每天快走15分钟有好处！

近日，最新研究发现，每天只需快走15分钟，即可显著降低低收入人群的全因死亡率近20%。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. The study suggests that three hours of slow walking daily resulted in:

A) Greater mortality reduction than 15 minutes of fast walking.

B) No measurable health benefits.

C) A smaller mortality reduction than fast walking.

D) Equal benefits to high-intensity exercise.

无注释原文：

Walk faster, live longer: How just 15 minutes a day can boost lifespan

From: Science Daily

Regular walking is widely recognized for its significant benefits to overall health and well-being. Previous research has primarily focused on middle-to-high-income White populations. Now, a novel analysis using data from the Southern Community Cohort Study, involving 79,856 predominantly low-income and Black individuals across 12 southeastern US states, confirms the benefits of regular walking, especially at a faster pace, within a crucial, underrepresented group. The new study underscores the importance of promoting walking, particularly at a brisk pace, as an effective form of physical activity for improving health.

While the health benefits of daily walking are well-established, limited research has investigated effects of factors such as walking pace on mortality, particularly in low-income and Black/African-American populations.

The research has shown that fast walking as little as 15 minutes a day was associated with a nearly 20% reduction in total mortality, while a smaller reduction in mortality was found in association with more than three hours of daily slow walking. This benefit remained strong even after accounting for other lifestyle factors and was consistent across various sensitivity analyses.

Participants reported the average amount of time per day (minutes) they typically spend "walking slowly (such as moving around, walking at work, walking the dog, or engaging in light exercise)" and "walking fast (such as climbing stairs, brisk walking, or exercising)." Information regarding vital status and cause of death was obtained by linking the cohort to the National Death Index.

Low-income populations often face economic constraints and are more likely to reside in impoverished, highly polluted communities with limited access to safe walking spaces. Additionally, these populations tend to have a higher prevalence of lifestyle behaviors that may increase disease risk and mortality, such as lower quality diet, cigarette smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption.

At the same time, there are other challenges for individuals with low income such as lack of access to health insurance or healthcare that may also increase mortality. These factors collectively contribute to an increased mortality among low-income individuals and may potentially elucidate the racial disparities observed in longevity. By demonstrating the benefits of fast walking in this study, this research provides direct evidence to inform targeted interventions and policies to improve health equity.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Walk faster, live longer: How just 15 minutes a day can boost lifespan

From: Science Daily

Regular walking is widely recognized for its significant benefits to overall health and well-being. Previous research has primarily focused on middle-to-high-income White populations. Now, a novel analysis using data from the Southern Community Cohort Study, involving 79,856 predominantly low-income and Black individuals across 12 southeastern US states, confirms the benefits of regular walking, especially at a faster pace, within a crucial, underrepresented group. The new study underscores the importance of promoting walking, particularly at a brisk pace, as an effective form of physical activity for improving health.

步行锻炼对健康的益处早已广为人知。然而过往研究多聚焦中高收入白人群体。最新研究通过分析美国东南部12个州79,856名以低收入非裔为主的“南方社区队列研究”数据，证实了步行（特别是快走）对这个重要且被忽视群体的健康价值。该研究突显了推广步行（特别是快走）作为改善健康的高效运动方式的重要意义。

cohort /ˈkoʊ.hɔːrt/ 表示“有共同特点（通常指年龄）的一群人”，英文解释为“a group of people who share a characteristic, usually age”举个🌰：This study followed up a cohort of 100 patients aged 65+ for six months after their discharge home. 这项研究对100位年龄在65岁以上、出院回家的患者进行了6个月的跟踪观察。

📍词根“co-”表示“共同”，“hort”来自拉丁语“cohors”，意味着“围栏，团体”，整体意思是一群共同被“围栏”起来的人，即共同经历某事的一组人。常用短语：Birth cohort（出生队列）：指在同一时间段出生的人群，常用于研究随时间变化的健康模式或疾病趋势。Cohort study（队列研究）：一种观察性研究，跟踪并分析特定特征的一组人随时间的变化。

predominantly /prɪˈdɒm.ɪ.nənt.li/ 表示“占主导地位地；占绝大多数地；显著地”，英文解释为“mostly or mainly”如：a predominantly Muslim community 穆斯林占绝大多数的社区，举个🌰：She is predominantly a dancer, but she also sings. 她主要是跳舞，但也唱歌。

under-represented /ˌʌn.də.rep.rɪˈzen.tɪd/ 表示“未被充分代表的；代表名额不足的”，英文解释为“If a type of person or thing is under-represented in a group or organization, there are not enough of them in it.”举个🌰：Hispanics are under-represented in US political institutions. 在美国的政治机构中缺乏代表西班牙裔的人士。

underscore /ˌʌn.dəˈskɔːr/ 表示“突出显示；强调”，英文解释为“If something such as an action or an event underscores another, it draws attention to the other thing and emphasizes its importance.”举个🌰：The figures underscore the state of the economic recovery.数据突出显示了经济复苏的状态。

🎬电影《笔下求生》（Stranger Than Fiction）中的台词提到：lts desperate attempts to escape... only underscore the hopelessness of its plight. 它绝望的挣扎 只能强调它无望的处境。

brisk /brɪsk/ 表示“轻快的，生气勃勃的”，英文解释为“quick, energetic, and active”如：a brisk walk 轻快的步伐。

📍brisk walk 表示「快步走」，一种有氧运动，比普通步行速度快，但不至于跑步。

While the health benefits of daily walking are well-established, limited research has investigated effects of factors such as walking pace on mortality, particularly in low-income and Black/African-American populations.

虽然每日步行对健康的益处已得到充分证实，但关于步行速度等具体因素如何影响死亡率——尤其是对低收入和黑人/非裔人群的影响——相关研究仍属空白。

well established /ˌwel ɪˈstæb.lɪʃt/ 表示“得到确认的；公认的”，英文解释为“having a recognized position, or being generally known about”举个🌰：The rules, though not written down, are fairly well established. 那些规则虽然没有写下来，却是得到公认的。

mortality /mɔːˈtælɪtɪ/ 表示“死亡数量；死亡率”，英文解释为“the number of deaths in a particular situation or period of time”

区分：

📍morbidity /mɔːˈbɪdɪtɪ/ 表示“发病（率）”，英文解释为“the morbidity of a disease is how many people have it in a particular population”

The research has shown that fast walking as little as 15 minutes a day was associated with a nearly 20% reduction in total mortality, while a smaller reduction in mortality was found in association with more than three hours of daily slow walking. This benefit remained strong even after accounting for other lifestyle factors and was consistent across various sensitivity analyses.

研究表明，每天仅需快走15分钟就与全因死亡率降低近20%呈相关性，而即便每日慢走超过三小时，其效果也相形见绌。即使在考虑其他生活方式因素后，这种益处仍较为突出，并且在各种敏感性分析中依然稳健成立。

sensitivity /ˌsen.sɪˈtɪv.ə.ti/ 表示“敏感性；灵敏度（记录重量、温度等的微小变化的能力）”，英文解释为“the ability to record small changes in weight, temperature, etc.”举个🌰：The sensitivity of the machine provides us with extremely accurate data. 这个机器很灵敏，给我们提供了极为准确的数据。

Participants reported the average amount of time per day (minutes) they typically spend "walking slowly (such as moving around, walking at work, walking the dog, or engaging in light exercise)" and "walking fast (such as climbing stairs, brisk walking, or exercising)." Information regarding vital status and cause of death was obtained by linking the cohort to the National Death Index.

参与者报告了他们通常每天“慢走（如四处走动、工作中行走、遛狗或进行轻度运动）”和“快走（如爬楼梯、快步走或锻炼）”的平均时间（分钟）。通过将该群体与国家死亡指数关联，获得了有关生存状态及死亡原因的信息。

vital /ˈvaɪ.təl/ 1）表示“必不可少的；极其重要的”，英文解释为“necessary for the success or continued existence of something； extremely important”举个🌰：She had found out some information of vital importance. 她已经查出了一些极为重要的信息。

2）表示“生机勃勃的；充满生气的”，英文解释为“energetic”举个🌰：He had never felt so vital and full of life. 他从来没有像现在一样感到如此精神焕发，充满活力。

3）表示“生命的”，英文解释为“relating to life”

Low-income populations often face economic constraints and are more likely to reside in impoverished, highly polluted communities with limited access to safe walking spaces. Additionally, these populations tend to have a higher prevalence of lifestyle behaviors that may increase disease risk and mortality, such as lower quality diet, cigarette smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption.

低收入群体不仅受经济条件制约，往往还聚居在贫困、高度污染、安全步行空间有限的社区。此外，这类人群普遍存在可能增加患病和死亡风险的生活方式行为，例如饮食质量较低、吸烟和酗酒。

constraint /kənˈstreɪnt/ 表示“限制；束缚；约束”，英文解释为“something that controls what you do by keeping you within particular limits”举个🌰：The constraints of politeness wouldn't allow her to say what she really thought about his cooking. 出于礼貌，她不会说出自己对他的厨艺的真实看法。

reside /rɪˈzaɪd/ 表示“居住；定居”，英文解释为“to live, have your home, or stay in a place”举个🌰：The family now resides in southern France. 这家人现居住在法国南部。

impoverished /ɪmˈpɒv.ər.ɪʃt/ 1）表示“赤贫的；不名一文的”，英文解释为“very poor; without money”如：impoverished peasants 贫困的农民，impoverished counties 贫困县。

2）表示“（质量）恶化的”，英文解释为“made weaker or worse in quality”举个🌰：He warned that the breakdown of the family unit would lead to an impoverished society. 他警告说，家庭单位的解体会导致社会的衰败。

prevalence /ˈprev.əl.əns/ 表示“流行，盛行；普遍，广泛”，英文解释为“the fact that something is very common or happens often”如：the prevalence of smoking among teenagers 青少年吸烟的普遍性。

At the same time, there are other challenges for individuals with low income such as lack of access to health insurance or healthcare that may also increase mortality. These factors collectively contribute to an increased mortality among low-income individuals and may potentially elucidate the racial disparities observed in longevity. By demonstrating the benefits of fast walking in this study, this research provides direct evidence to inform targeted interventions and policies to improve health equity.

与此同时，低收入人群还面临其他挑战——例如缺乏医疗保险或医疗服务——这些因素同样可能增加死亡风险。上述种种因素共同导致低收入人群死亡率升高，或许也能解释不同族裔在预期寿命方面存在的差异。本研究通过揭示快走锻炼的健康效益，为制定针对性干预措施和公共卫生政策提供了直接依据，从而助力改善健康公平性。

elucidate /ɪˈluːsɪˌdeɪt/ | 表示“阐明；解释”，英文解释为“to explain something or make something clear”举个🌰：I don't understand. You'll have to elucidate. 我不懂，你得解释一下。

disparity /dɪˈspærɪtɪ/表示“（尤指不公正的）不同，差异”，英文解释为“a difference between two or more things, especially an unfair one”，如：a disparity between the rates of pay for men and women 男性与女性在工资水平上的差异。

相反的：

📍parity表示“（尤指薪金、权利或权力的）相同，相等，同等”，英文解释为“the state of being equal, especially having equal pay, rights, or power”举个🌰：Women workers are demanding parity with their male colleagues. 女职工在要求与男同事享有同等的待遇。 还可以指两个不同国家的货币单位的“平价，等价”(equality between the units of money from two diffe-rent countries）；

📍2019年「妇女节」联合国秘书长发表讲话时，就提到：We now have gender parity among those who lead our teams around the world, and the highest-ever numbers of women in senior management. 目前在世界各地，我们已在许多团队的领导层中实现性别均等，高级管理层中的妇女人数比以往任何时候都多。

📍在2018年政府工作报告Part 5中，居民收入增长和经济增长基本同步；就处理为：Basic parity in personal income growth and economic growth.

longevity /lɒnˈdʒev.ə.ti/ 表示“长寿，长命，持久”，英文解释为“living for a long time”举个🌰：To what do you attribute your longevity? 你的长寿归功于哪些因素？

- 词汇盘点 -

- 词汇助记 By AI -

LearnAndRecord

2015年2月8日

2025年8月6日

第3833天

每天持续行动学外语