sighted. 潜艇发现敌机后马上下潜。

2）表示“湮没，湮灭；掩盖”，英文解释为“to cover or hide something completely”举个🌰：She has submerged her identity in the role of photographer's wife and muse. 她完全湮没了自我，全心全意地做摄影师的妻子并为他提供艺术灵感。

inhabitant /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/ 表示“（某地的）居民，栖居动物”，英文解释为“a person or animal that lives in a particular place”如：a city of five million inhabitants 拥有500万居民的城市。

This island nation in Oceania is made up of nine coral islands and atolls inhabited by just over 11,000 people. The country's average altitude is just 2 meters above sea level, making it extremely vulnerable to rising oceans, flooding, and storm surges, all exacerbated by the climate crisis.

图瓦卢位于大洋洲，由九个珊瑚岛和环礁构成，总人口刚刚超过1.1万人。由于全国平均海拔仅为2米，在气候危机问题加剧下，该国极易受到海平面上升、洪水和风暴潮的影响。

coral /ˈkɒr.əl/ 表示“珊瑚”，英文解释为“a substance like rock, formed in the sea by groups of particular types of small animal, often used in jewellery”如：a coral bracelet/necklace 珊瑚手镯/项链。

atoll /ˈæt.ɒl/ 表示“环状珊瑚岛，环礁”，英文解释为“a ring-shaped island formed of coral (= rock-like natural substance) that surrounds a lagoon (= area of sea water)”如：the Bikini Atoll 比基尼岛环礁。

altitude /ˈæl.tɪ.tʃuːd/ 表示“海拔；海拔高度；高程”，英文解释为“the height above sea level”举个🌰：We are flying at an altitude of 6 000 metres. 我们的飞行高度是6 000米。

区分：

📍latitude：the distance of a place north or south of the equator (= the line around the world dividing north and south) , measured in degrees 纬度;

📍longitude：the distance of a place east or west of the Greenwich meridian , measured in degrees 经度。

exacerbate /ɪɡˈzæsəˌbeɪt/ 表示“使恶化；使加重”，英文解释为“to make a bad situation worse”举个🌰：She didn't want to exacerbate the situation. 她不想使情况变得更糟。

🎬电影《僵尸肖恩》（Shaun of the Dead）中的台词提到：And that will exacerbate things for all of us. 那会使我们事情恶化的。

A study by NASA's Sea Level Change Team revealed that, in 2023, the sea level in Tuvalu was 15 centimeters higher than the average recorded over the previous three decades. If this trend continues, it's projected that most of the territory, including its critical infrastructure, will be below the high-tide level by 2050.

美国国家航空航天局（NASA）海平面变化团队的一项研究显示，2023年图瓦卢的海平面比过去三十年的平均水平高出15厘米。如果这一趋势持续，到2050年，该国大部分地区，包括关键基础设施，预计将位于海水高潮线以下。

美式 centimeter 英式 centimetre /ˈsen.tɪˌmiː.tər/ 表示“厘米，公分”，英文解释为“a unit of length equal to 0.01 of a metre”

high tide /ˌhaɪ ˈtaɪd/ 表示“（海水或河水的）高潮，满潮”，英文解释为“the time when the sea or a river reaches its highest level and comes furthest up the beach or the bank”

In the face of this existential threat, an unprecedented climate visa program has begun. In 2023, Tuvalu and Australia signed the Falepili Union Treaty, an agreement that provides for a migration scheme that will allow 280 Tuvaluans per year to settle in Australia as permanent residents.

为应对存亡危机，图瓦卢和澳大利亚于2023年签署了《法莱皮利联盟条约》，推出首个“气候签证”计划，每年将允许280位图瓦卢居民作为永久居民迁入澳大利亚。

unprecedented /ʌnˈpres.ɪ.den.tɪd/ 表示“史无前例的，空前的；绝无仅有的”，英文解释为“never having happened or existed in the past”举个🌰：This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale. 环境在本世纪遭到了空前的破坏。

词源和词根："un-"是"不"的意思，"precedented"来自拉丁语的"praecedere"，意为"走在前面"。派生词：unprecedentedly，常用短语：unprecedented event 空前的事件。

🎬电影《星运里的错》（The Fault in Our Stars）中的台词提到：You are so busy being you that you have no idea how utterly unprecedented you are. 你太忙于做自己 都没有意识到自己是那么的令人心动。

visa /ˈviːzə/ 表示“（护照的）签证”，英文解释为“a stamp or mark put in your passport by officials of a foreign country that gives you permission to enter, pass through or leave their country”如：to apply for a visa 申请签证。

treaty /ˈtriː.ti/ 表示“条约；协定”，英文解释为“a written agreement between two or more countries, formally approved and signed by their leaders”如：a peace treaty 和平条约。

The visas will be allocated through a ballot system and will grant beneficiaries the same health, education, housing, and employment rights enjoyed by Australian citizens. In addition, Tuvaluans will retain the ability to return to their home country if conditions permit.

这些签证将通过抽签方式分配，持有者可享有与澳大利亚公民同等的医疗、教育、住房与就业保障。同时，图瓦卢民众也保留在条件允许时返回祖国的权利。

ballot /ˈbælət/ 1）表示“无记名投票”，英文解释为“A ballot is a secret vote in which people select a candidate in an election, or express their opinion about something.”举个🌰：The result of the ballot will not be known for two weeks. 本次无记名投票的结果将在两周后才会揭晓。

2）表示“选票”，英文解释为“A ballot is a piece of paper on which you indicate your choice or opinion in a secret vote.”举个🌰：Election boards will count the ballots by hand. 选举委员会将手工清点选票。

beneficiary /ˌben.əˈfɪʃ.ər.i/ 表示“受益人”，英文解释为“a person or group who receives money, advantages, etc. as a result of something else”举个🌰：Her wife was the chief beneficiary of her will. 她丈夫是她的遗嘱的主要受益人。

The first stage of applications was open from June 16 to July 18. “We received extremely high levels of interest in the ballot with 8,750 registrations, which includes family members of primary registrants,” the Australian High Commission in Tuvalu said in a statement on July 23. The first cohort of 280 people will be drawn via a ballot on July 25, the high commission says.

首轮签证申请于6月16日至7月18日开放。澳大利亚驻图瓦卢高级委员会7月23日发表声明称，此次抽签吸引了强烈关注，共有8750人报名，包括许多家庭成员。首批280名受益者将于7月25日由抽签产生。

cohort /ˈkoʊ.hɔːrt/ 表示“有共同特点（通常指年龄）的一群人”，英文解释为“a group of people who share a characteristic, usually age”举个🌰：This study followed up a cohort of 100 patients aged 65+ for six months after their discharge home. 这项研究对100位年龄在65岁以上、出院回家的患者进行了6个月的跟踪观察。

📍词根“co-”表示“共同”，“hort”来自拉丁语“cohors”，意味着“围栏，团体”，整体意思是一群共同被“围栏”起来的人，即共同经历某事的一组人。常用短语：Birth cohort（出生队列）：指在同一时间段出生的人群，常用于研究随时间变化的健康模式或疾病趋势。Cohort study（队列研究）：一种观察性研究，跟踪并分析特定特征的一组人随时间的变化。

“When combined with other Pacific pathways to Australia and New Zealand, nearly 4 percent of the population could migrate each year,” says Jane McAdam, a fellow at the Kaldor Centre for International Refugee Law at UNSW Sydney, writing in the Conversation. “Within a decade, close to 40 percent of the population could have moved—although some people may return home or go backwards and forwards.”

“如果加上通往澳大利亚和新西兰的其他太平洋迁移路径，每年将有近4%的人口迁移，”悉尼新南威尔士大学卡尔多国际难民法中心研究员简·麦克亚当（Jane McAdam）在《The Conversation》网站撰文指出。“若以十年计，累计或有近四成人口迁出，尽管其中一部分人可能会返回祖国或在两地之间往返。”

Penny Wong, Australia's foreign minister, said in a statement that the program gives Tuvaluans a chance to settle in Australia “with dignity as climate impacts worsen.” She added that this initiative reflects the deep trust between the two nations and that Tuvaluans are expected to make a valuable contribution to Australian society.

澳大利亚外长黄英贤在声明中表示，随着气候影响日益严重，该计划为图瓦卢民众提供了有尊严地移居澳大利亚的机会。她还指出，这项计划体现了两国间的深厚互信，也期待图瓦卢民众能为澳大利亚社会带来积极贡献。

dignity /ˈdɪɡ.nə.ti/ 表示“庄重，端庄；尊严”，英文解释为“calm, serious, and controlled behaviour that makes people respect you”举个🌰：He is a man of dignity and calm determination. 他是个沉稳、冷静而果断的人。

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