刚刚，日本首相石破茂宣布辞职

刚刚，日本首相石破茂宣布辞去自民党总裁职务（同步失去首相职位）。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. Based on the article, why might financial markets prefer a successor like Sanae Takaichi over Ishiba?

A. She has promised to cut government spending.

B. She advocates policies more favorable to market liquidity.

C. She strongly supports higher interest rates.

D. She is expected to follow Ishiba's trade policy.

无注释原文：

Japan PM Ishiba will resign to avoid party split, source says

From: Reuters

Embattled Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba will resign to avoid a split within his ruling party, a source close to the premier said on Sunday, pitching the world's fourth-largest economy into fresh political uncertainty.

A spokesperson for the Prime Minister's Office did not immediately have a comment when contacted by Reuters, but the government said Ishiba would hold a press conference at 6 p.m..

Since the former defence minister came to power in September last year, his coalition has lost its majorities in elections for both houses of parliament amid voter anger over rising living costs.

He had refused calls from within his Liberal Democratic Party - which has ruled Japan for almost all of the post-war era - to step down and take responsibility for the upper house loss in July.

Instead, he has focused on trying to iron out the final details of a deal with the United States on trade tariffs that have roiled its critical automotive industry.

Concern over political uncertainty led to a sell-off in the yen and Japanese government bonds last week, with the yield on the 30-year bond hitting a record high on Wednesday.

Speculation over Ishiba's fate increased when the LDP scheduled a vote for Monday on whether to hold an extraordinary leadership election.

While a fresh leadership race could add pain for an economy hit by U.S. tariffs, markets are focusing more on the chance of Ishiba being replaced by an advocate of looser fiscal and monetary policy, such as Sanae Takaichi, who has criticised the Bank of Japan's interest rate hikes.

Ishiba narrowly defeated Takaichi in last year's LDP leadership run-off. Shinjiro Koizumi, the telegenic political scion who has gained prominence as Ishiba's farm minister tasked with trying to cap soaring prices, is another possible successor.

"Given the political pressure mounting on Ishiba after the LDP's repeated election losses, his resignation was inevitable," said Kazutaka Maeda, economist at Meiji Yasuda Research Institute.

"As for potential successors, Koizumi and Takaichi are seen as the most likely candidates. While Koizumi is not expected to bring major changes, Takaichi’s stance on expansionary fiscal policy and her cautious approach to interest rate hikes could draw scrutiny from financial markets," Maeda said.

If Ishiba resigns, his last act as premier will have been to finalise details of a trade deal with the United States last week, under which Japan pledged $550 billion of investments in return for lower tariffs from U.S. President Donald Trump on Japan's key autos sector.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Japan PM Ishiba will resign to avoid party split, source says

From: Reuters

Embattled Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba will resign to avoid a split within his ruling party, a source close to the premier said on Sunday, pitching the world's fourth-largest economy into fresh political uncertainty.

据一位与首相关系密切的人士透露，危机四伏的日本首相石破茂（Shigeru Ishiba）将辞职，以避免其党内的分裂。此举让世界第四大经济体日本再次进入动荡期。

表示“危机四伏的；处境艰难的”，英文解释为“having a lot of problems or difficulties”如：embattled teachers 焦头烂额的老师。

pitch /pɪtʃ/ 作名词 1）表示“投球”，英文解释为“a throw in a baseball game”如：a good/bad pitch 质量好/差的投球。

2）表示“运动场地；（尤指）足球场”，英文解释为“an area painted with lines for playing particular sports, especially football”如：a football/hockey/cricket pitch 足球/曲棍球/板球赛场。

3）表示“（尤指乐音的）音高”，英文解释为“how high or low a sound is, especially a musical note”举个🌰：A basic sense of rhythm and pitch is essential in a music teacher. 基本的韵律感和音高感是音乐教师的必备素质。

4）表示“（感情、活动等的）程度，力度；（事物的）最高点”，英文解释为“the degree or strength of a feeling or activity; the highest point of sth”举个🌰：By this time their disagreement had reached such a pitch that there was no hope of an amicable conclusion. 此时，他们的分歧已如此之大，不可能善罢罢休。

5）表示“摊位”，英文解释为“a place in a public area where a person regularly sells goods or performs” 作动词，pitch /pɪtʃ/ 表示“竭力劝说”，英文解释为“to try to persuade someone to do something”举个🌰：She pitched her idea to me over a business lunch. 她在一次吃工作午餐时竭力向我游说她的想法。

6）be pitched into sth表示“突然有（某种不好的感觉）”，英文解释为“to suddenly experience a bad feeling”举个🌰：He was pitched (headlong) into despair by what happened to him in his final year at college. 大学最后一年发生的事使他一下子绝望了。

📍“pitch”还是一个商业术语，通常用于描述提出一个想法、产品、服务或企业给潜在的投资者、客户或合作伙伴的过程。可以将它翻译为“推销”，“销售提案”或“推介”。

A spokesperson for the Prime Minister's Office did not immediately have a comment when contacted by Reuters, but the government said Ishiba would hold a press conference at 6 p.m..

当路透社联系首相办公室时，其发言人未立即发表评论，但日本政府表示石破茂将在下午6点举行新闻发布会。

Since the former defence minister came to power in September last year, his coalition has lost its majorities in elections for both houses of parliament amid voter anger over rising living costs.

自去年9月就任首相以来，这位前防卫大臣所率领的执政联盟在国会参众两院的选举中相继失去多数席位，选民对生活成本上涨的不满是主要原因。

coalition /ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃən/ 表示“（不同政党或不同群体的人为特定目标而暂时形成的）联盟，同盟，联合体”，英文解释为“the joining together of different political parties or groups for a particular purpose, usually for a limited time, or a government that is formed in this way”

parliament /ˈpɑː.lɪ.mənt/ 表示“议会”，英文解释为“in some countries, the group of (usually) elected politicians or other people who make the laws for their country”

He had refused calls from within his Liberal Democratic Party - which has ruled Japan for almost all of the post-war era - to step down and take responsibility for the upper house loss in July.

尽管自由民主党（Liberal Democratic Party）内部有人要求他为7月参议院选举失利担责并下台，这位几乎长期掌控日本政权的党派成员依然拒绝让位。

表示“（英国）上议院；（美国）参议院”，英文解释为“one of the two parts that some parliaments are divided into”举个🌰：In the UK, the upper house is the House of Lords. 在英国，上议院又称贵族院。

Instead, he has focused on trying to iron out the final details of a deal with the United States on trade tariffs that have roiled its critical automotive industry.

相反，他专注于与美国敲定一项关于贸易关税协议的最后细节，而这些关税已扰乱了日本的核心汽车产业。

iron /aɪən/ sth out表示“消除；解决”，英文解释为“to remove problems or find solutions”举个🌰：We're still trying to iron out some problems with the computer system. 我们仍在试图解决计算机系统中的一些问题。

tariff /ˈtærɪf/ 表示“关税”，英文解释为“A tariff is a tax that a government collects on goods coming into a country.”

roil /rɔɪl/ 表示“扰乱；使混乱；使…停止正常运作”，英文解释为“Something that roils a state or situation makes it disturbed and confused.”也可以表示水的“激荡；翻腾”，英文解释：If water roils, it is rough and disturbed. 举个🌰：The water roiled to his left as he climbed carefully at the edge of the waterfall. 当他在瀑布边缘小心攀爬时，水飞溅到他左边。

Concern over political uncertainty led to a sell-off in the yen and Japanese government bonds last week, with the yield on the 30-year bond hitting a record high on Wednesday.

受不确定性影响，上周市场出现日元和日本国债的抛售潮，30年期日本国债收益率在周三创下新高。

表示“低价出售；廉价处理”，英文解释为“a sale of an unwanted business at a low price to encourage someone to buy it”或表示“（股票等的）抛售”，英文解释为“a sale of an investment, such as shares in a company, that causes its value to fall”

the yen /jen/ 表示“（相对于其他货币的）日元（价格）”，英文解释为“the value of the yen, used in comparing the values of different types of money from around the world”举个🌰：The yen fell/rose against (= was worth less/more compared to) the dollar today. 今天，日元对美元价格下跌/上升了。

作名词可以表示“公债；债券”，英文解释为“an official paper given by the government or a company to show that you have lent them money that they will pay back to you at a particular interest rate”

作动词，表示“联合；团结；建立关系”，英文解释为“to develop a close connection or strong relationship with someone, or to make someone do this”举个🌰： The aim was to bond the group into a closely knit team. 其目的在于使整个团体紧密团结在一起。

📍bonding本身可以作不可数名词，表示“人与人之间的关系（或联结）；亲密关系的形成”，英文解释为“the process of forming a special relationship with sb or with a group of people”，如：mother-child bonding 母子亲情，female bonding 女性的情谊。

yield 作动词，1）表示“出产（作物）；产生（收益、效益等）；提供”，英文解释为“to produce or provide sth, for example a profit, result or crop”举个🌰：Higher-rate deposit accounts yield good returns. 高利率的存款会产生丰厚的收益。

2）表示“（常指被迫）放弃，让出”，英文解释为“to give up the control of or responsibility for something, often because you have been forced to”举个🌰：Despite renewed pressure to give up the occupied territory, they will not yield. 尽管有新的压力要求放弃被占领的土地，他们就是不愿屈服。

作名词，表示“产生；出产；得出”，英文解释为“an amount of something positive, such as food or profit, that is produced or supplied”举个🌰：Crop yields have risen steadily. 农作物产量稳步增长。

Speculation over Ishiba's fate increased when the LDP scheduled a vote for Monday on whether to hold an extraordinary leadership election.

自民党（LDP）决定于周一投票表决是否举行临时党魁选举，这让外界对石破茂命运的猜测更加热烈。

speculation /ˌspek.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“推测；猜测；推断”，英文解释为“the act of forming opinions about what has happened or what might happen without knowing all the facts”举个🌰：There was widespread speculation that she was going to resign. 人们纷纷推测她将辞职。

2）表示“投机，投机买卖”，英文解释为“the act of speculating in order to make a profit”

While a fresh leadership race could add pain for an economy hit by U.S. tariffs, markets are focusing more on the chance of Ishiba being replaced by an advocate of looser fiscal and monetary policy, such as Sanae Takaichi, who has criticised the Bank of Japan's interest rate hikes.

虽然新党魁之争或许会令受美国关税打压的日本经济更加艰难，但市场更关心石破茂是否会被更倾向宽松财政与货币政策的人取代，比如曾批评日本央行加息的高市早苗（Sanae Takaichi）。

fiscal /ˈfɪs.kəl/ 表示“财政的；国库的”，英文解释为“Fiscal is used to describe something that relates to government money or public money, especially taxes.”

Ishiba narrowly defeated Takaichi in last year's LDP leadership run-off. Shinjiro Koizumi, the telegenic political scion who has gained prominence as Ishiba's farm minister tasked with trying to cap soaring prices, is another possible successor.

去年自民党党魁决选中，石破茂以微弱优势击败了高市早苗（Sanae Takaichi）。另一位潜在接班人是小泉进次郎（Shinjiro Koizumi），这位外形亮眼、出身政治世家的农业大臣，因承担遏制物价飙升的重任而备受关注。

narrowly /ˈnær.əʊ.li/ 作为副词，表示“勉强地；将将；以毫厘之差”，英文解释为“only by a small amount”，举个🌰：She narrowly missed winning the race. 她与大奖失之交臂。

补充：

📍narrow本身作形容词表示“狭窄，狭隘的，有限的”等，如：a narrow bridge/passage/gap 狭窄的桥梁/通道/缝隙，a narrow face 瘦长的脸；还可以指“勉强的，差距微小的”，英文解释为“If you have a narrow victory, you succeed in winning but only by a small amount.”举个🌰：Voters approved the plan by a narrow majority. 投票人以微弱的多数通过了这个方案。

📍narrow victory/defeat/majority/margin 险胜/惜败/微弱多数/微小的差距

📍a narrow escape表示“死里逃生”（a situation in which you avoid danger although you very nearly do not）举个🌰：We got out in time but it was a narrow escape. 我们险些未能及时逃脱。

📍a narrow squeak表示“险胜，侥幸成功”(a success that was almost a failure）举个🌰：We caught the ferry but it was a narrow squeak. 我们险些没赶上渡船。

📍narrow-minded（adj.）表示“心胸狭窄的，气量小的”（not willing to accept ideas or ways of behaving that are different from your own）如：narrow-minded opinions/views 狭隘的观点，a narrow-minded person 心胸狭窄的人。与之相反的是：broad-minded 心胸宽广的。

表示“（比赛打平后的）附加赛；（两名竞选者得票相同后的）决胜投票”，英文解释为“an extra competition or election to decide the winner, because the leading competitors have finished equal”

scion /ˈsaɪ.ən/ 表示“豪门望族的后裔，富家子弟”，英文解释为“a young member of a rich and famous family”举个🌰：He's the scion of a very wealthy newspaper-publishing family. 他出身于报业世家，家境殷实。

"Given the political pressure mounting on Ishiba after the LDP's repeated election losses, his resignation was inevitable," said Kazutaka Maeda, economist at Meiji Yasuda Research Institute.

明治安田综合研究所（Meiji Yasuda Research Institute）经济学家前田一孝（Kazutaka Maeda）表示：“随着自民党屡次在选举中失利，石破茂面临的压力骤增，他的辞职已不可避免。”

mount /maʊnt/ 作动词，1）表示“准备；安排；组织；开展，发动”，英文解释为“If you mount a campaign or event, you organize it and make it take place.”举个🌰：The National Gallery mounted an exhibition of American painting. 国家美术馆举办了美国画展。

2）表示“逐步增加；增长，上升”，就是increase的高级版，举个🌰：The death toll continues to mount. 死亡人数持续增加。

📍2019年9月，美国电子烟巨头Juul的CEO辞职时，经济学人的文章中用到了As concerns mount这一表达：Juul replaced its chief executive, as concerns mount about the health risks of e-cigarettes.

3）表示“安放，安装；镶嵌；裱贴”，英文解释为“to fix something to a wall, in a frame, etc., so that it can be looked at or used”举个🌰：The surveillance camera is mounted above the main door. 闭路电视的摄像机安装在大门的上方。

4）熟词僻义，作动词，表示“骑上（马、自行车等）”，英文解释为“to get on a horse, bicycle, etc.. in order to ride”举个🌰：She mounted her horse and rode off. 她骑上马走了。

mounting /ˈmaʊn.tɪŋ/ 作形容词，表示“增加的；加剧的”，英文解释为“gradually increasing”如：mounting anxiety/excitement 不断增长的焦虑/兴奋。

📺美剧《美国恐怖故事》（American Horror Story）中的台词提到：But there's mounting evidence that this man is a war criminal. 但是有大量的证据显示这人是个战犯。

"As for potential successors, Koizumi and Takaichi are seen as the most likely candidates. While Koizumi is not expected to bring major changes, Takaichi's stance on expansionary fiscal policy and her cautious approach to interest rate hikes could draw scrutiny from financial markets," Maeda said.

“外界普遍把小泉进次郎和高市早苗视为最有力的接班人选。若由小泉出面，政策大概率延续既有路线；而高市强调扩张性财政、对加息更为谨慎，这些取向或将成为金融市场重点评估的信号，”前田一孝（Kazutaka Maeda）说。

expansionary /ɪkˈspæn.ʃən.ər.i/ 表示“（财政政策）扩张性的”，英文解释为“intended to increase the amount of money that people and businesses spend”

If Ishiba resigns, his last act as premier will have been to finalise details of a trade deal with the United States last week, under which Japan pledged $550 billion of investments in return for lower tariffs from U.S. President Donald Trump on Japan's key autos sector.

如果石破茂辞职，那么他作为首相的最后一项举措将是上周敲定与美国的贸易协议细节。依据该协议，日本承诺投资5500亿美元，以换取美国总统在日本核心汽车行业降低关税。

pledge /pledʒ/ 1）作动词，表示“承诺，保证（做某事）；保证给予（某物）”，英文解释为“When someone pledges to do something, they promise in a serious way to do it. When they pledge something, they promise to give it.”举个🌰：He pledges support and offers to help in any way that he can. 他承诺给予支持并提供力所能及的帮助。

2）表示“抵押”，英文解释为“If you pledge something such as a valuable possession or a sum of money, you leave it with someone as a guarantee that you will repay money that you have borrowed.”举个🌰：He asked her to pledge the house as security for a loan. 他要她抵押房子作为贷款担保。

3）作名词，表示“誓言；诺言；保证”，英文解释为“When someone makes a pledge, they make a serious promise that they will do something.”举个🌰：The meeting ended with a pledge to step up cooperation between the states of the region. 会议以加快该地区州之间合作的承诺结束。

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