建议大家上厕所还是不要玩手机了

近日，最新研究发现，上厕所时刷手机或使患痔疮的风险增加近50%！

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. Why did the researchers choose colonoscopy patients as participants in their study?

A. Because they were already suspected to have haemorrhoids.

B. Because colonoscopy images provided objective evidence to check for haemorrhoids.

C. Because these patients tended to spend longer time on the toilet.

D. Because they represented a younger and more tech-savvy group.

无注释原文：

Smartphone scrolling on the toilet could increase risk of haemorrhoids

From: New Scientist

Do you use your smartphone while you sit on the toilet? If so, you are probably spending longer there than you would do otherwise – and that could be increasing your risk of haemorrhoids by nearly 50 per cent.

“Us gastroenterologists, we always tell our patients, ‘don't spend too much time on the toilet’,” says Trisha Pasricha at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts. “But when I went into the literature, I found that the data backing this advice is pretty scant.”

Pasricha and her colleagues have now done their own study, where they asked 125 people who were scheduled to have colonoscopies to fill out questionnaires about their toilet habits, general health and physical activities. Images from the colonoscopies were then reviewed to determine if they had haemorrhoids, also known as piles, which are lumps inside or around your bottom.

“They're actually very difficult for people to diagnose on their own,” says Pasricha. “Sometimes they're internal, so you can't feel them. Sometimes what you're feeling externally are not actually haemorrhoids.”

Two-thirds of the participants, who were all aged over 45, said they used their smartphone on the toilet. “If we were to do this in college students, which we are planning on doing, my guess is that we're going to find almost nobody who doesn't bring their smartphone into the loo,” says Pasricha.

In this study, 37 per cent of those who used their smartphone on the toilet spent more than 5 minutes on the WC on average, compared with just 7 per cent of those who didn't use their device there – that is, phone-users were about five times as likely to spend more than 5 minutes on the toilet.

However, the participants didn't seem to recognise this, with just 5 per cent acknowledging that using their smartphone increased the time they spent on the toilet most or all of the time. There was no statistically significant link between the participants' sex and the time they spent on the toilet.

After adjusting for factors such as age and activity levels, the team concluded that smartphone use on the toilet is associated with a 46 per cent greater risk of haemorrhoids. “Obviously our study didn't prove causation,” says Pasricha. To address this, the next study will be an intervention one – where some participants will be asked not to use phones on the WC, which should help gauge whether it really is a problem.

The team also found no association between straining and the risk of haemorrhoids. This may be surprising given how often this claim is made, but the evidence for it is very limited. In fact, some studies have found haemorrhoid risk is more closely linked to diarrhoea than constipation.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Smartphone scrolling on the toilet could increase risk of haemorrhoids

From: New Scientist

Do you use your smartphone while you sit on the toilet? If so, you are probably spending longer there than you would do otherwise – and that could be increasing your risk of haemorrhoids by nearly 50 per cent.

你上厕所时会用手机吗？如果会的话，你很可能在厕所待的时间比平常更长——而这可能会让你患痔疮（haemorrhoids）的风险增加近50％。

haemorrhoids /ˈhem.ər.ɔɪdz/ 表示“痔疮”，英文解释为“a medical condition in which the veins at the anus become swollen and painful and sometimes bleed”

“Us gastroenterologists, we always tell our patients, ‘don't spend too much time on the toilet’,” says Trisha Pasricha at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts. “But when I went into the literature, I found that the data backing this advice is pretty scant.”

“我们胃肠科医生总是提醒病人，‘不要在厕所里待太久’，”位于马萨诸塞州波士顿的贝斯以色列女执事医疗中心（Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center）的特丽莎·帕斯里查（Trisha Pasricha）说。“但当我查阅相关文献时，我发现这条忠告的科学依据其实非常有限。”

gastroenterologist /ˌɡæs.trəʊˌen.təˈrɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ 表示“胃肠病学家，消化科医师”，英文解释为“a doctor who specializes in diseases of the digestive system”

literature /ˈlɪt.rə.tʃər/ 作名词，1）表示“文献，文献资料”，英文解释为“all the information relating to a subject, especially information written by experts”

2）表示“文学；（尤指有传世价值的）文学作品”，英文解释为“written artistic works, especially those with a high and lasting artistic value”如：classical/modern literature 古典/现代文学。

scant /skænt/ 表示“少量的；不足的；贫乏的”，英文解释为“very little and not enough”举个🌰：He pays scant attention to the needs of his children. 他很少关注自己孩子的需求。

Pasricha and her colleagues have now done their own study, where they asked 125 people who were scheduled to have colonoscopies to fill out questionnaires about their toilet habits, general health and physical activities. Images from the colonoscopies were then reviewed to determine if they had haemorrhoids, also known as piles, which are lumps inside or around your bottom.

帕斯里查和同事们如今开展了自己的研究，他们请125名即将接受结肠镜检查的人填写问卷，内容涉及如厕习惯、健康状况和运动情况。随后研究人员分析了结肠镜检查影像，以判断这些人是否患有痔疮（又称piles），即肛门内外的肿块。

colonoscopy /ˌkəʊ.ləˈnɒs.kə.pi/ 表示“结肠镜检查”，英文解释为“a medical examination of the colon (= the lower part of the tube that takes solid waste out of your body)”

questionnaire /ˌkwes.tʃəˈneər/ 表示“问卷；情况调查表”，英文解释为“a list of questions that several people are asked so that information can be collected about something”

lump /lʌmp/ 作名词，1）表示“（通常指无固定形状的）块，团”，英文解释为“a piece of a solid substance, usually with no particular shape”如：a lump of coal 一块煤；

2）表示“（尤指因疾病或伤害而出现的）肿块”，英文解释为“a hard swelling found in or on the body, especially because of illness or injury”举个🌰：She found a lump in her breast. 她在胸部发现了一个肿块。

作动词，lump sb/sth together 表示“把…混到一块儿，把…合并在一起”，英文解释为“to put different groups together and think about them or deal with them in the same way”举个🌰：All the children are lumped together in one class, regardless of their ability. 不管资质如何，所有孩子都被合并到一个班。

“They're actually very difficult for people to diagnose on their own,” says Pasricha. “Sometimes they're internal, so you can't feel them. Sometimes what you're feeling externally are not actually haemorrhoids.”

“痔疮往往难以自行判断。”帕斯里查说，“有些是内痔，根本察觉不到；有些外部的肿块，实际上也并非痔疮。”

Two-thirds of the participants, who were all aged over 45, said they used their smartphone on the toilet. “If we were to do this in college students, which we are planning on doing, my guess is that we're going to find almost nobody who doesn't bring their smartphone into the loo,” says Pasricha.

这些研究对象均为45岁以上的成年人，其中约三分之二表示如厕时会用手机。帕斯里查说：“如果研究对象换成大学生群体——这是我们接下来的计划——我敢说几乎没有人上厕所不带手机。”

loo /luː/ 表示“厕所（toilet的非正式说法）”，英文解释为“informal for toilet”举个🌰：I'll just go to the loo. 我正要上厕所。

In this study, 37 per cent of those who used their smartphone on the toilet spent more than 5 minutes on the WC on average, compared with just 7 per cent of those who didn't use their device there – that is, phone-users were about five times as likely to spend more than 5 minutes on the toilet.

在这项研究中，37％如厕时使用手机的人平均在厕所花费超过5分钟，而不用手机的人里只有7％会超过5分钟。也就是说，手机使用者花费超过5分钟在厕所的可能性大约是后者的五倍。

However, the participants didn't seem to recognise this, with just 5 per cent acknowledging that using their smartphone increased the time they spent on the toilet most or all of the time. There was no statistically significant link between the participants' sex and the time they spent on the toilet.

然而，受访者似乎并未意识到这一点，只有5％的人承认使用手机确实延长了他们的如厕时间。研究还发现，性别与如厕时长之间并无显著统计学关联。

statistically /stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kəl.i/ 表示“统计学上”，英文解释为“in a way that relates to statistics”举个🌰：Researchers would not view this survey as being statistically valid. 研究人员不会认为这项调查在统计上是有效的。

After adjusting for factors such as age and activity levels, the team concluded that smartphone use on the toilet is associated with a 46 per cent greater risk of haemorrhoids. “Obviously our study didn't prove causation,” says Pasricha. To address this, the next study will be an intervention one – where some participants will be asked not to use phones on the WC, which should help gauge whether it really is a problem.

在控制了年龄、活动量等变量后，研究团队发现如厕时使用手机与患痔疮风险提高46％相关。帕斯里查表示：“当然，我们的研究不能证明两者是因果关系。”接下来，他们会做干预实验，要求一部分人上厕所时不用手机，以判断是否真的存在这种因果关系。

causation /kɔːˈzeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“因果过程；因果关系”，英文解释为“the process of causing something to happen or exist”

gauge /ɡeɪdʒ/ 1）表示“判定，判断（通常指人的感受）”，英文解释为“to make a judgment about something, usually people's feelings”举个🌰：A poll was conducted to gauge consumers' attitudes. 为了摸清消费者的看法，进行了一次民意调查。

2）表示“（尤指用测量仪器）测量，计量，测算”，英文解释为“to calculate an amount, especially by using a measuring device”举个🌰：Use a thermometer to gauge the temperature. 用温度计测量一下温度。

The team also found no association between straining and the risk of haemorrhoids. This may be surprising given how often this claim is made, but the evidence for it is very limited. In fact, some studies have found haemorrhoid risk is more closely linked to diarrhoea than constipation.

研究团队还发现，排便时过度用力与患痔疮风险并无直接联系。虽然这一结论出乎意料，因为这种说法流传已久，但相关证据确实有限。相反，一些研究表明，痔疮风险和腹泻的关系甚至比便秘更为密切。

作动词，表示“（使）紧张，（使）承受压力；拉紧，绷紧；损伤”，英文解释为“to become stretched or to experience pressure, or to make something do or experience this”

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述埃森哲的文章中提到：In 2000 Andersen Consulting finally severed its strained ties to its parent. 2000年，安盛咨询（Andersen Consulting）最终断绝了与母公司的紧张关系。

diarrhoea /ˌdaɪəˈriːə/ 表示“腹泻”，英文解释为“If someone has diarrhoea, a lot of liquid faeces comes out of their body because they are ill.”举个🌰：But the food itself was barely digestible, and many team members suffered from diarrhoea or constipation. 但食物本身难以消化,许多队员患了腹泻或便秘。

constipation /ˌkɒn.stɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“便秘”，英文解释为“a condition which makes someone unable to empty their bowels as often as they should”如：to get/have/suffer from constipation 患上/有/患有便秘。

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