“丝瓜汤”是什么梗？

“丝瓜汤”是什么梗？

借（cèng）此（gè）机（rè）会（diǎn），我们就来看看高纤维食品的那些事儿。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. The phrase “health halo” in the article most likely means:

A. A false perception that a product is healthier than it really is.

B. The nutritional benefits provided by vitamins and minerals.

C. A special certification for healthy products.

D. A marketing campaign focused on medical approval.

无注释原文：

Fiber-Packed Foods Are Hitting Store Shelves. Be Careful, Doctors Say.

From: The Wall Street Journal

Fiber-enriched products are hot. Manufacturers are packing fiber into everything from soda and energy drinks to doughnuts and snack bars. “Fibermaxxing,” where people post their efforts to load up on fiber, is trending on social media.

But emerging research shows that some fibers used in these products, especially in high doses, could lead to health problems in some people. And a growing number of doctors and nutrition researchers say you should skip them.

“People are kind of overdoing it thinking more is better, but too much of a good thing is too much of a good thing,” says Beth Czerwony, a registered dietitian at the Cleveland Clinic Center for Human Nutrition.

Fiber usually leads to reduced inflammation, but in some people it can actually cause it. Some dietitians are hearing patients complain of bloating and pain after eating lots of fiber-enriched packaged food and drinks.

There's a big difference between eating naturally high-fiber foods like fruits, vegetables, beans and whole grains, and fiber-enhanced processed foods and supplements, researchers say.

Fiber is good for us generally, and most people don't eat enough of it. Fiber is part of plants that our bodies largely can't digest. It keeps us full, lowers cholesterol and helps stabilize blood sugar. People who eat high-fiber diets have lower risks of obesity, heart disease, cancer and Type 2 diabetes.

Eating a variety of fiber-rich foods means getting a range of different fibers. That's important for the healthy functioning of the gut microbiome, the collection of microbes that inhabit our digestive tract, says Dr. Purna Kashyap, director of the microbiomics program at Mayo Clinic. Individual fibers feed different bacteria and newer research is finding that fibers have specific—and different—mechanisms for affecting health.

“You can't just say, ‘I'm going to eat junk all day and then I'm going to have a fiber soda, so there you go, I've filled my quota for fiber,'” says Kashyap.

Many snack bars and drinks with added fiber aren't things we should be having often anyway, says Abigail Johnson, associate director of the Nutrition Coordinating Center at the University of Minnesota School of Public Health. They often contain high amounts of added sugar and include additives such as emulsifiers, which studies have found cause dysfunction in the microbiome.

Johnson worries that the added fiber, which is often touted on the label, gives these products a “health halo,” making them more appealing to consumers. About 53% of consumers say they plan to buy more high-fiber foods in 2025, according to a 19-country survey by NielsenIQ released in May.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为华尔街日报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Fiber-Packed Foods Are Hitting Store Shelves. Be Careful, Doctors Say.

From: The Wall Street Journal

Fiber-enriched products are hot. Manufacturers are packing fiber into everything from soda and energy drinks to doughnuts and snack bars. “Fibermaxxing,” where people post their efforts to load up on fiber, is trending on social media.

高纤维食品正成为市场新宠。厂商们正把纤维添加到苏打水、能量饮料、甜甜圈和零食棒等五花八门的产品中。“高纤维炫食”(Fibermaxxing)在社交媒体上成为一股潮流，人们纷纷晒出自己如何摄入大量膳食纤维。

美式 fiber 英式 fibre /ˈfaɪ.bər/ 表示“（植物或人造物的）纤维，丝”，英文解释为“any of the thread-like parts that form plant or artificial material and can be made into cloth”举个🌰：The fibres are woven into fabric. 纤维被织成织物。

enrich /ɪnˈrɪtʃ/ 除了表示“使丰富，使富含；充实”，英文解释为“to improve the quality of something by adding something else”举个🌰：My life was greatly enriched by knowing her. 认识了她，我的生活变得非常充实。

也可以表示“使富有，使富裕”，英文解释为“to make something or someone richer”举个🌰：He claimed that the large stores were enriching themselves at the expense of their customers. 他声称大商店通过盘剥顾客而获利。

doughnut /ˈdəʊnʌt, -nət/ 表示“炸面包圈；炸果酱面包”，英文解释为“a small, circular cake, fried in hot fat, either with a hole in the middle or filled with jam”。

load /ləʊd/ up on sth表示“采集大量的…；购买大量的…”，英文解释为“to gather or buy a large amount of something”举个🌰：The tourists started loading up on perfume and cosmetics. 游客们开始大量购买香水和化妆品。

But emerging research shows that some fibers used in these products, especially in high doses, could lead to health problems in some people. And a growing number of doctors and nutrition researchers say you should skip them.

但最新研究表明，这些产品中使用的某些纤维可能导致部分人群出现健康问题，特别是在高剂量摄入的情况下。越来越多的医生和营养研究人员表示，消费者应该避开这类产品。

dose /dəʊs/ 1）表示“一剂”（a measured amount of something such as medicine），如：a dose of penicillin 一剂青霉素；

2）表示“一些（糟糕或不愉快的事）”，英文解释为“an amount or experience of something, often something bad or unpleasant”举个🌰：He received a hefty dose of bad news this week. 本周他得到了许多坏消息。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述谷歌的文章中提到：The first route would involve taking a strong dose of managerial medicine to become a more tightly run conglomerate. 第一种解决方法是给它服用一剂管理上的强效药，让它成为管理更严格的企业集团。

“People are kind of overdoing it thinking more is better, but too much of a good thing is too much of a good thing,” says Beth Czerwony, a registered dietitian at the Cleveland Clinic Center for Human Nutrition.

克利夫兰医学中心人类营养中心(Cleveland Clinic Center for Human Nutrition)注册营养师贝丝·切尔沃尼(Beth Czerwony)表示：“人们往往过度追求纤维摄入量，认为越多越好，但再好的东西吃多了也不行。”

registered /ˈredʒ.ɪ.stəd/ 表示“已注册的；经注册批准的；（经政府核准）登记的（或注册的）”，英文解释为“officially listed and accepted”如：a registered nurse/charity/trademark 注册护士/慈善机构/商标。

register表示“（尤指把姓名）登记，注册，记录”，英文解释为“to put information, especially your name, into an official list or record”举个🌰：I registered the car in my name. 我把车登记在我的名下。

dietitian /ˌdaɪ.əˈtɪʃ.ən/ 表示“饮食保健专家，营养学家，营养师”，英文解释为“a person who scientifically studies and gives advice about food and eating”

Fiber usually leads to reduced inflammation, but in some people it can actually cause it. Some dietitians are hearing patients complain of bloating and pain after eating lots of fiber-enriched packaged food and drinks.

虽然纤维通常有助于减轻炎症，但对某些人群来说，反而可能引发炎症。一些营养师听到患者抱怨在食用大量富含纤维的包装食品和饮料后出现腹胀和疼痛症状。

inflammation /ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“炎（症）”，英文解释为“a red, painful, and often swollen area in or on a part of your body”举个🌰：Aspirin reduces pain and inflammation. 阿司匹林可缓解疼痛和炎症。

bloating /ˈbləʊ.tɪŋ/ 表示“胃气胀”，英文解释为“a condition in which the stomach swells and feels full and uncomfortable”举个🌰：He suffered from indigestion and bloating. 他患有消化不良和胃气胀。

There's a big difference between eating naturally high-fiber foods like fruits, vegetables, beans and whole grains, and fiber-enhanced processed foods and supplements, researchers say.

研究人员指出，食用诸如水果、蔬菜、豆类和全谷物等天然高纤维食物，与摄入额外添加纤维的加工食品与补剂之间存在本质区别。

whole grain /ˌhəʊl ˈɡreɪn/ 表示“全谷物；全麦”，英文解释为“a grain from a cereal plant such as rice or wheat that has not had anything removed from it, or a food made from this type of grain”举个🌰：For the cookies I would pick anything made with a whole grain, such as whole wheat flour or oats. 饼干的话，我会选全谷物的，比如说全麦面粉的或燕麦的。

表示“补充物，增补物”，英文解释为“something that is added to something else in order to improve it or complete it; something extra”举个🌰：The doctor said she should be taking vitamin supplements. 医生说她应该服用维生素补充剂。

Fiber is good for us generally, and most people don't eat enough of it. Fiber is part of plants that our bodies largely can't digest. It keeps us full, lowers cholesterol and helps stabilize blood sugar. People who eat high-fiber diets have lower risks of obesity, heart disease, cancer and Type 2 diabetes.

总的来说，纤维通常对人体有益，而且大多数人摄入的纤维量都不足。纤维是存在于植物中的人体基本难以消化的部分，能增强人的饱腹感，降低胆固醇，并有助于稳定血糖。高纤维饮食者罹患肥胖症、心脏病、癌症和2型糖尿病的风险相对较低。

digest /daɪˈdʒest/ 作动词，1）表示“（使）消化”，英文解释为“to change food in your stomach into substances that your body can use”举个🌰：Sit still and allow your meal to digest. 静静地坐着，让胃里的食物消化消化。

2）表示“理解，吸收（信息）”，英文解释为“to read or hear new information and take the necessary time to understand it”举个🌰：This chapter is so difficult to digest, I'll have to read it again later. 这一章不容易理解消化，稍后我还得再看一遍。

作名词，表示“文摘，摘要；文汇，简报”，英文解释为“a short written report providing the most important parts of a larger piece of writing, or one containing recent news”举个🌰：A digest of the research findings is now available. 研究成果的简报已经出来了。

cholesterol /kə'lɛstərɔl/ 表示“胆固醇”，英文解释为“Cholesterol is a substance that exists in the fat, tissues, and blood of all animals. Too much cholesterol in a person's blood can cause heart disease.”如：a dangerously high cholesterol level. 危险的高胆固醇水平。

obesity /oʊˈbiːsəti/ 表示“肥胖”，英文解释为“the fact of being extremely fat, in a way that is dangerous for health”

📍词根“obes-”来自拉丁语“obesus”，意味着“肥胖的”。近义词：overweight（超重），同根词：obese（肥胖的），常用短语：combat obesity（对抗肥胖症）

diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪs, -tiːz/ 表示“糖尿病”，英文解释为“a disease in which the body cannot control the level of sugar in the blood.”

Eating a variety of fiber-rich foods means getting a range of different fibers. That's important for the healthy functioning of the gut microbiome, the collection of microbes that inhabit our digestive tract, says Dr. Purna Kashyap, director of the microbiomics program at Mayo Clinic. Individual fibers feed different bacteria and newer research is finding that fibers have specific—and different—mechanisms for affecting health.

摄入多种富含纤维的食物能获取更多元的纤维类型。这对肠道微生物群（栖息于人体消化道中的微生物集合）的健康运作至关重要，妙佑医疗国际(Mayo Clinic)微生物组学项目主任普尔纳·卡什亚普(Purna Kashyap)博士表示。不同纤维为不同菌群提供养分，最新研究还发现，各种纤维通过特定且不同的机制影响健康。

gut /ɡʌt/ 作动词，表示“（尤指在烹调前）取出…的内脏”，英文解释为“to remove the inner organs of an animal, especially in preparation for eating it”举个🌰：She gutted the fish and cut off their heads. 她取出鱼的内脏并把鱼头切掉。

作名词，表示“消化道；肠道，肠”，英文解释为“the long tube in the body of a person or animal, through which food moves during the process of digesting food”举个🌰：Meat stays in the gut longer than vegetable matter. 和蔬菜相比，肉类在消化道中停留的时间更长。

sb's gut 表示“凭直觉，凭感情（决定或判断）”，英文解释为“a way of deciding what should be done or what is right, that is based on how someone feels rather than thinking about reasons”举个🌰：My head said that I should go but my gut said I should stay. 理智上我该走，但是感觉告诉我该留。

gut feeling/reaction 表示“直觉，本能，内心感觉”，英文解释为“a strong belief about someone or something that cannot completely be explained and does not have to be decided by reasoning”举个🌰：I have a gut feeling that the relationship won't last. 我有种直觉，这段关系不会太长久。

microbiome /ˌmaɪ.krəʊ.ˈbaɪ.əʊm/ 表示“微生物组，微生物群系”，英文解释为“the microorganisms (= living things too small to be seen) that exist in a particular environment or in the human body”举个🌰：A Human Microbiome Project is planned to sequence the DNA of the many bacterial species present in humans. “人类微生物菌落项目”计划对存在于人类体内的许多细菌种类的 DNA 进行测序。

digestive tract /daɪˈdʒes.tɪv ˌtrækt/ 表示“消化道（从口腔开始，经由胃肠，直到肛门的食物通道）”，英文解释为“the tube-like passage from the mouth, through the stomach and to the anus, through which food travels during digestion”

“You can't just say, ‘I'm going to eat junk all day and then I'm going to have a fiber soda, so there you go, I've filled my quota for fiber,’” says Kashyap.

卡什亚普说：“不要认为‘整天吃垃圾食品，然后喝一瓶纤维苏打水就能完成每日纤维摄入指标。’”

quota /ˈkwəʊtə/ 表示“定额；限额；配额”，英文解释为“an official limit on the number or amount of something that is allowed in a particular period”举个🌰：The government has decided to scrap quotas on car imports. 政府决定取消汽车进口配额。

Many snack bars and drinks with added fiber aren't things we should be having often anyway, says Abigail Johnson, associate director of the Nutrition Coordinating Center at the University of Minnesota School of Public Health. They often contain high amounts of added sugar and include additives such as emulsifiers, which studies have found cause dysfunction in the microbiome.

明尼苏达大学公共卫生学院(University of Minnesota School of Public Health)营养协调中心副主任阿比盖尔·约翰逊(Abigail Johnson)表示，许多添加纤维的零食棒和饮料本身就不该频繁食用。这类产品通常含有大量的添加糖，并含有乳化剂等添加剂，研究发现，这些添加剂会导致微生物群功能紊乱。

表示“（食品的）添加剂，添加物”，英文解释为“An additive is a substance which is added in small amounts to foods or other things in order to improve them or to make them last longer.”

📍词根“-ive”表示"具有...性质的"，前缀“add-”表示"添加"。想象你正在给食物添加"添加剂"以改善味道或外观。类似的：preservative（防腐剂）

Johnson worries that the added fiber, which is often touted on the label, gives these products a “health halo,” making them more appealing to consumers. About 53% of consumers say they plan to buy more high-fiber foods in 2025, according to a 19-country survey by NielsenIQ released in May.

约翰逊担心，这些在标签上大肆宣传的添加纤维成分会给这类产品带来“健康光环”，让消费者更倾心。根据NielsenIQ今年5月发布的一项涵盖19个国家的调查数据显示，约53%的消费者表示他们计划在2025年购买更多高纤维食品。

tout /taʊt/ 表示“标榜；吹捧；吹嘘”，英文解释为“to try to persuade people that sb/sth is important or valuable by praising them/it”举个🌰：A local car dealership was touting its services/wares on the radio. 一家地方汽车特许经销商正在当地电台作宣传。

🎬电影《大谎言家》（Big Fat Liar）中的台词提到：Big Fat Liar is already being touted as next summer's must-see movie event. 《大谎言家》已被誉为明年夏天必看的电影。

halo /ˈheɪ.ləʊ/ 1）表示“（宗教绘画中圣人头上的）光环”，英文解释为“a ring of light around the head of a holy person in a religious drawing or painting”

2）表示“（物体周围的）晕；圈”，英文解释为“a bright circle of light around something, or something that looks like this”如：the halo around the moon 月晕。

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