鲁迅夹烟遭二次投诉

近日， 有游客两次投诉浙江省绍兴市鲁迅纪念馆内鲁迅手夹香烟的网红打卡墙，称有引导人室外聚集抽烟危害他人健康的风险，引发热议。
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🤔️小作业： 1. What role does the reference to the 2015 Lancet study play in the article? A. It provides a global context to emphasize the seriousness of smoking among Chinese men. B. It explains why smoking rates are lower among women than men in New York. C. It highlights the differences between Chinese and Korean smoking habits. D. It argues that antismoking campaigns in New York are destined to fail.

无注释原文： New York Confronts Rampant Smoking Among Chinese Men
From: The New York Times
Reflecting a global trend, Chinese men in New York City smoke at much higher rates than men or women in any other ethnic group — and deaths from lung cancer among them have soared.
As a result, the city's health department launched a public service ad campaign this month aimed specifically at Chinese men.
In its video, various men pose with their children, or in the arms of wives or girlfriends. Then, slowly, the men fade away into wisps of gray smoke.
“Every cigarette puff reduces your years shared with your loved ones,” the announcer says in Mandarin. “Stop wasting your precious life, and quit smoking now.”
Lung cancer deaths among Asian men in the city have increased 70 percent in the last 15 years, and smoking rates among them have risen even as they have declined among other ethnic groups, the health department said.
A department study of the health of Asian New Yorkers released in March found that 23 percent of local Asians smoked, versus 18 percent of whites, 17 percent of Hispanics and 14 percent of blacks.
But breakdowns by ethnicity and sex tell a more complex story. Korean and Chinese people smoke at higher rates than average, while South Asians and Filipinos smoke less often. At 27 percent, Chinese men are the city's heaviest smokers, while only 4 percent of Asian women smoke.
Two factors push up smoking rates among Chinese men in New York, said Regina F. Lee, who chairs the Asian-American Smoke-Free Community Partnership.
Cultural norms from China persist in the city because many Chinese residents are foreign-born, she said: “Sixty percent of men there smoke, while there is a stigma to women smoking.”
Also, it has long been hard for Chinese-speakers to get the help the city offers to smokers, including free nicotine patches and gum. Anyone calling the quit-smoking hotline usually got an English-speaker and had to wait while a translator was found.
“So we were delighted when the health department proposed this,” Ms. Lee said.
The hotline mentioned in the ad (1-800-838-8917) is part of the national Asian Smokers' Quitline, which is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and offers help in Mandarin, Cantonese, Korean and Vietnamese.
A 2015 study published in the Lancet found that Chinese men smoke a third of all the cigarettes in the world, and that by the year 2050, three million of them will die each year of smoking-related causes.
In New York, recent antismoking ads in English and Spanish have been much grimmer, showing people dying in misery or with amputated fingers.
“The health department did focus groups and decided to start with a slightly softer approach,” Ms. Lee said. “No one knows how the community will react.”
- ◆ - 注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考 含注释全文：
New York Confronts Rampant Smoking Among Chinese Men
From: The New York Times
Reflecting a global trend, Chinese men in New York City smoke at much higher rates than men or women in any other ethnic group — and deaths from lung cancer among them have soared .
与其他任何族裔的男性女性相比，纽约市的华裔男性有着更高的吸烟率——肺癌死亡人数也在飙升，这反映了一种全球趋势。

rampant
rampant /ˈræmpənt/ 表示“泛滥的；猖獗的”，英文解释为“existing or spreading everywhere in a way that cannot be controlled”举个🌰：Unemployment is now rampant in most of Europe. 在欧洲的大部分地区，失业问题难以控制。

soar
soar /sɔːr/ 1）表示“急剧增加”，英文解释为“If the amount, value, level, or volume of something soars, it quickly increases by a great deal.”举个🌰：Shares soared on the New York stock exchange. 纽约证券交易所股票暴涨。
2）表示“高飞，翱翔”，英文解释为“If something such as a bird soars into the air, it goes quickly up into the air.”举个🌰：If you're lucky, a splendid golden eagle may soar into view. 幸运的话，一只金色雄鹰会跃入视线。
3）作动词，表示“升空；升腾”，英文解释为“to rise quickly and smoothly up into the air”举个🌰：The rocket soared (up) into the air. 火箭升空。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇分析受疫情影响的旅游业的文章中提到：Soaring incomes in China explain part of the increase. 这一增长的部分原因是中国人收入猛增。

As a result, the city's health department launched a public service ad campaign this month aimed specifically at Chinese men.
因此，纽约卫生部门本月发布了一条专门针对华裔男性的公益广告。
In its video, various men pose with their children, or in the arms of wives or girlfriends. Then, slowly, the men fade away into wisps of gray smoke.
视频中，各个男士或者与子女站在一起，或是与妻子、女友相拥。然后，他们慢慢地化成一缕灰烟消失。

fade
fade /feɪd/ 作动词，表示“（使）褪色；（使）变暗；（使）衰弱”，英文解释为“to (cause to) lose colour, brightness, or strength gradually”举个🌰：If you hang your clothes out in the bright sun, they will fade. 衣服挂在光线强的地方晾晒会褪色。
在理发行业，“fade”指渐变式发型，通常用于描述极短或几乎剃光的发型，其中头发的长度从顶部到底部（通常是耳朵以下，包括两鬓和颈后）逐渐变短，最后接近或完全剃光。Fade发型可以进一步分为多种类型，包括低fade，中fade和高fade，这取决于fade开始的位置。

fade /feɪd/ away 表示“逐渐消失；变得无足轻重；变弱”，英文解释为“to slowly disappear, lose importance, or become weaker”举个🌰：The voices became louder and closer and then faded away again. 人声越来越嘈杂，越来越近，接着又逐渐消失了。

wisp of
wisp of cloud/smoke/steam 表示“一缕云/烟/蒸汽”，英文解释为“a small, thin line of cloud/smoke/steam”举个🌰：A blue wisp of cigarette smoke curled in the air. 香烟冒出的一缕青烟在空中缭绕。
wisp of hair, grass, etc. 表示“一绺头发/一小束青草（等等）”，英文解释为“a thin, delicate piece of hair, grass, etc.”举个🌰：A few wisps of hay still clung to her skirt. 她的裙子上仍然粘着几根干草。

“Every cigarette puff reduces your years shared with your loved ones,” the announcer says in Mandarin. “Stop wasting your precious life, and quit smoking now.”
“每多吸一口烟，你就越快消失在亲人面前，”旁白用普通话说道。“别让你宝贵的生命在烟雾中消逝，立刻戒烟。”

puff
puff /pʌf/ 作名词，表示“一小口（烟雾），一小股（空气）”，英文解释为“a small amount of smoke, air, or something that can rise into the air in a small cloud”举个🌰：He blew a puff of smoke at his reflection in the mirror. 他朝镜中的自己喷了一口烟。
作动词，表示“抽 (香烟、雪茄、烟斗等)”，英文解释为“If someone puffs on or at a cigarette, cigar, or pipe, they smoke it.”举个🌰：He lit a cigar and puffed on it twice. 他点上一支雪茄，抽了两口。
此外，puff还有“喘粗气”的意思，英文解释为“If you are puffing, you are breathing loudly and quickly with your mouth open because you are out of breath after a lot of physical effort.”举个🌰：He caught up with Tom, puffing for breath. 他赶上了汤姆，累得直喘粗气。
补充： 📍huff：表示“怒气冲冲地说”，英文解释为“to say something in an annoyed or offended way”举个🌰："Well if that's how you feel, I'll go," she huffed. “如果你是那样认为的，那我就走了。”她气冲冲地说道。
📍短语：huff and puff 1）表示“气喘吁吁”（to breathe out in a noisy way, especially when you do something that involves a lot of physical effort）举个🌰：He was huffing and puffing by the time he got to the top. 他到顶层的时候已经气喘吁吁了。
2）表示“强烈反对；发脾气”（to show clearly that you strongly disagree with or are annoyed about something）举个🌰：After a lot of huffing and puffing, he eventually gave in to our request. 经过多番强烈反对后，他最终还是妥协，同意了我们的请求。

Lung cancer deaths among Asian men in the city have increased 70 percent in the last 15 years, and smoking rates among them have risen even as they have declined among other ethnic groups, the health department said.
卫生部门表示，在过去15年中，纽约市亚裔男性肺癌死亡人数增加了70%，即使其他族裔的吸烟率已经下降，亚裔男性的吸烟率仍在上升。
A department study of the health of Asian New Yorkers released in March found that 23 percent of local Asians smoked, versus 18 percent of whites, 17 percent of Hispanics and 14 percent of blacks.
今年3月发布的一份关于纽约亚裔健康状况的研究报告发现，当地有23%的亚裔吸烟，相比之下，白人为18%，西班牙裔17%，黑人14%。

versus
versus /ˈvɜːsəs/ 经常看到缩写vs，vs.或者是单单一个v，就是指的versus，表示“（比较两种不同想法、选择等）与…相对，与…相比”，英文解释为“used to compare two different ideas, choices, etc.”如：private education versus state education 私立教育与公共教育相比，举个🌰：It is France versus Brazil in the final. 决赛是法国队对巴西队。

Hispanic
Hispanic /hɪˈspæn.ɪk/ 形容词，表示“西班牙（人）的；西班牙语言（文化）的；（尤指拉丁美洲）西班牙语国家的”，英文解释为“from or connected with Spanish-speaking countries, especially those in Latin America, or having parents or grandparents from these countries”，作名词， 指 来自西班牙或西班牙语国家的人。

But breakdowns by ethnicity and sex tell a more complex story. Korean and Chinese people smoke at higher rates than average, while South Asians and Filipinos smoke less often. At 27 percent, Chinese men are the city's heaviest smokers, while only 4 percent of Asian women smoke.
但根据族裔和性别进行分析可以说明更为复杂的情况。韩国人和中国人的吸烟率高于平均水平，南亚和菲律宾人则较少吸烟。吸烟率为27%的华裔男性是纽约市吸烟最为严重的群体，而亚洲女性只有4%的人吸烟。

breakdown
breakdown /ˈbreɪk.daʊn/ 1）表示“故障，毛病”，英文解释为“a failure to work or be successful”举个🌰：I had a breakdown (= my car stopped working) in the middle of the road. 我的汽车在半路上抛锚了。
📍单词“breakdown”由词根“-down”（表示“向下”）和前缀“break-”（表示“打破”）组成。想象你的车在去机场的路上“breakdown”了，这就是“breakdown”。
2）表示“神经衰弱，精神崩溃”，英文解释为“a period of mental illness in which sb becomes very depressed, anxious and tired, and cannot deal with normal life”举个🌰：She's still recovering from her breakdown. 她精神崩溃后还在恢复中。
3）表示“细目；分类”，英文解释为“a division of something into smaller parts”举个🌰：We asked for a breakdown of the accident figures into day time and night time. 我们要白天和夜间事故统计数字的分列明细表。

Two factors push up smoking rates among Chinese men in New York, said Regina F. Lee, who chairs the Asian-American Smoke-Free Community Partnership.
“亚裔美国人无烟社区伙伴计划”(Asian-American Smoke-Free Community Partnership)的主席李凤仪表示，纽约华裔男性吸烟率高，由两个因素推动。
Cultural norms from China persist in the city because many Chinese residents are foreign-born, she said: “Sixty percent of men there smoke, while there is a stigma to women smoking.”
由于许多华裔居民在外国出生，来自中国的文化规范在纽约仍在延续，她说：“在中国，60%的男性吸烟，女性吸烟则是一种耻辱。”

norms
norm /nɔːm/ 通常复数，表示“规范；行为标准”，英文解释为“standards of behaviour that are typical of or accepted within a particular group or society”，如：social/cultural norms 社会/文化规范。
📍the norm 表示“常态，正常行为”，英文解释为“a situation or type of behaviour that is expected and considered to be typical”举个🌰：One child per family is fast becoming the norm in some countries. 每个家庭一个孩子在一些国家正迅速普遍起来。

persist
persist /pəˈsɪst/ 1）表示“继续存在（发生）；持续；存留”，英文解释为“If something bad persists, it continues to exist or happen”举个🌰：If the pain persists, you must see a doctor. 如果一直痛，你就必须去看医生了。
2）表示“坚持；执意”，英文解释为“to continue to do something, although this is difficult, or other people oppose it”举个🌰：‘I don't think it's right,’ He persisted. “我认为那不对。”他坚持说道。

stigma
stigma /ˈstɪɡ.mə/ 表示“耻辱；（尤指不公正的）恶名”，英文解释为“a strong feeling of disapproval that most people in a society have about something, especially when this is unfair”举个🌰：There is no longer any stigma to being divorced. 离婚不再是什么耻辱的事了。

Also, it has long been hard for Chinese-speakers to get the help the city offers to smokers, including free nicotine patches and gum. Anyone calling the quit-smoking hotline usually got an English-speaker and had to wait while a translator was found.
此外，说中文的人长期以来也难以获得纽约市为吸烟者提供的帮助，包括免费的尼古丁贴片和戒烟口香糖。拨打戒烟热线电话的人通常会接通一位讲英语的接线员，然后必须等接线员找到一位翻译。

nicotine
nicotine /ˈnɪkəˌtiːn/表示“尼古丁；烟碱”，英文解释为“a poisonous substance in tobacco that people become addicted to, so that it is difficult to stop smoking”

“So we were delighted when the health department proposed this,” Ms. Lee said.
“因此当卫生部门提出这一点时我们非常高兴，”李凤仪说。
The hotline mentioned in the ad (1-800-838-8917) is part of the national Asian Smokers' Quitline, which is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and offers help in Mandarin, Cantonese, Korean and Vietnamese.
广告中提及的热线电话(1-800-838-8917)是全国亚裔烟民戒烟热线的一个分支，由疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)资助，提供普通话、粤语、韩语及越南语帮助。
A 2015 study published in the Lancet found that Chinese men smoke a third of all the cigarettes in the world, and that by the year 2050, three million of them will die each year of smoking-related causes.
《柳叶刀》(Lancet)杂志2015年发表的一项研究发现，中国男性吸了全世界三分之一的烟，并且到2050年，每年因吸烟引发疾病死亡的人数将达到300万人。
In New York, recent antismoking ads in English and Spanish have been much grimmer , showing people dying in misery or with amputated fingers.
最近，纽约的英语和西班牙语禁烟广告已变得更加令人生畏，展示了死于痛苦或手指截肢的人们。

grim
grim /ɡrɪm/ 1）表示“严酷的；令人沮丧的”，英文解释为“A situation or piece of information that is grim is unpleasant, depressing, and difficult to accept.”举个🌰：There was further grim news yesterday. 昨天有更令人沮丧的新闻。
2）表示“（地方）阴沉的”，英文解释为“A place that is grim is unattractive and depressing in appearance.”举个🌰：The city might be grim at first, but there is a vibrancy and excitement. 这个城市也许一开始沉闷，但它有一种活力和激情。

amputate
amputate /ˈæm.pjə.teɪt/ 表示“截（肢）；切除（身体部位）”，英文解释为“to cut off a part of the body”举个🌰：They had to amputate his foot to free him from the wreckage. 为了把他从残骸中解救出来，他们只好截断他的一只脚。

“The health department did focus groups and decided to start with a slightly softer approach,” Ms. Lee said. “No one knows how the community will react.”
“卫生部门进行了焦点会谈并决定用比较柔和的方法着手，”李凤仪说。“没人知道社区会如何反应。”
- 词汇盘点 - rampant、 soar、 fade、 wisp of、 puff、 versus、 Hispanic、 breakdown、 norms、 persist、 stigma、 nicotine、 grim、 amputate
- 词汇助记 By AI - Rampant nicotine use made stigma soar; Hispanic norms began to fade. A wisp of hope, a puff of resistance—versus grim breakdown. Yet they persist, even with amputated trust. - 推荐阅读 - 日更10年，我是怎么坚持下来的
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