日本一地拟立法倡议每天玩手机不超2小时

近日，日本爱知县丰明市正草拟一项条例，倡议所有市民每天在学习工作之外使用手机时间“最多2个小时”。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the proposal, which activities are exempt from the two-hour smartphone limit?

A. Reading and watching movies

B. Watching videos while cooking or exercising

C. Shopping online

D. Texting and social media use

无注释原文：

Japanese town proposes two-hour daily limit on smartphones

From: BBC

A central Japanese town wants to limit smartphone use for all its 69,000 residents to two hours a day, in a move that has sparked intense debate on device addiction.

The proposal, believed to be the first of its kind in Japan, is currently being debated by lawmakers after being submitted by Toyoake municipal government in Aichi earlier this week.

Toyoake's mayor said the proposal - which only applies outside of work and study - would not be strictly enforced, but rather was meant to "encourage" residents to better manage their screen time.

There will be no penalties for breaking the rule, which will be passed in October if approved by lawmakers.

"The two hour limit... is merely a guideline... to encourage citizens," Toyoake Mayor Masafumi Koki said in a statement.

"This does not mean the city will limit its residents' rights or impose duties," he said,

"Rather, I hope this serves as an opportunity for each family to think about and discuss the time spent on smartphones as well as the time of day the devices are used."

Smartphone use during non-leisure activities, such as watching videos while cooking or exercising, online learning and practicing for an e-sports tournament, will not count towards the two hours, he added.

Koki said he recognised smartphones were "useful and indispensable in daily life" but pointed out that some students were missing school because they refused to leave home without their phone.

Adults were also sacrificing sleep or time with families so they could keep scrolling on their phones and tablets, the mayor said.

More than 120 residents called and emailed local city authorities during a consultation period, according to Japanese news outlet Mainichi, with the majority (80%) not happy about the proposal. Some, however, showed support for the bill.

The proposal suggests that primary school students should stop using devices by 21:00 while older students and adults should stop by 22:00.

Many took to social media to air their grievances about the proposal, with one user saying you "cannot even read a book or watch a movie" in two hours, according to the Japan Times.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Japanese town proposes two-hour daily limit on smartphones

From: BBC

A central Japanese town wants to limit smartphone use for all its 69,000 residents to two hours a day, in a move that has sparked intense debate on device addiction.

日本中部一个城市希望限制6万9千名居民的手机使用时间在每天两小时内，此举引发了关于手机成瘾的激烈辩论。

spark /spɑːk/ 表示“引发”，英文解释为“If one thing sparks another, the first thing causes the second thing to start happening.”举个🌰：My teacher organized a unit on computer science that really sparked my interest. 我的老师编排了一个关于计算机科学的单元，它真正激发了我的兴趣。

此前，《后浪》和「青年」文中标题中就用到：Bilibili's May 4th Youth Day video sparks discussion on social media 引发热议。

类似的还有：

📍stir表示“激发，激起（强烈的感情）；引起（强烈的反应）”，英文解释为“to make someone have a strong feeling or reaction”举个🌰：The poem succeeds in stirring the imagination. 这首诗能够激发起想象力。

📍provoke也表示“激起，引起”，英文解释为“to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one”，如：provoke debate/discussion 激起辩论/讨论。

📍spur 鼓动；激励；鞭策；刺激；鼓舞”，英文解释为“If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.”举个🌰：It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats. 是金钱驱使这些渔民驾驶单薄的小船冒险出海远航。

🎬电影《龙之心3：巫师的诅咒》（Dragonheart 3: The Sorcerer's Curse）中的台词提到：To spur the clans to war. 激励部族发起战争。

📍trigger表示“发动；引起；触发”，英文解释为“to make sth happen suddenly”举个🌰：Nuts can trigger off a violent allergic reaction. 坚果可以引起严重的过敏反应。

The proposal, believed to be the first of its kind in Japan, is currently being debated by lawmakers after being submitted by Toyoake municipal government in Aichi earlier this week.

这一举措被认为是日本首例。在本周早些时候由爱知县丰明市政府提交，目前立法者正在讨论。

proposal /prəˈpəʊ.zəl/ 1）表示“建议；计划；提案”，英文解释为“a suggestion, sometimes a written one”举个🌰：Have you read his proposals for the new project? 你看了他对新项目的建议了吗？

2）表示“求婚”，英文解释为“an offer of marriage”

municipal /mjuːˈnɪs.ɪ.pəl/ 表示“市政的；市立的”，英文解释为“of or belonging to a town or city”如：municipal authorities 市政当局。

Toyoake's mayor said the proposal - which only applies outside of work and study - would not be strictly enforced, but rather was meant to "encourage" residents to better manage their screen time.

丰明市市长表示，该提议仅适用于工作和学习以外的时间，不会严格执行，而是旨在“鼓励”居民更好地管理自己的萤幕时间。

enforce /ɪnˈfɔːs/ 表示“使服从（法律）；（强制）实行，执行，把…强加于”，英文解释为“to make people obey a law, or to make a particular situation happen or be accepted”举个🌰：The new teacher had failed to enforce any sort of discipline. 这位新教师一点都管不住学生，搞得纪律涣散。

screen time /ˈskriːn ˌtaɪm/ 表示“（看电脑、电视、手机等的）屏幕时间”，英文解释为“the amount of time someone spends looking at an electronic device with a screen, such as a computer or television”举个🌰：How much screen time do you allow your kids? 你允许你的孩子有多少屏幕时间？每天三四个小时的屏幕时间太多。

There will be no penalties for breaking the rule, which will be passed in October if approved by lawmakers.

若获立法者批准，该规定将于10月生效，但违反规定不会有任何惩罚。

"The two hour limit... is merely a guideline... to encourage citizens," Toyoake Mayor Masafumi Koki said in a statement.

“两小时限制……仅仅是指导方针……是为了鼓励市民。”丰明市市长小浮正典（Masafumi Koki）在一份声明中说。

"This does not mean the city will limit its residents' rights or impose duties," he said,

“这并不意味着市政府将限制居民的权利或强加义务，”他补充道。

impose /ɪmˈpəʊz/ 1）表示“推行；强制实行”，英文解释为“to officially force a rule, tax, punishment, etc. to be obeyed or received”举个🌰：Very high taxes have recently been imposed on cigarettes. 最近对香烟开征很高的税。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇分析Biden贸易政策的文章中提到：The other matter is what Mr Biden will do with the tariffs imposed by Mr Trump. 另一件事是Biden将如何处理Trump实施的关税。

2）表示“把（尤指信仰或生活方式）强加于”，英文解释为“to force someone to accept something, especially a belief or way of living”举个🌰：I don't want them to impose their religious beliefs on my children. 我不希望他们把自己的宗教信仰强加给我的孩子们。

3）表示“勉强；打扰，麻烦”，英文解释为“to expect someone to do something for you or spend time with you when they do not want to or when it is not convenient for them”举个🌰：She's always imposing on people - asking favours and getting everyone to do things for her. 她总是强人所难——要人帮忙做这做那。

"Rather, I hope this serves as an opportunity for each family to think about and discuss the time spent on smartphones as well as the time of day the devices are used."

“相反，我希望这能成为一个契机，让每个家庭思考并讨论使用智能手机的时间，以及一天里使用的时段。”

Smartphone use during non-leisure activities, such as watching videos while cooking or exercising, online learning and practicing for an e-sports tournament, will not count towards the two hours, he added.

他说，例如边做饭或运动边看影片、线上学习以及电子竞技比赛训练等非娱乐性的手机使用，不计入两小时之内。

leisure /ˈleʒ.ər/ 表示“空闲，闲暇，休闲”，英文解释为“the time when you are not working or doing other duties”如：leisure activities 休闲活动。

Koki said he recognised smartphones were "useful and indispensable in daily life" but pointed out that some students were missing school because they refused to leave home without their phone.

小浮正典表示，他理解智能手机在日常生活中“有用且不可或缺”，但指出有些学生之所以缺课，正是因为没有手机就不愿走出家门。

indispensable /ˌɪn.dɪˈspen.sə.bəl/ 表示“必不可少的，必需的”，英文解释为“Something or someone that is indispensable is so good or important that you could not manage without it, him, or her.”举个🌰：This book is an indispensable resource for researchers. 这本书是研究者必不可少的资料。

类似的：

📍essential 作形容词表示“至关重要的，必不可少的”（Something that is essential is extremely important or absolutely necessary to a particular subject, situation, or activity.）举个🌰：Even in small companies, computers are an essential tool. 即使在小公司里，计算机也是不可或缺的工具。

essential也可以指“最基本的；本质的”（the essential part, quality, or feature of something is the most basic one ），举个🌰：The essential difference between you and me was the fact that I took life seriously. 我和你的根本区别在于我是认真对待生活的。

📍fundamental 表示“根本的；基本的；基础的”（You use fundamental to describe things, activities, and principles that are very important or essential. They affect the basic nature of other things or are the most important element upon which other things depend.）举个🌰：We have to tackle the fundamental cause of the problem. 我们必须解决问题的根本原因。

此外，fundamental也有“必不可少的；十分重要的/必要的”的含义（If one thing is fundamental to another, it is absolutely necessary to it, and the second thing cannot exist, succeed, or be imagined without it.）举个🌰：Water is fundamental to survival. 水是生存所必需的。

Adults were also sacrificing sleep or time with families so they could keep scrolling on their phones and tablets, the mayor said.

市长还说，成年人也为了持续刷手机和平板，而牺牲了睡眠或与家人相处的时间。

作名词，scroll /skrəʊl/ 表示“长卷纸，卷轴”，英文解释为“a long roll of paper or similar material with usually official writing on it”举个🌰：The ancient Egyptians stored information on scrolls. 古埃及人把信息记载在卷轴上。

作动词，表示“滚动；滚屏”，英文解释为“to move text or other information on a computer screen in order to see a different part of it”举个🌰：Scroll to the end of the document. 滚动至文件的最后。

🎬电影《兔子洞》（Rabbit Hole）中的台词提到：Scroll down with your finger. 用手指向下滑动。

More than 120 residents called and emailed local city authorities during a consultation period, according to Japanese news outlet Mainichi, with the majority (80%) not happy about the proposal. Some, however, showed support for the bill.

据日本《每日新闻》报导，在咨询期间有超过120名居民致电或发电邮至市府，其中大多数（80%）对提议不满，但也有部分人表示支持。

consultation /ˌkɒn.sʌlˈteɪ.ʃən/ 表示“磋商；咨询；求教”，英文解释为“the process of discussing something with someone in order to get their advice or opinion about it”举个🌰：He made the decision in consultation with his parents and teachers. 与父母和老师商议后，他做出了决定。

outlet /ˈaʊt.let/ 或者outlets一词经常出现，media outlet / news outlets 都可以表示媒体/新闻机构；outlet本身表示“商店，商行；销售公司；专卖店；直销店”，英文解释为“An outlet is a shop or organization which sells the goods made by a particular manufacturer or at a discount price, often direct from the manufacturer.”如：a fast-food outlet 快餐店，a retail outlet 零售店，举个🌰：At the factory outlet you'll find discounted items at up to 75% off regular prices. 在工厂的直销店里，你会找到比常规价低75%的打折商品。

📍而我们日常生活中常见的“奥特莱斯”商场就是outlets的音译，指的就是品牌直销购物中心。

此外，也可以指“（情绪或精力的）发泄方式，发泄途径，施展的机会”，英文解释为“a way in which emotion or energy can be expressed or made use of”举个🌰：Her work provided no outlet for her energies and talents. 她的工作没有给她提供发泄精力及施展才华的机会。

📍美式英语里还可以表示“电源插座（同 power point）”

The proposal suggests that primary school students should stop using devices by 21:00 while older students and adults should stop by 22:00.

该提议建议，小学生应于晚上9点前停止使用电子设备，而年长学生及成年人则应于十点前停止使用。

Many took to social media to air their grievances about the proposal, with one user saying you "cannot even read a book or watch a movie" in two hours, according to the Japan Times.

许多人在社交媒体上对该提议表达不满。《日本时报》引述一位网民的话说，你不可能在两小时内“读完一本书或看完一部电影”。

grievance /ˈɡriː.vəns/ 表示“不平，委屈；不满，抱怨，牢骚”，英文解释为“a complaint or a strong feeling that you have been treated unfairly”举个🌰：Bill still harbours/nurses a grievance against his employers for not promoting him. 因为没有得到提升，比尔对他的雇主仍然心怀不满。

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