AI用户画像：越不懂，越敢用

近日，一项新研究发现，对于AI素养不高的人来说，AI似乎具有魔力。而这种看法反过来又可能让他们更愿意尝试AI。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the article, what makes people with lower AI literacy more inclined to use AI?

A. They believe AI is more intelligent than humans.

B. They see AI as mysterious and even magical.

C. They are less worried about AI's ethical implications.

D. They want to avoid doing academic work themselves.

无注释原文：

The Less You Know About AI, the More You Are Likely to Use It

From: The Wall Street Journal

When it comes to most new technologies, early adopters tend to be the people who know and understand the tools the best.

With artificial intelligence, the opposite seems to be true.

This counterintuitive finding comes from new research, which suggests that the people most drawn to AI tend to be those who understand the technology the least. AI seems mysterious and even magical to these people, the researchers found, leading to a sense of awe regarding AI's ability to complete tasks. This is particularly true when the task is traditionally associated with human attributes, such as writing a poem or creating a new fusion recipe.

“When you don't really get what's going on under the hood, AI creating these things seems amazing, and that's when it can feel magical,” says Stephanie Tully, an associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business and one of the study's authors. “And that feeling can actually increase people's willingness to use it.”

That finding challenges the assumption that more technical knowledge will naturally lead to wider adoption of AI. “In other domains, like wine, the people who know the most about it are wine lovers,” says Tully. “With AI, it's the opposite.”

Across seven studies, the researchers assessed people's AI literacy using different methods, including a 25-item questionnaire they created and a 17-question test created using two AI systems.

In one experiment, the researchers recruited 234 undergraduates, assessed their AI literacy and then asked them to consider writing four papers on topics ranging from how the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led to World War I to a poem about falling in love in Venice. The participants were then asked if they would or wouldn't use a free version of an AI system to help them complete the assignment and to what extent.

The students who scored lower on AI literacy were more likely to use AI to complete the assigned tasks than the students with higher AI literacy, the study found. It wasn't about believing that AI is smarter or more useful than their own knowledge, says Chiara Longoni, an associate professor of marketing at Bocconi University in Milan, Italy, and one of the authors. It was about how inconceivable it is that AI can complete humanlike tasks, she says. The researchers found that this link persisted even after taking into account that people with lower AI literacy tend to have more concerns about the ethics of AI and its potential negative impact on humanity.

Across several other studies, including those that examined differences in AI receptivity in 27 countries, lower AI literacy scores consistently led to an increased willingness to adopt the technology. People with higher AI literacy, meanwhile, recognized that AI is an algorithm, not magic, the researchers say.

“Understanding that AI is just pattern-matching can strip away the emotional experience,” says Gil Appel, another co-author.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为华尔街日报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

The Less You Know About AI, the More You Are Likely to Use It

From: The Wall Street Journal

When it comes to most new technologies, early adopters tend to be the people who know and understand the tools the best.

对于大多数新技术而言，早期采用者往往是最熟悉和最了解这些工具的人。

With artificial intelligence, the opposite seems to be true.

而对于人工智能(AI)来说，情况似乎恰恰相反。

This counterintuitive finding comes from new research, which suggests that the people most drawn to AI tend to be those who understand the technology the least. AI seems mysterious and even magical to these people, the researchers found, leading to a sense of awe regarding AI's ability to complete tasks. This is particularly true when the task is traditionally associated with human attributes, such as writing a poem or creating a new fusion recipe.

这一有悖直觉的发现来自一项新研究，该研究表明，最受AI吸引的人往往是那些最不了解该技术的人。研究人员发现，对这些人来说，AI似乎神秘甚至神奇，这让他们对AI完成任务的能力产生一种敬畏感。当任务按传统观念来看与人类特质相关时，比如写诗或创造新的融合菜谱，情况尤其如此。

表示“（想法、提议等）违反常理的，反直觉的”，英文解释为“(of an idea, proposal, etc) seemingly contrary to common sense”

📍intuitive本身表示“（出于）直觉的”（an intuitive idea is based on a feeling rather than on knowledge or facts），而前缀counter-表示“（用于构词）表示相反或相对”（Counter- is used to form words which refer to actions or activities that are intended to prevent other actions or activities or that respond to them.）如：counter-terrorism 反恐，counter-example 反面例子，counterproductive 产生相反效果的，适得其反的。

近义词对比：

📍instinctive表示“本能的；天性的；直觉的”（based on instinct and not involving thought）

awe /ɔː/ 表示“敬畏；惊奇，惊叹”，英文解释为“a feeling of great respect sometimes mixed with fear or surprise”举个🌰：I've always held musicians in awe. 我对音乐家们总是肃然起敬。As children we were rather in awe of our grandfather. 小的时候，我们对祖父非常敬畏。

fusion /ˈfjuː.ʒən/ 表示“融合；结合；熔合；合并”，英文解释为“an occasion when two or more things join or are combined”如：nuclear fusion 核聚变。

recipe /ˈres.ɪ.pi/除了表示“食谱”，还可以指“方法；秘诀；诀窍”，英文解释为“a method or an idea that seems likely to have a particular result”举个🌰：What's her recipe for success? 她成功的秘诀是什么？

“When you don't really get what's going on under the hood, AI creating these things seems amazing, and that's when it can feel magical,” says Stephanie Tully, an associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business and one of the study's authors. “And that feeling can actually increase people's willingness to use it.”

“当你并不真正了解其内部运作原理时，AI创造出这些东西就显得很神奇，这时你就会觉得它像魔法一样”，该研究的作者之一、南加州大学马歇尔商学院(University of Southern California Marshall School of Business)市场营销学副教授斯蒂芬妮·塔利(Stephanie Tully)说。“而这种感觉实际上会增加人们使用它的意愿。”

That finding challenges the assumption that more technical knowledge will naturally lead to wider adoption of AI. “In other domains, like wine, the people who know the most about it are wine lovers,” says Tully. “With AI, it's the opposite.”

上述发现挑战了这样一种假设，即更多的技术知识自然会带来AI的更广泛采用。“在其他领域，比如葡萄酒，最了解它的人是葡萄酒爱好者”，塔利说。“而对于AI，情况恰恰相反。”

assumption /əˈsʌmp.ʃən/ 表示“假定；假设；臆断”，英文解释为“something that you accept as true without question or proof”举个🌰：These calculations are based on the assumption that prices will continue to rise. 这些计算是基于价格会继续上升这一假定之上的。

Across seven studies, the researchers assessed people's AI literacy using different methods, including a 25-item questionnaire they created and a 17-question test created using two AI systems.

在七项研究中，研究人员使用了不同方法来评估人们的AI素养，包括他们自己设计的一份包含25个项目的问卷，以及利用两个AI系统创建的一份包含17个问题的测试。

literacy /ˈlɪt.ər.ə.si/ 1）表示“识字；读写能力”，英文解释为“Literacy is the ability to read and write.”举个🌰：Many adults have problems with literacy and numeracy. 很多成年人有读写和计算的困难。

反义词：

📍illiteracy表示“文盲”（Illiteracy is the state of not knowing how to read or write.）

2）表示“（某领域或某方面的）知识，能力”，英文解释为“knowledge of a particular subject, or a particular type of knowledge”举个🌰：Computer literacy is becoming as essential as the ability to drive a car. 会用计算机与会开车一样将成为一种必备的技能。

questionnaire /ˌkwes.tʃəˈneər/ 表示“问卷；情况调查表”，英文解释为“a list of questions that several people are asked so that information can be collected about something”

In one experiment, the researchers recruited 234 undergraduates, assessed their AI literacy and then asked them to consider writing four papers on topics ranging from how the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led to World War I to a poem about falling in love in Venice. The participants were then asked if they would or wouldn't use a free version of an AI system to help them complete the assignment and to what extent.

在一项实验中，研究人员招募了234名本科生，评估了他们的AI素养，然后让他们考虑撰写四篇论文，主题从法兰兹·斐迪南大公(Archduke Franz Ferdinand)遇刺如何引发第一次世界大战，到一首关于在威尼斯坠入爱河的诗。然后，这些参与者被问及是否会使用以及在多大程度上会使用一个免费版的AI系统来帮助他们完成作业。

assassination /əˌsæs.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ 表示“暗杀（名人或重要人物）”，英文解释为“the murder of someone famous or important”如：an assassination attempt 暗杀的企图。

The students who scored lower on AI literacy were more likely to use AI to complete the assigned tasks than the students with higher AI literacy, the study found. It wasn't about believing that AI is smarter or more useful than their own knowledge, says Chiara Longoni, an associate professor of marketing at Bocconi University in Milan, Italy, and one of the authors. It was about how inconceivable it is that AI can complete humanlike tasks, she says. The researchers found that this link persisted even after taking into account that people with lower AI literacy tend to have more concerns about the ethics of AI and its potential negative impact on humanity.

研究发现，在AI素养方面得分较低的学生比AI素养较高的学生更有可能使用AI来完成指定的任务。该研究的作者之一、意大利米兰博科尼大学(Bocconi University)市场营销学副教授基娅拉·隆戈尼(Chiara Longoni)说，这并不是因为他们相信AI比自身知识更聪明或更有用。她说，这关乎的是AI能够完成类似人类的任务是多么不可思议。研究人员发现，即便考虑到AI素养较低的人往往对AI的伦理及其对人类的潜在负面影响有更多担忧，这种关联依然存在。

inconceivable /ˌɪn.kənˈsiː.və.bəl/ 1）表示“不能想象的；不可思议的”，英文解释为“impossible to imagine or think of”举个🌰：The idea that they might not win was inconceivable to them. 他们可能赢不了的念头对他们来说是不可想象的。

2）表示“极不可能的”，英文解释为“extremely unlikely”举个🌰：Another nuclear accident in the same place is virtually/almost inconceivable. 同一地方再次发生核事故简直/几乎是不可能的。

persist /pəˈsɪst/ 1）表示“继续存在（发生）；持续；存留”，英文解释为“If something bad persists, it continues to exist or happen”举个🌰：If the pain persists, you must see a doctor. 如果一直痛，你就必须去看医生了。

2）表示“坚持；执意”，英文解释为“to continue to do something, although this is difficult, or other people oppose it”举个🌰：‘I don't think it's right,’ He persisted. “我认为那不对。”他坚持说道。

Across several other studies, including those that examined differences in AI receptivity in 27 countries, lower AI literacy scores consistently led to an increased willingness to adopt the technology. People with higher AI literacy, meanwhile, recognized that AI is an algorithm, not magic, the researchers say.

在其他几项研究中，包括一项考察27个国家AI接受度差异的研究，AI素养较低的分数通常导致人们更愿意采用这项技术。与此同时，研究人员表示，AI素养较高的人则认识到，AI是一种算法，而非魔法。

表示“（对于新思想和建议）乐于接受，从善如流”，英文解释为“willingness to listen to and accept new ideas and suggestions”

algorithm /ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm/ 表示“算法；计算程序”，英文解释为“a set of rules that must be followed when solving a particular problem”

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