海啸！

近日，俄罗斯勘察加半岛东岸远海发生8.7级强震。地震触发太平洋多国海啸警报，波及俄罗斯远东、日本、美国夏威夷、阿拉斯加、智利等地区。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the article, what feature made the North Pacific earthquake particularly dangerous?

A. Its depth and proximity to urban centers

B. Its unusual seismic pattern and unpredictability

C. Its large magnitude and location in shallow waters

D. Its capacity to trigger volcanic eruptions

无注释原文：

What to Know About the Pacific Tsunami

From: The New York Times

From Japan to Hawaii and California, people were tracking the effects of a tsunami after a powerful earthquake struck overnight in the North Pacific off the coast of Russia's Far East.

Hawaii and parts of California spent hours under a tsunami warning, with officials urging residents to stay away from shorelines and seek shelter on higher ground. The waves first hit California around 1 a.m. local time.

By Wednesday morning, many official tsunami warnings had been downgraded to advisories, with minimal damage and no reported deaths.

Still, officials warned people to stay away from beaches and out of the water as Hawaii and parts of the California coast braced for what could be 24 hours of surging waves and tidal swells. Here's what to know:

What triggered this tsunami?

An 8.8-magnitude earthquake struck off Russia's eastern coast in shallow waters of the North Pacific on Tuesday morning, causing significant aftershocks and damage to structures in Russia, and setting off a ripple of tsunami warnings from Japan to the California coast, as well as Central and Latin America.

If the quake's magnitude is confirmed by scientists, it will be one of the largest ever recorded.

What damage has the tsunami caused?

As of early Wednesday morning Pacific time, damage in the United States was minimal after the first waves arrived in Hawaii and across the West Coast. In Hawaii, a tsunami warning was downgraded to an advisory after officials said the biggest waves had likely passed and major flooding was not likely.

In Oregon and California, officials urged residents to stay vigilant even as warnings were downgraded, saying that dangerous currents could still occur in the water, and waves could continue to surge through the night.

In Russia, the earthquake damaged structures and caused cliff faces to collapse into the sea. Videos from the area showed homes and other structures shaking violently and buildings awash in seawater.

There have been no reports of injuries or deaths caused by the tsunami so far.

What do I do during an earthquake or tsunami?

During an earthquake, drop to the ground, cover your body to prevent injuries (by crawling under a table, for example) and hold on, according to the Earthquake Country Alliance.

If you are notified that an earthquake may have set off a tsunami in your area, heed the instructions you are given. Move as high and as far inland as you can.

But don't wait around for a notification if you notice something is amiss — even a couple of minutes can make a life-or-death difference, Ms. von Hillebrandt-Andrade said. “You have to recognize the natural warning signs,” she said. “If you feel an earthquake that is so strong that you can't stay on your feet and you live in a coastal area, you have to self-evacuate.”

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

What to Know About the Pacific Tsunami

From: The New York Times

From Japan to Hawaii and California, people were tracking the effects of a tsunami after a powerful earthquake struck overnight in the North Pacific off the coast of Russia's Far East.

俄罗斯远东沿海的北太平洋海域发生强烈地震后，从日本到夏威夷和加利福尼亚，人们在追踪海啸的动态。

tsunami /tsuːˈnɑː.mi/ 表示“海啸”，英文解释为“an extremely large wave caused by a violent movement of the earth under the sea”

Pacific /pəˈsɪf.ɪk/ 表示“太平洋的”，英文解释为“belonging to or relating to the Pacific Ocean”

Hawaii and parts of California spent hours under a tsunami warning, with officials urging residents to stay away from shorelines and seek shelter on higher ground. The waves first hit California around 1 a.m. local time.

夏威夷和加利福尼亚部分地区发布了长达几个小时的海啸警报，官员敦促民众远离海岸线，前往地势较高的地方寻找躲避处。加利福尼亚已在当地时间凌晨1点左右出现了最早的海啸波。

shoreline /ˈʃɔː.laɪn/ 表示“海岸线；湖滨线；河岸线”，英文解释为“the edge of a sea, lake, or wide river”举个🌰：Oil from the wrecked tanker polluted more than 40 miles of the Normandy shoreline. 从失事油轮中溢出的石油使诺曼底海岸长达40多英里的区域受到了污染。

shelter /ˈʃel.tər/ 表示“掩蔽（处）；遮蔽（处）”，英文解释为“(a building designed to give) protection from bad weather, danger, or attack”如：an air-raid shelter 防空洞。

By Wednesday morning, many official tsunami warnings had been downgraded to advisories, with minimal damage and no reported deaths.

截至美国时间周三早上，许多地方已将海啸警报降级为海啸警告，海啸造成的损失轻微，暂无人员死亡报告。

downgrade表示“（使）降级；（使）降职；贬低；轻视”，英文解释为“to reduce someone or something to a lower rank or position, or to cause something to be considered less important or valuable”举个🌰：My job's been downgraded to that of ordinary editor. 我已经被降为普通编辑了。

区分：

📍degrade作动词，表示“降低…身份；侮辱…的人格；使受屈辱”，英文解释为：to show or treat sb in a way that makes them seem not worth any respect or not worth taking seriously，举个🌰：This poster is offensive and degrades women. 这张海报冒失无礼，有辱女性尊严。

📍degrade还可以表示“降解，自然分解”，英文解释为“(of a substance) to change into a more simple chemical structure”

advisory /ədˈvaɪ.zər.i/ 表示“给予意见的”，英文解释为“giving advice”举个🌰：She is employed by the president in an advisory capacity. 她被总裁聘为顾问。

作名词，表示“报告；公告；警告”，英文解释为“an official announcement that contains advice, information, or a warning”如：weather/travel advisories 天气报告/旅游公告。

Still, officials warned people to stay away from beaches and out of the water as Hawaii and parts of the California coast braced for what could be 24 hours of surging waves and tidal swells. Here's what to know:

尽管如此，官员们仍警告人们远离海滩，不要下海活动，夏威夷和加利福尼亚部分海岸为可能持续24小时的巨浪和潮涌严阵以待。以下是你应该知道的：

作名词，表示“箍子；夹子；支架”英文解释为“a device that holds things firmly together or holds and supports them in position”

作动词，brace for 表示“作准备，准备迎接（令人不快的事）”，英文解释为“to mentally or physically prepare yourself or someone else for something unpleasant that is going to happen”举个🌰：They are bracing themselves for a long legal battle. 他们在为漫长的法律诉讼作准备。

📍C罗等球员在脸上涂口红反对家暴文中提到，brace作名词，还可以表示“（尤指猎获的野鸟的）一双，一对”，英文解释为“two things of the same type, especially two wild birds that have been killed for sport or food”，如：a brace of pheasants 一对野鸡；

📍The word “brace” in the English language means “two” or a “pair”. When the term “brace” is used in soccer, it is referring to the act of one player scoring 2 goals in a single game. If a player has “scored a brace” it means they have scored twice. 在体育比赛中，也有成双成对的含义，指的就是“两个球”相当于two goals，因此，score a brace或者make a brace就有进两个球的意思，也就是我们常听到新闻报道中出现的“梅开二度”。

surge /sɜːdʒ/ 1）作动词，表示“急剧上升；飞涨；剧增”，英文解释为“If something surges, it increases suddenly and greatly, after being steady or developing only slowly.”举个🌰：The company's profits have surged. 公司的利润激增。

2）表示“涌动，蜂拥向前”，英文解释为“to move quickly and powerfully”举个🌰：An angry crowd surged through the gates of the president's palace. 愤怒的人群涌进了总统府的大门。

3）作名词，表示“剧增”，英文解释为“A surge is a sudden large increase in something that has previously been steady, or has only increased or developed slowly.”举个🌰：An unexpected surge in electrical power caused the computer to crash. 突然出现的电压剧增导致电脑死机。

🎬电影《雷神2：黑暗世界》（Thor: The Dark World）中的台词提到：But she will not survive the amount of energy surging within her. 但她体内涌动的能量太大 她撑不住的。

tidal /ˈtaɪ.dəl/ 表示“有潮的；受潮汐影响的”，英文解释为“relating to the tide”如：a tidal river 感潮河。

swell /swel/ 作动词，表示“使增大；增大；肿胀，肿，膨胀”，英文解释为“to become larger and rounder than usual; to (cause to) increase in size or amount”举个🌰：Last year's profits were swelled by a fall in production costs. 去年因生产成本下降，利润有所增加。

作名词，1）表示“（缓慢的）波涛起伏；涌浪；海浪的涌动”，英文解释为“the slow up and down movement of the sea with large but smooth waves”，举个🌰：The boat was caught in a heavy (= strong) swell. 船遇上了大浪涌。

2）表示“增加；增大；扩大；增强”，英文解释为“a situation in which sth increases in size, number, strength, etc.”如：a growing swell of support 越来越多的支持，a swell of pride 自豪感的增强。

What triggered this tsunami? 是什么原因引发了这次海啸？

An 8.8-magnitude earthquake struck off Russia's eastern coast in shallow waters of the North Pacific on Tuesday morning, causing significant aftershocks and damage to structures in Russia, and setting off a ripple of tsunami warnings from Japan to the California coast, as well as Central and Latin America.

俄罗斯远东海岸附近的北太平洋浅水区于周二早上发生8.8级地震，并伴有强烈余震，导致俄罗斯境内建筑物损毁，同时引发了从日本到加州海岸，乃至中美洲和拉丁美洲的一系列海啸警报。

trigger /ˈtrɪɡ.ər/ 1）作动词，除了表示“发动；引起；触发”，英文解释为“to make sth happen suddenly”举个🌰：Nuts can trigger off a violent allergic reaction. 坚果可以引起严重的过敏反应。

2）作名词，表示“扳机”，英文解释为“The trigger of a gun is a small lever which you pull to fire it.”举个🌰：A man pointed a gun at them and pulled the trigger. 一个男人用枪指着他们，扣动了扳机。

类似的还有：

📍stir表示“激发，激起（强烈的感情）；引起（强烈的反应）”，英文解释为“to make someone have a strong feeling or reaction”举个🌰：The poem succeeds in stirring the imagination. 这首诗能够激发起想象力。

📍provoke也表示“激起，引起”，英文解释为“to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one”，如：provoke debate/discussion 激起辩论/讨论。

📍spur 鼓动；激励；鞭策；刺激；鼓舞”，英文解释为“If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.”举个🌰：It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats. 是金钱驱使这些渔民驾驶单薄的小船冒险出海远航。

🎬电影《龙之心3：巫师的诅咒》（Dragonheart 3: The Sorcerer's Curse）中的台词提到：To spur the clans to war. 激励部族发起战争。

magnitude /ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd/ 1）表示“（尺寸、规模、重要性等）大的程度；巨大；重大，重要性”，英文解释为“the large size or importance of something”举个🌰：They don't seem to grasp the magnitude of the problem. 他们似乎未领会问题的重要性。

2）表示“震级”（the size of an earthquake）

1）表示“涟漪；微波；细浪”，英文解释为“a small wave on the surface of water”举个🌰：The stone she threw caused ripples to spread across the lake. 她扔了一块石头，湖面泛起阵阵涟漪。

2）表示“（声音的）传播起伏；（感情的）逐渐扩散”，英文解释为“a sound or feeling that spreads through a person or group of people, gradually increasing and then becoming smaller”如：A ripple of laughter/applause 一阵阵笑声/掌声。

补充：

📍ripple effect表示“连锁反应”，英文解释为“a situation in which one event produces effects which spread and produce further effects”举个🌰：The bank crash has had a ripple effect on the whole community. 银行的破产在整个社区引起了连锁反应。

If the quake's magnitude is confirmed by scientists, it will be one of the largest ever recorded.

如果科学家们最终修订的震级也是8.8级的话，这将成为有记录以来最强烈的地震之一。

What damage has the tsunami caused? 这次海啸已造成哪些破坏？

As of early Wednesday morning Pacific time, damage in the United States was minimal after the first waves arrived in Hawaii and across the West Coast. In Hawaii, a tsunami warning was downgraded to an advisory after officials said the biggest waves had likely passed and major flooding was not likely.

截至美国太平洋时间周三凌晨，第一波海啸在夏威夷和西海岸沿线出现后造成的损失微乎其微。夏威夷的海啸警报已降级为警告，官员们此前表示，最大的海啸波可能已经过去，不太可能发生大规模的水灾。

as of/from表示“自…起；到...时候为止”，英文解释为“starting from a particular time or date”举个🌰：As of next month, all the airline's fares will be going up. 自下月起，所有航空公司的机票价格都将上调。

In Oregon and California, officials urged residents to stay vigilant even as warnings were downgraded, saying that dangerous currents could still occur in the water, and waves could continue to surge through the night.

虽然俄勒冈州和加利福尼亚州的海啸预警级别也已降低，但官员们仍敦促民众保持警惕，海里仍可能出现危险的水流，整个夜间可能会持续出现汹涌的海涛。

vigilant /ˈvɪdʒ.əl.ənt/ 表示“警觉的；警戒的；警惕的”，英文解释为“always being careful to notice things, especially possible danger”举个🌰：Following the bomb scare at the airport, the staff have been warned to be extra vigilant. 机场的炸弹恐吓事件之后，全体员工都被告诫要格外警惕。

In Russia, the earthquake damaged structures and caused cliff faces to collapse into the sea. Videos from the area showed homes and other structures shaking violently and buildings awash in seawater.

在俄罗斯，地震导致建筑物损毁，悬崖坍塌坠入海中。来自地震灾区的视频显示，住宅和其他建筑物剧烈摇晃，一些房屋遭海水浸灌。

cliff /klɪf/ 表示“（常指海岸的）悬崖，峭壁”，英文解释为“a high area of rock with a very steep side, often on a coast”举个🌰：Keep away from the edge of the cliff - you might fall. 离悬崖边远一点——会掉下去的。

awash /əˈwɒʃ/ 表示“（尤指被水）淹没的，漫过的”，英文解释为“covered with a liquid, especially water”举个🌰：By the time I discovered the problem, the floor was awash. 等到我发现这个问题时，地板已经泡在水里了。

2）表示“充满的；充斥的；泛滥的”，英文解释为“having an amount of something that is very large or larger than necessary or wanted”举个🌰：The city is awash with drugs and the police are powerless to do anything about it. 该城市毒品泛滥，警方对此束手无策。

🎬电影《猜火车》（Trainspotting）中的台词提到：The streets are awash with drugs you can have for unhappiness and pain, and we took them all. 失眠 失业 失恋什么都有的医（充满各种各样的药）我们当然照单全收。

There have been no reports of injuries or deaths caused by the tsunami so far.

目前尚无海啸造成人员伤亡的报告。

What do I do during an earthquake or tsunami? 地震或海啸发生时应该如何应对？

During an earthquake, drop to the ground, cover your body to prevent injuries (by crawling under a table, for example) and hold on, according to the Earthquake Country Alliance.

据地震国家联盟建议，地震发生时要“趴下、掩护身体（比如，躲在桌子下）和抓牢”。

crawl /krɔːl/ 1）作动词，表示“缓慢移动；艰难前行；爬行；匍匐前进”，英文解释为“to move slowly or with difficulty, especially with your body stretched out along the ground or on hands and knees”举个🌰：The child crawled across the floor. 那个孩子爬过了地板。

2）作名词，crawl /krɔːl/ 表示“自由泳；爬泳”，英文解释为“a style of swimming in which you move your arms over your head and kick with straight legs”

If you are notified that an earthquake may have set off a tsunami in your area, heed the instructions you are given. Move as high and as far inland as you can.

如果你接到通知说，地震可能在你所在地区引发海啸，要听从通知的指示。向尽可能高、离海岸线尽可能远的地方撤离。

heed /hiːd/ 表示“注意，听从（尤指建议或警告）”，英文解释为“to pay attention to something, especially advice or a warning”举个🌰：The airline has been criticized for failing to heed advice/warnings about lack of safety routines. 该航空公司因没有理会针对其日常安全工作不力提出的建议/警告而受到了批评。

But don't wait around for a notification if you notice something is amiss — even a couple of minutes can make a life-or-death difference, Ms. von Hillebrandt-Andrade said. “You have to recognize the natural warning signs,” she said. “If you feel an earthquake that is so strong that you can't stay on your feet and you live in a coastal area, you have to self-evacuate.”

但如果你注意到有什么不对头的话，不要等通知——生死可能就是那么几分钟的时间，冯·希勒布兰特-安德拉德说。“要会识别自然预警信号，”她说。“如果你住在沿海地区，那里发生了大地震，强度大到让你站不稳的话，你需要自主撤离。”

amiss /əˈmɪs/ 表示“不对的；不合适的；不正常的”，英文解释为“wrong, not suitable, or not as expected”举个🌰：I could see by the look on their faces that something was amiss. 我从他们的神情上看出，有什么事情出了差错。

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