长期失眠或增加40%痴呆风险
LearnAndRecord约 9 分钟近日，最新研究发现，慢性失眠患者（即指每周至少3天出现睡眠障碍且持续3个月以上）罹患轻度认知障碍或痴呆症的风险比不失眠者高出40%。
🤔️小作业：
1. What is the central message of the article?
A. Chronic insomnia causes Alzheimer's disease.
B. Chronic insomnia may accelerate brain decline and increase dementia risk.
C. People with insomnia are guaranteed to lose memory faster than others.
D. Sleep medications can prevent the risk of dementia.
无注释原文：
Sleepless nights may raise dementia risk by 40%, Mayo Clinic reveals
From: Science Daily
People with chronic insomnia may experience faster declines in memory and thinking skills as they age -- along with brain changes that can be seen on imaging scans -- than people who do not have chronic insomnia, according to a study published in the September 10, 2025, issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.
The study found that people with chronic insomnia -- trouble sleeping at least three days a week for three months or more -- had a 40% higher risk of developing mild cognitive impairment or dementia than those without insomnia, which is the equivalent of 3.5 additional years of aging. The study does not prove that insomnia causes brain aging, it only shows an association.
"Insomnia doesn't just affect how you feel the next day -- it may also impact your brain health over time," said study author Diego Z. Carvalho, MD, of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and a member of the American Academy of Neurology. "We saw faster decline in thinking skills and changes in the brain that suggest chronic insomnia could be an early warning sign or even a contributor to future cognitive problems."
The study tracked a group of cognitively healthy older adults -- 2,750 people with an average age of 70 -- for an average of 5.6 years. Of participants, 16% had chronic insomnia.
At the start of the study, participants were asked whether they had been sleeping more or less than usual during the past two weeks. They also took yearly thinking and memory tests, and some had brain scans to look for white matter hyperintensities -- areas where small vessel disease may have damaged brain tissue -- and for amyloid plaques, a protein that can build up and is linked to Alzheimer's disease.
During the study, 14% of the people with chronic insomnia developed mild cognitive impairment or dementia, compared to 10% of those who did not have insomnia.
After accounting for factors like age, high blood pressure, use of sleep medications and a diagnosis of sleep apnea, they found that people with insomnia were 40% more likely to develop mild cognitive impairment or dementia than those without insomnia. They also had faster declines on tests measuring different thinking skills.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Sleepless nights may raise dementia risk by 40%, Mayo Clinic reveals
From: Science Daily
People with chronic insomnia may experience faster declines in memory and thinking skills as they age -- along with brain changes that can be seen on imaging scans -- than people who do not have chronic insomnia, according to a study published in the September 10, 2025, issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.
根据2025年9月10日发表于《神经学》（Neurology，美国神经病学学会医学期刊）的一项研究，慢性失眠患者在衰老过程中，记忆力和思维能力下降的速度可能比非慢性失眠者更快，同时还会出现影像学可见的脑部异常。
chronic
chronic /ˈkrɒnɪk/ 1）表示“（疾病）慢性的，长期的”，英文解释为“a chronic disease or illness is one that continues for a long time and cannot be cured”如：chronic arthritis表示“慢性关节炎”。
2）表示“（问题）长期的”，英文解释为“a chronic problem is one that continues for a long time and cannot easily be solved”举个🌰：There is a chronic shortage of teachers. 长期存在师资短缺的问题。
3）还有一种解释是用来形容人“积习难改”，如“长期酗酒/沉迷赌博等的人”我们就可以用chronic alcoholic/gambler表示。
insomnia
insomnia /ɪnˈsɒmnɪə/ 表示“失眠（症）”，英文解释为“the condition of being unable to sleep, over a period of time”举个🌰：He suffered from insomnia caused by stress at work. 他因为工作压力失眠了好几个月。
neurology
neurology /njʊəˈrɒl.ə.dʒi/ 表示“神经学；神经病学”，英文解释为“the study of the structure and diseases of the brain and all the nerves in the body”
The study found that people with chronic insomnia -- trouble sleeping at least three days a week for three months or more -- had a 40% higher risk of developing mild cognitive impairment or dementia than those without insomnia, which is the equivalent of 3.5 additional years of aging. The study does not prove that insomnia causes brain aging, it only shows an association.
研究发现，慢性失眠（即每周至少三天入睡困难且持续三个月以上）的人，患轻度认知障碍或痴呆的风险比未失眠者高40%，相当于提前衰老3.5年。不过，这项研究仅能证明两者存在相关性，并不能说明失眠直接导致大脑衰老。
cognitive
cognitive /ˈkɒɡ.nə.tɪv/ 表示“认知的；感知的；认识的”，英文解释为“Cognitive means relating to the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things.”举个🌰：As children grow older, their cognitive processes become sharper. 随着孩子们长大，他们的认知过程也变得越来越敏锐了。
impairment
impairment /ɪmˈpeə.mənt/ 表示“损伤，损害”，英文解释为“the act of spoiling something or making it weaker so that it is less effective”
表示“（身体机能的）障碍；损伤”，英文解释为“If someone has an impairment, they have a condition that prevents their eyes, ears, limbs or brain from working properly.”举个🌰： He has a visual impairment in the right eye. 他的右眼有视力损伤。
dementia
dementia /dɪˈmenʃə/ 表示“（尤指老年性）痴呆”，英文解释为“a medical condition that affects especially old people, causing the memory and other mental abilities to gradually become worse, and leading to confused behaviour”
equivalent
equivalent /ɪˈkwɪv.əl.ənt/ 1）作形容词，表示“（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的”，英文解释为“equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.”举个🌰：Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles. 八公里约等于五英里。
2）作名词，表示“相等的东西；等量；对应词”，英文解释为“a thing, amount, word, etc. that is equivalent to sth else”
"Insomnia doesn't just affect how you feel the next day -- it may also impact your brain health over time," said study author Diego Z. Carvalho, MD, of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and a member of the American Academy of Neurology. "We saw faster decline in thinking skills and changes in the brain that suggest chronic insomnia could be an early warning sign or even a contributor to future cognitive problems."
该研究作者、美国神经病学学会成员、明尼苏达州罗切斯特梅奥诊所的卡瓦略（Diego Z. Carvalho）医生表示：“失眠不仅影响你第二天的状态——它可能会长期损害大脑健康。我们观察到失眠患者思维能力下降更快，以及脑部出现变化，这意味着慢性失眠可能是未来认知障碍的早期信号，甚至是潜在诱因。”
The study tracked a group of cognitively healthy older adults -- 2,750 people with an average age of 70 -- for an average of 5.6 years. Of participants, 16% had chronic insomnia.
该研究团队对一组认知正常的老年人进行随访调查，共有2750人，平均年龄70岁，随访时长约5.6年，其中16%的人患有慢性失眠。
At the start of the study, participants were asked whether they had been sleeping more or less than usual during the past two weeks. They also took yearly thinking and memory tests, and some had brain scans to look for white matter hyperintensities -- areas where small vessel disease may have damaged brain tissue -- and for amyloid plaques, a protein that can build up and is linked to Alzheimer's disease.
研究初期，受试者需回答近两周的睡眠量是否有变化，并每年接受认知和记忆测试。其中部分人还进行了脑部影像学检查，检测白质高信号（揭示小血管病变损伤脑组织的区域）和淀粉样蛋白斑块（一种可堆积且与阿尔茨海默病相关的蛋白）。
vessel
vessel /ˈvɛsəl/ 1）表示“（盛液体的）容器，器皿”，英文解释为“a container used for holding liquids, such as a bowl, cup, etc.”如：a Bronze Age drinking vessel 青铜器时代的饮具。
2）表示“船，舰”，英文解释为“a large boat or a ship”如：a cargo / fishing / naval / patrol / sailing / supply vessel 货船 / 渔船 / 海军舰艇 / 巡逻艇 / 帆船 / 补给船。
3）表示“（人体的）血管，脉管”，英文解释为“a tube that carries liquids such as blood through the body”举个🌰：A heart attack is caused by the blood vessels that supply the blood to the heart muscle getting blocked. 心脏病发作是由于向心肌供血的血管堵塞引起的。
📍词源和词根：来自拉丁语的vasellum，意为“小船或容器”，来自更早的词vas，意为“容器”。
protein
protein /ˈprəʊ.tiːn/ 表示“蛋白质”，英文解释为“one of the many substances found in food such as meat, cheese, fish, or eggs, that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong”
During the study, 14% of the people with chronic insomnia developed mild cognitive impairment or dementia, compared to 10% of those who did not have insomnia.
随访期间，慢性失眠人群中有14%罹患轻度认知障碍或痴呆，而没有失眠困扰的人群中这一比例为10%。
After accounting for factors like age, high blood pressure, use of sleep medications and a diagnosis of sleep apnea, they found that people with insomnia were 40% more likely to develop mild cognitive impairment or dementia than those without insomnia. They also had faster declines on tests measuring different thinking skills.
研究人员在排除了年龄、高血压、使用安眠药和睡眠呼吸暂停等因素的影响后，发现失眠人群罹患轻度认知障碍或痴呆的风险仍高出40%，且其认知能力测试下降更快。
sleep apnea
sleep apnea /ˈæp.ni.ə/ 也拼作sleep apnoea，表示“睡眠中呼吸暂停”，英文解释为“a medical condition in which someone stops breathing for a short time when sleeping”。睡眠呼吸暂停（又译作睡眠呼吸中止症或睡眠窒息症）是一种在睡眠期间，暂停呼吸或呼吸减弱症状导致的睡眠紊乱。
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