早上还是晚上洗澡好？

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. According to microbiologist Primrose Freestone, why might night showers not guarantee going to bed clean?

A. Because soap residues can remain on the skin overnight

B. Because bacteria regenerate rapidly after washing

C. Because humans continue to sweat and shed skin cells while sleeping

D. Because dust mites are active at night

无注释原文：

Is it better to shower in the morning or at night?  

From: BBC

Some people prefer to shower in the morning, others in the evening. Who is doing it the right way?

In this increasingly polarised world we live in, there is one question that perhaps divides us more than any other – do you shower first thing in the morning, or last thing at night? Or perhaps you are one of the 34% of the American population who do not shower daily.

Whichever camp you belong to, you may wonder what impact your choice has on your health.

Morning shower advocates often argue that standing for 10 minutes under a torrent of hot water helps them to wake up and feel fresh and ready to start the day.

Yet nighttime bathers argue that showering before bed helps them wash the day's grime away before they slip under the covers and succumb to blissful sleep. 

So what does the science say on which is actually more beneficial for us? 

Showering helps to remove the dirt, sweat and oil from our skin. This can accumulate throughout the day, along with pollutants, dust and pollen from the environment. If you don't shower before bed, this detritus is deposited onto your sheets and pillowcase.

This isn't all. Your skin is teeming with microbial life. Zoom in on any square centimetre of skin and you'll find between 10,000 to one million bacteria living there. They feed off the oil secreted from your sweat glands. While sweat itself doesn't smell, the sulphurous compounds produced by bacteria like staphylococcus certainly do.

So showering before bed may seem like the more hygienic option. However, as ever, the truth is more complicated than that.

"If you shower at night you go to bed nice and clean, but you'll still sweat overnight," says Primrose Freestone, a microbiologist at the University of Leicester. 

According to Freestone, even in cold weather a person will still sweat up to half a pint of sweat into the bed, and deposit 50,000 or more skin cells – an all-you-can-eat buffet for dust mites.

So where does this leave us in answering the question: is a morning or evening shower best? Freestone prefers a morning shower, as this will scrub away much of the sweat and microbes picked up during the night from the bed, allowing you to start the day fresher and cleaner. 

However, it's probable that your decision will make very little difference to your health – it's more a case of whether you prefer being fresh and clean during the day, or at night.

"If you're showering once a day, it probably doesn't really matter what time of day you do it," says Wilkinson. 

In fact as long as you give the key areas a daily wash, a shower or bath twice a week is probably enough to maintain health and hygiene.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Is it better to shower in the morning or at night?  

From: BBC

Some people prefer to shower in the morning, others in the evening. Who is doing it the right way?

有些人喜欢早上洗澡，有些人则偏好晚上。那么，哪种方法才是正确的？

In this increasingly polarised world we live in, there is one question that perhaps divides us more than any other – do you shower first thing in the morning, or last thing at night? Or perhaps you are one of the 34% of the American population who do not shower daily.

在这个日益分化的世界，这个问题或许比其他议题更具争议——你是早上一起床就洗澡，还是睡前洗？又或者，你是34%的美国人中的一员，不每天洗澡。

英式 polarise 美式 polarize /ˈpoʊ.lə.raɪz/ 表示“使两极分化，使截然对立”，英文解释为“to cause something, especially something that contains different people or opinions, to divide into two completely opposing groups”举个🌰：The debate is becoming polarized and there seems to be no middle ground. 辩论变得两极化了，看起来没有中间立场。

polarized /ˈpəʊ.lə.raɪzd/ 表示“两极化的”，英文解释为“divided into two completely opposing groups”举个🌰：The debate is becoming polarized and there seems to be no middle ground. 辩论变得两极化了，看起来没有中间立场。

Whichever camp you belong to, you may wonder what impact your choice has on your health.

无论你属于哪一派，可能都会好奇：这个选择对健康有何影响？

Morning shower advocates often argue that standing for 10 minutes under a torrent of hot water helps them to wake up and feel fresh and ready to start the day.

支持早上洗澡的一派认为，在热水下站10分钟能帮助清醒、提神，为一天做好准备。

1）表示“拥护者；支持者；提倡者；主张人”，英文解释为“An advocate of a particular action or plan is someone who recommends it publicly.”如：an advocate for hospital workers 医院工作人员的支持者。

2）表示“为 (某团体) 谋利益者”，英文解释为“An advocate for a particular group is a person who works for the interests of that group.”如：advocates for the homeless 为无家可归者谋利益的人。

3）表示“辩护律师”，英文解释为“An advocate is a lawyer who speaks in favour of someone or defends them in a court of law.”

本义表示“急流；激流；湍流”，引申为表示“（漫骂或问题的）迸发；连发；狂潮”，英文解释为“A torrent of abuse or questions is a lot of abuse or questions directed continuously at someone.”如：a torrent of words 滔滔不绝的话语，举个🌰：He turned around and directed a torrent of abuse at me. 他转过身对我破口大骂了一通。

torrents表示“大量”，英文解释为“large amounts”如：torrents of rain 倾盆大雨 举个🌰：The rain came down/fell in torrents. 大雨倾盆而下。

Yet nighttime bathers argue that showering before bed helps them wash the day's grime away before they slip under the covers and succumb to blissful sleep. 

而赞同晚上洗澡的一派则主张，睡前洗澡能清除一天的汗水与脏污，让人更容易入睡。

grime /ɡraɪm/ 表示“污垢，尘垢，积垢”，英文解释为“a layer of dirt on skin or on a building”举个🌰：The walls were covered with grime. 墙上满是污垢。

slip /slɪp/ 作动词，1）表示“滑倒；滑跤；溜走”，也可以指“摆脱；挣脱；松开；放走”，英文解释为“to get free; to make sth/sb/yourself free from sth”举个🌰：The ship had slipped its moorings in the night. 那艘船在夜间漂离了停泊处。

2）表示“变糟；下降，退步”，英文解释为“to go into a worse state, often because of lack of control or care”举个🌰：Productivity in the factory has slipped noticeably in the last year. 工厂一年来生产率显著下降。

作名词，熟词僻义，1）表示“纸条；小纸片”，英文解释为“a small piece of paper”如：a slip of paper 一张纸条。

2）表示“小错误，疏漏”，英文解释为“a small mistake”举个🌰：She's made one or two slips - mainly spelling errors - but it's basically well written. 她犯了一两个小错误——主要是拼写错误——不过基本上写得很不错。

succumb /səˈkʌm/ 1）表示“屈从，屈服；放弃抵抗；承认失败”，英文解释为“to lose the determination to oppose something; to accept defeat”举个🌰：I'm afraid I succumbed to temptation and had a piece of cake. 我还是没顶住诱惑，吃了一块蛋糕。

2）表示“病死；生病；受病痛折磨”，英文解释为“to die or suffer badly from an illness”举个🌰：Thousands of cows have succumbed to the disease in the past few months. 过去几个月里，几千头奶牛都得了这种病。

📍词根“-cumb”表示"躺下"，前缀“suc-”表示"下面"。想象一个人因为受伤而"succumb"。

blissful /ˈblɪs.fəl/ 表示“极乐的；极幸福的”，英文解释为“extremely or completely happy”如：a blissful childhood/holiday 快乐的童年/假日。

So what does the science say on which is actually more beneficial for us? 

那么，科学告诉我们哪种方式实际上更有益呢？

Showering helps to remove the dirt, sweat and oil from our skin. This can accumulate throughout the day, along with pollutants, dust and pollen from the environment. If you don't shower before bed, this detritus is deposited onto your sheets and pillowcase.

科学研究指出，洗澡有助于清除皮肤上的汗水、油脂与脏污，这些物质在一天中会与空气中的污染物、灰尘与花粉混合。若不在睡前洗澡，这些残留物可能会沾染床单与枕头。

accumulate /əˈkjuː.mjə.leɪt/ 表示“积累；积聚；积攒”，英文解释为“to collect a large number of things over a long period of time”举个🌰：As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes. 人们积累了更多财富后，他们的花费占收入的比重也往往会增加。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述疫情期间房价上涨的文章中提到：Professionals who have carried on working from home but cut back on their spending have accumulated cash to splash. 那些改换成在家中继续工作但减少了开支的专业人士则积攒了可大笔支出的现金。

对比：

📍amass 表示“（尤指大量）积累，积聚”，英文解释为“to collect sth, especially in large quantities”举个🌰：He amassed a fortune from delivering newspapers.他靠送报纸积累了一笔财富。

📍rack up表示“大量获得（利润）；严重遭受（损失）；（体育中）多次赢得（比赛）”，英文解释为“If a business racks up profits, losses, or sales, it makes a lot of them. If a sportsman, sportswoman, or team racks up wins, they win a lot of games or races.”

pollutant /pəˈluː.tənt/ 表示“污染物，污染物质”，英文解释为“a substance that pollutes”举个🌰：Sulphur dioxide is one of several pollutants that are released into the atmosphere by coal-fired power stations. 二氧化硫是火力发电站排放到大气中的若干污染物之一。

pollen /ˈpɒl.ən/ 表示“花粉”，英文解释为“a powder, produced by the male part of a flower, that causes the female part of the same type of flower to produce seeds. It is carried by insects or the wind.”

detritus /dɪˈtraɪ.təs/ 表示“（尤指某项活动后留下的）废弃物，垃圾”，英文解释为“waste material or rubbish, especially left after a particular event”举个🌰：The stadium was littered with the detritus of yesterday's concert. 体育场里到处都是昨天举行音乐会后留下的垃圾。

deposit /dɪˈpɒz.ɪt/ 作名词，1）表示“沉淀物，沉积物”，英文解释为“a substance or layer that is left, usually after a liquid is removed”举个🌰：Decant the wine carefully, so that you leave the deposit in the bottom of the bottle. 将酒小心倒出，以免把瓶底的沉淀物带出来。

2）表示“预付款，定金”，英文解释为“an amount of money that you pay as the first part of the total payment for something”或者表示“押金”，英文解释为“an amount of money that you pay when you rent something, and is returned to you when you return the thing you have rented”

作动词，1）表示“（在银行或保险柜中）存放，存储（尤指钱款）”，英文解释为“to put something valuable, especially money, in a bank or safe (= strong box or cupboard with locks)”举个🌰：There's a night safe outside the bank, so you can deposit money whenever you wish. 银行外面有夜间保险箱，你可以随时把钱存进去。

2）表示“留下；存放”，英文解释为“to leave something somewhere”举个🌰：The flood waters fell, depositing mud over the whole area. 洪水退去后留下的淤泥覆盖了整个区域。

This isn't all. Your skin is teeming with microbial life. Zoom in on any square centimetre of skin and you'll find between 10,000 to one million bacteria living there. They feed off the oil secreted from your sweat glands. While sweat itself doesn't smell, the sulphurous compounds produced by bacteria like staphylococcus certainly do.

这还不是全部。人体皮肤表面充满微生物生命——每平方公分皮肤上约有1万至100万个细菌，它们以汗腺分泌的油脂为食。虽然汗本身无味，但像葡萄球菌等细菌产生的含硫化合物则会散发异味。

teem with something表示“充满；有很多”，英文解释为“to contain large numbers of animals or people”举个🌰：For most of the year, the area is teeming with tourists. 一年的大部分时间里这个地方都挤满了游客。

secrete /sɪˈkriːt/ 表示“（动植物或其细胞）分泌”，英文解释为“(of animals or plants or their cells) to produce and release a liquid”举个🌰：Saliva is a liquid secreted by glands in or near the mouth. 唾液是由嘴中或嘴部周围的腺体分泌的一种液体。

sulphurous /ˈsʌl.fər.əs/ 表示“含硫的；似硫的”，英文解释为“containing or similar to sulphur (= a pale yellow chemical element)”举个🌰：A sulphurous smell filled the air. 空气中充满了一股硫磺味。

compound /ˈkɒm.paʊnd/ 作名词，1）表示“化合物，复合物，混合物”，英文解释为“a chemical that combines two or more elements”举个🌰：Salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine. 盐是钠和氯的化合物。

2）表示“（围起来的）场地，楼群，院落”，英文解释为“an area surrounded by fences or walls that contains a group of buildings”举个🌰：They marched into the compound. 他们进入大院。

作动词，表示“使加重，使加剧，使恶化”，英文解释为“to make a problem or difficult situation worse”举个🌰：Her terror was compounded by the feeling that she was being watched. 她有种被人监视的感觉，这加剧了她的恐惧感。

🎬电影《盗梦空间》（Inception）中的台词提到：And when you enter a dream within that dream, the effect is compounded. 当你进入梦中梦，效果会更强。

作形容词，表示“复合的”，英文解释为“consisting of two or more parts”或者表示“（利息）以复利计算的”，英文解释为“used to refer to a system of paying interest in which interest is paid both on the original amount of money invested (= given to companies hoping to get more back) or borrowed and on the interest that has collected over a period of time”如：compound interest 复利。

So showering before bed may seem like the more hygienic option. However, as ever, the truth is more complicated than that.

因此，睡前洗澡似乎是更卫生的选择。但事实往往比表面更复杂。

hygienic /haɪˈdʒiː.nɪk/ 表示“卫生的（尤指预防疾病的）”，英文解释为“clean, especially in order to prevent disease”举个🌰：It isn't hygienic to let animals sit on the dining table. 让宠物坐在餐桌上是不卫生的。

"If you shower at night you go to bed nice and clean, but you'll still sweat overnight," says Primrose Freestone, a microbiologist at the University of Leicester. 

英国莱斯特大学微生物学家普里姆罗斯·弗里斯通（Primrose Freestone）指出，“如果你晚上洗澡，确实是干净入睡，但你在睡觉时仍会出汗。”

According to Freestone, even in cold weather a person will still sweat up to half a pint of sweat into the bed, and deposit 50,000 or more skin cells – an all-you-can-eat buffet for dust mites.

她表示，即使在寒冷天气下，一个人一晚仍可能在床上流汗达半品脱（pint，半品脱约280毫升），并脱落超过5万个皮肤细胞——这些都是尘螨的自助餐。

all-you-can-eat /ɔːl.jə.kənˈiːt/ 表示“随意吃的，吃到饱的（一餐）”，英文解释为“used to describe a meal at a restaurant where people can serve themselves as much food as they want”举个🌰：The bar has an all-you-can-eat buffet lunch for $10. 这个酒吧提供十美元的随意吃自助午餐。

buffet /ˈbʊf.eɪ/ 表示“自助餐”，英文解释为“a meal where people serve themselves different types of food”举个🌰：Are you having a sit-down meal or a buffet at the wedding? 你办婚礼想摆桌宴还是提供自助餐？

dust mite /ˈdʌst ˌmaɪt/ 表示“尘螨”，英文解释为“a very small insect that lives in beds, carpets, curtains, etc. and can make people sneeze or have a runny nose or sore skin if they have an allergy to them”

So where does this leave us in answering the question: is a morning or evening shower best? Freestone prefers a morning shower, as this will scrub away much of the sweat and microbes picked up during the night from the bed, allowing you to start the day fresher and cleaner. 

那么，早上洗澡还是晚上洗澡比较好？莱斯特大学的弗里斯通认为，早上洗澡更理想，因为这能清除夜间在床上积累的汗水与微生物，让人以更清爽的状态开始一天。

scrub /skrʌb/ 1）表示“（尤指用硬刷、肥皂和水）擦洗，刷洗”，英文解释为“to rub something hard in order to clean it, especially using a stiff brush, soap, and water”举个🌰：She scrubbed (at) the mark on the wall for a long time, but it wouldn't come off. 她花了很长时间擦洗墙上的印迹，但仍然没有擦掉。

2）表示“取消（原计划）”，英文解释为“to decide not to do something you had planned to do”举个🌰：We had to scrub our plans when I lost my job. 我失业了，我们不得不取消计划。

However, it's probable that your decision will make very little difference to your health – it's more a case of whether you prefer being fresh and clean during the day, or at night.

但整体而言，这个选择对健康的影响可能微乎其微——重点在于你偏好在白天还是夜晚保持清洁。

"If you're showering once a day, it probably doesn't really matter what time of day you do it," says Wilkinson. 

赫尔大学的威尔金森则表示：“如果你每天洗一次澡，其实什么时间洗都没太大差别。”

In fact as long as you give the key areas a daily wash, a shower or bath twice a week is probably enough to maintain health and hygiene. 

事实上，只要每天清洗身体的重点部位，每周洗澡或泡澡两次就足以维持基本健康与卫生。

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