谁发明了烤肠？

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🤔️小作业：

1. Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the passage?

A. To explain the process of making Bratwurst sausages in Bavaria.

B. To explore a historical dispute over the origins of Bratwurst.

C. To compare the flavor profiles of Bavarian and Thuringian sausages.

D. To present recent archaeological findings about medieval cooking methods.

无注释原文：

German states debate who invented Bratwurst sausages

From: BBC

A row has broken out between two German states, Bavaria and Thuringia, as to who can lay claim to inventing the Bratwurst sausage.

Until now, the "Wurstkuchl" tavern in Bavaria has claimed to be "the oldest Bratwurst stand in the world."

Die Wurstkuchl is situated on the Stone Bridge in Regensburg on the Danube River. The oldest documented evidence of a cook or a food stall at the Stone Bridge is said to date back to 1378.

But now, historians in Erfurt, Thuringia's state capital, have come across a document from 1269 that mentions people who rented a building with a meat-roasting stand (Brathütte) and a roasting pan (Bräter) - more than 100 years earlier than the Regensburg sausage stand.

Historians are now looking for the site in Erfurt where the sausage stand once stood. No restaurant there has claimed the title of oldest Bratwurst stand.

Previously in Thuringia, the earliest written reference to Bratwurst dated back to 1404. It described how "1 groschen for bratwurst casings" was spent in the town of Arnstadt.

Meanwhile in Regensburg, the Wurstkuchl is continuing to make its sausages.

On their website, it says "much has remained the same" since the Middle Ages, with "the open charcoal grill, the homemade sausages made from pure pork ham, the sauerkraut from their own fermentation cellar and the well-known Wurstkuchl mustard."

In response to the report of an earlier sausage stand, the Wurstkuchl's landlady Alexandra Meier told German BR24 TV: "To be honest, it doesn't bother us at all."

She said she was proud that her family makes sausages and that people come because of the quality of the products. "I don't think people will say, 'I'm not going there anymore because it's only the second oldest."

It is not the first time there has been a row about Bratwurst.

The Bavarian towns of Regensburg and Nuremberg both used to claim the oldest sausage stand title. Eventually, a decision was ruled in Regensburg's favour.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

German states debate who invented Bratwurst sausages

From: BBC

A row has broken out between two German states, Bavaria and Thuringia, as to who can lay claim to inventing the Bratwurst sausage.

就谁发明了烤肠（Bratwurst），德国的两个州巴伐利亚州（Bavaria）与图林根州（Thuringia）爆发了争论。

row /rəʊ/ 作名词，表示“吵架；争吵；严重分歧；纠纷”，英文解释为“a noisy argument between two or more people；a serious disagreement between people, organizations, etc. about sth”举个🌰：A row has broken out over education. 在教育问题上出现了严重分歧。

作动词，表示“（尤指大声地）争吵，吵闹”，英文解释为“to argue, especially loudly”举个🌰：His parents are always rowing (about/over money). 他父母总是（为了钱的事情）吵个不休。

lay claim to sth 表示“声称…归其所有”，英文解释为“to say that you own something”举个🌰：Two companies have laid claim to the design. 两家公司都声称自己拥有此项设计的所有权。

Until now, the "Wurstkuchl" tavern in Bavaria has claimed to be "the oldest Bratwurst stand in the world."

迄今为止，位于巴伐利亚的“香肠厨”（Wurstkuchl）酒馆一直宣称自己是“世界上最古老的烤肠摊”。

tavern /ˈtæv.ən/ 表示“小酒店”，英文解释为“a place where alcohol is sold and drunk”

stand /stænd/ 作名词，1）表示“售货亭；摊位；展台”，英文解释为“a small shop or stall or an area where products can be shown, usually outside or in a large public building, at which people can buy things or get information”如：a hotdog stand 热狗摊。

2）表示“（支撑或摆放物品的）架，座，台”，英文解释为“a frame or piece of furniture for supporting or putting things on”如：a music stand 乐谱架。

3）表示“看台”，英文解释为“a large structure at a sports ground, usually with a sloping floor and sometimes a roof, where people either stand or sit to watch a sports event”

Die Wurstkuchl is situated on the Stone Bridge in Regensburg on the Danube River. The oldest documented evidence of a cook or a food stall at the Stone Bridge is said to date back to 1378.

“香肠厨”位于多瑙河畔雷根斯堡的石桥旁。据说，有关石桥上一名厨师或一个食品摊位的最早文字记载可追溯至1378年。

stall /stɔːl/ 作名词 1）表示“（房间内的）小隔间，淋浴室，洗手间”，英文解释为“a small area in a room, surrounded by glass, walls, etc., that contains a shower or toilet”

2）表示“（农场建筑中圈养单只牲畜的）隔栏，分隔间”，英文解释为“a small closed area within a farm building in which there is space for one animal to be kept”

3）表示“货摊，摊位；售货亭”，英文解释为“a large table or a small shop with an open front from which goods are sold in a public place”

作动词，1）表示“（使）（发动机）熄火”，英文解释为“If an engine stalls, or if you stall it, it stops working suddenly and without you intending it to happen.”举个🌰：A car may stall due to the driver braking too suddenly. 司机踩刹车过猛可能会导致汽车熄火。

2）表示“拖住（某人）”，英文解释为“If you stall a person, you delay them or prevent them from doing something for a period of time.”举个🌰：I managed to stall him for a few days. 我设法拖住了他几天。

3）表示“推迟，暂缓；搁置”，英文解释为“If you stall an event, you delay it or prevent it from making progress.”

But now, historians in Erfurt, Thuringia's state capital, have come across a document from 1269 that mentions people who rented a building with a meat-roasting stand (Brathütte) and a roasting pan (Bräter) - more than 100 years earlier than the Regensburg sausage stand.

但如今，图林根州首府爱尔福特的历史学家发现了一份1269年的文件，里面提到有人租用一栋房子，内有一个烤肉摊（Brathütte）和一个烤盘（Bräter）——比雷根斯堡的香肠摊早了一百多年。

roast /rəʊst/ 表示“烘；烤；焙”，英文解释为“to cook food in an oven or over a fire”举个🌰：Just roast the chicken in the oven and baste it in oil and lemon. 直接把鸡放在烤箱里烤，烤时涂上油和柠檬汁。

Historians are now looking for the site in Erfurt where the sausage stand once stood. No restaurant there has claimed the title of oldest Bratwurst stand.

历史学家现在正寻找当年在爱尔福特（Erfurt）的香肠摊所在地。不过，当地尚无任何餐厅声称自己是最古老的烤肠摊。

Previously in Thuringia, the earliest written reference to Bratwurst dated back to 1404. It described how "1 groschen for bratwurst casings" was spent in the town of Arnstadt.

此前在图林根州，最早有关烤肠的文字记载可以追溯到1404年。该记录描述了在阿恩施塔特镇（Arnstadt）“花了一格罗申（groschen）购买烤肠肠衣”。

reference /ˈref.ər.əns/ 可作动词，也可作名词，1）表示“提到；谈到；论及”，英文解释为“a mention of something”举个🌰：Knowing what had happened, I avoided making any reference to (= mentioning) weddings. 因为我知道发生了什么，所以就避开不谈婚礼的事儿。

2）表示“引文出处；参考书目；参考文献”，英文解释为“a writer or a book, article, etc. that is mentioned in a piece of writing, showing you where particular information was found”

Meanwhile in Regensburg, the Wurstkuchl is continuing to make its sausages.

与此同时在雷根斯堡，“香肠厨”仍在继续制作他们的香肠。

On their website, it says "much has remained the same" since the Middle Ages, with "the open charcoal grill, the homemade sausages made from pure pork ham, the sauerkraut from their own fermentation cellar and the well-known Wurstkuchl mustard."

其网站上写道，自中世纪以来，“许多东西保持不变”，包括“开放式木炭烤架、用纯猪后腿肉制作的自家香肠、自家发酵窖中的酸菜，以及著名的‘香肠厨 ’芥末酱”。

charcoal /ˈtʃɑː.kəʊl/ 表示“木炭；炭笔”，英文解释为“a hard, black substance similar to coal that can be used as fuel or, in the form of sticks, as something to draw with”如：charcoal for the barbecue 烧烤用的木炭。

grill /ɡrɪl/ 作动词，1）表示“（将食物置于烤箱中温度极高的炙烤架下）烧烤，烤制”，英文解释为“to cook something under a very hot surface in a cooker”举个🌰：I'll grill the bacon rather than fry it. 我会炙烤培根，而不是油煎。

2）表示“盘问，审问”，英文解释为“to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time”举个🌰：Her parents would grill her about where she'd been. 她父母会盘问她到哪儿去了。

作名词，grill /ɡrɪl/ 表示“（炉具的）烤架，焙盘”，英文解释为“the surface in a cookerthat can be heated to very high temperatures and under which you put food to be cooked”或者表示“烧烤店，烧烤餐馆”，英文解释为“an informal restaurant that sells grilled food such as hamburgers, steak, and chicken”

sauerkraut /ˈsaʊə.kraʊt/ 表示“泡菜”，英文解释为“cabbage that has been cut into small pieces and preserved in salt”

fermentation /ˌfɜː.menˈteɪ.ʃən/ 表示“发酵”，英文解释为“a process of chemical change in food or drink because of the action of yeast or bacteria, which may cause it to produce bubbles or heat, or turn sugars in it into alcohol”举个🌰：Ethanol is an alcohol produced by fermentation of sugars. 乙醇是一种由糖类发酵产生的酒精。

cellar /ˈsel.ər/ 表示“（通常用于储物的）地窖，地下室”，英文解释为“a room under the ground floor of a building, usually used for storing things”

mustard /ˈmʌs.təd/ 表示“芥末；芥子酱”，英文解释为“a thick yellow or brown sauce that tastes spicy and is eaten cold in small amounts, especially with meat”

In response to the report of an earlier sausage stand, the Wurstkuchl's landlady Alexandra Meier told German BR24 TV: "To be honest, it doesn't bother us at all."

对于出现有更早的香肠摊的报导，“香肠厨”的老板亚历山德拉·迈尔（Alexandra Meier）在接受德国BR24电视台采访时表示：“老实说，我们一点也不介意。”

landlady /ˈlændˌleɪ.di/ 表示“女房东；女地主”，英文解释为“a woman who is paid rent by people for the use of a room, building, or piece of land that she owns”或者表示“酒吧女老板，酒馆女老板”，英文解释为“a woman who is in charge of a pub or bar”

She said she was proud that her family makes sausages and that people come because of the quality of the products. "I don't think people will say, 'I'm not going there anymore because it's only the second oldest."

她说，她为自己的家族制作香肠感到自豪，人们来这里是因为产品的品质。“我不认为人们会说，‘我不去了，因为它只是第二古老的’。”

It is not the first time there has been a row about Bratwurst.

这并不是烤肠首次引发争论。

The Bavarian towns of Regensburg and Nuremberg both used to claim the oldest sausage stand title. Eventually, a decision was ruled in Regensburg's favour.

巴伐利亚的雷根斯堡和纽伦堡两座城市，曾经都声称拥有最古老香肠摊的头衔。最终雷根斯堡获得胜利。

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