建议国庆节不要减肥

我和我的祖国，一克也不能分割

假期愉快~！

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. Which of the following best captures the central message of the article?

A. Exercise can effectively prevent obesity if done regularly

B. Obesity is inevitable in industrialized societies due to lower activity levels

C. Diet plays a more crucial role than exercise in addressing obesity

D. Public health should discourage all sedentary behavior to reduce obesity

无注释原文：

You can't outrun a bad diet. Food — not lack of exercise — fuels obesity, study finds

From: NPR

Back in the 1800s, obesity was almost nonexistent in the United States. Over the last century, it's become common here and in other industrialized nations, though it remains rare among people who live more traditional lifestyles, such as the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania.

So what's changed? One common explanation is that as societies have developed, they've also become more sedentary, and people have gotten less active. The assumption is that as a result, we burn fewer calories each day, contributing to an energy imbalance that leads to weight gain over time, says Herman Pontzer, a professor of evolutionary biology and global health at Duke University who studies how human metabolism has evolved.

But in a major new study published in the journal PNAS, Pontzer and an international team of collaborators found that's not the case. They compared the daily total calorie burn for people from 34 different countries and cultures around the world. The people involved ran the spectrum from hunter-gatherers and farming populations with low obesity rates, to people in more sedentary jobs in places like Europe and the U.S., where obesity is widespread.

"Surprisingly, what we find is that actually, the total calories burned per day is really similar across these populations, even though the lifestyle and the activity levels are really different," says Pontzer.

And that finding offers strong evidence that diet — not a lack of physical activity — is the major driver of weight gain and obesity in our modern world.

"This does sort of really fly in the face of what a lot of us anecdotally assumed was driving a lot of the weight gain and obesity today," says Deirdre Tobias, an obesity and nutritional epidemiologist at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Tobias was not involved in the new research.

The new findings have big implications for obesity. If differences in calorie burn can't explain why some countries have higher obesity rates than others, then it must be something else. "And that would be diet," says Tobias, who praised the design of the new study.

Now, this doesn't mean there's no reason to exercise. After all, it's good for our mental and physical health in so many ways that have nothing to do with weight.

But it does mean we can't outrun a bad diet. Pontzer says if we want to tackle obesity, the public health message should focus on changing what's on our plates.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

You can't outrun a bad diet. Food — not lack of exercise — fuels obesity, study finds

From: NPR

Back in the 1800s, obesity was almost nonexistent in the United States. Over the last century, it's become common here and in other industrialized nations, though it remains rare among people who live more traditional lifestyles, such as the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania.

19世纪的美国几乎没有肥胖现象。进入20世纪以后，随着工业化的发展，美国和其他发达国家的肥胖现象日益普遍，但在仍维持传统生活方式的群体中，比如坦桑尼亚的哈扎族狩猎采集者，肥胖依旧少见。

obesity /oʊˈbiːsəti/ 表示“肥胖”，英文解释为“the fact of being extremely fat, in a way that is dangerous for health”

📍词根“obes-”来自拉丁语“obesus”，意味着“肥胖的”。近义词：overweight（超重），同根词：obese（肥胖的），常用短语：combat obesity（对抗肥胖症）

industrialized /ɪnˈdʌs.tri.ə.laɪzd/ 表示“工业化的”，英文解释为“having developed a lot of industry”如：industrialized nations/countries 工业化国家。

hunter-gatherer /ˌhʌn.təˈɡæð.ər.ər/ 表示“采猎者，狩猎采集者（指靠野生动植物为生的部族成员）”，英文解释为“a member of a society that lives by hunting and collecting wild food, rather than by farming”

So what's changed? One common explanation is that as societies have developed, they've also become more sedentary, and people have gotten less active. The assumption is that as a result, we burn fewer calories each day, contributing to an energy imbalance that leads to weight gain over time, says Herman Pontzer, a professor of evolutionary biology and global health at Duke University who studies how human metabolism has evolved.

那么，问题出在哪？普遍的解释是，社会进步让人们生活方式更趋于久坐，活动量减少。杜克大学进化生物学与全球健康教授赫尔曼·庞策（Herman Pontzer）指出，这种观点认为，人们每天消耗的热量减少，能量收支失衡随之出现，体重便会逐渐上升。

sedentary /ˈsed.ən.tər.i/ 表示“需要久坐的；缺乏锻炼的，少活动的”，英文解释为“involving little exercise or physical activity”如：a sedentary job/occupation 久坐的工作/职业。

assumption /əˈsʌmp.ʃən/ 表示“假定；假设；臆断”，英文解释为“something that you accept as true without question or proof”举个🌰：These calculations are based on the assumption that prices will continue to rise. 这些计算是基于价格会继续上升这一假定之上的。

calorie /ˈkæl.ər.i/ 表示“卡，卡路里（测量食物所含热量的单位）”，英文解释为“a unit of energy, often used as a measurement of the amount of energy that food provides”举个🌰：There are about 50 calories in an apple. 一个苹果大约含有50卡路里的热量。

metabolism /mɪˈtæbəˌlɪzəm/ 表示“新陈代谢”，英文解释为“the chemical processes in living things that change food, etc. into energy and materials for growth”举个🌰：The body's metabolism is slowed down by extreme cold. 严寒可以使身体新陈代谢的速度下降。

But in a major new study published in the journal PNAS, Pontzer and an international team of collaborators found that's not the case. They compared the daily total calorie burn for people from 34 different countries and cultures around the world. The people involved ran the spectrum from hunter-gatherers and farming populations with low obesity rates, to people in more sedentary jobs in places like Europe and the U.S., where obesity is widespread.

然而，庞策及其国际合作团队在最新发表于《美国国家科学院院刊》（PNAS）的研究中发现，情况并非如此。他们对比了来自全球34个国家和地区不同文化群体每天消耗的总热量，样本涵盖肥胖率极低的狩猎采集与农耕人群，以及肥胖高发的欧美久坐工作人群。

spectrum /ˈspek.trəm/ 1）表示“范围；各层次；系列；幅度”，英文解释为“a complete or wide range of related qualities, ideas, etc.”如：a broad spectrum of interests 广泛的兴趣范围，举个🌰：A wide spectrum of opinion was represented at the meeting. 会上提出了一系列广泛的意见。

2）表示“光谱，谱”，英文解释为“The spectrum is the range of different colours which is produced when light passes through a glass prism or through a drop of water. A rainbow shows the colours in the spectrum.”

"Surprisingly, what we find is that actually, the total calories burned per day is really similar across these populations, even though the lifestyle and the activity levels are really different," says Pontzer.

“出乎意料的是，我们发现这些群体每天消耗的总热量实际上非常相近，即便他们的生活方式和活动量差异巨大。”庞策说。

And that finding offers strong evidence that diet — not a lack of physical activity — is the major driver of weight gain and obesity in our modern world.

这一结果强有力地证明，现代社会导致体重上升和肥胖的主要因素是饮食，而不是运动量不足。

"This does sort of really fly in the face of what a lot of us anecdotally assumed was driving a lot of the weight gain and obesity today," says Deirdre Tobias, an obesity and nutritional epidemiologist at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Tobias was not involved in the new research.

“这一结论确实颠覆了许多人过去凭经验得出的看法，即体重增加与肥胖主要源于运动不足。”波士顿布莱根妇女医院及哈佛大学陈曾熙公共卫生学院肥胖与营养流行病学家迪尔德丽·托比亚斯（（Deirdre Tobias））说。她并未参与该研究。

表示“与常识相悖”，英文解释为“to completely oppose what seems sensible or normal”举个🌰：This is an argument that seems to fly in the face of common sense. 这个论点似乎与常识相悖。

副词 anecdotally /ˌænɪkˈdoʊtəli/ 形容词 anecdotal /ˌænɛkˈdəʊtəl/ 表示“逸事的；趣闻的；传闻的”，英文解释为“based on anecdotes and possibly not true or accurate”如：anecdotal evidence 传闻的证据。

nutritional /njuːˈtrɪʃ.ən.əl/ 表示“营养（学）的”，英文解释为“relating to nutrition”举个🌰：Chemical sweeteners have no nutritional value. 化学甜味剂毫无营养价值。

epidemiologist /ˌepɪˌdiːmiˈɑːlədʒɪst/ 表示“流行病学家”，英文解释为“Epidemiologists are scientists who study diseases within populations of people. In essence, these public health professionals analyze what causes disease outbreaks in order to treat existing diseases and prevent future outbreaks.”

The new findings have big implications for obesity. If differences in calorie burn can't explain why some countries have higher obesity rates than others, then it must be something else. "And that would be diet," says Tobias, who praised the design of the new study.

这一发现对肥胖研究意义重大。如果热量消耗的差异无法解释各国肥胖率的不同，那背后原因必然另有所在。“答案就是饮食。”托比亚斯说，并对该研究的设计给予高度评价。

implication /ˌɪm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“可能的影响（或作用、结果）”，英文解释为“a possible effect or result of an action or a decision”举个🌰：The development of the site will have implications for the surrounding countryside. 这个地点的开发将会影响周围的乡村。

2）表示“含意；暗指，暗示”，英文解释为“an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly”举个🌰：From what she said, the implication was that they were splitting up. 她的话中暗示他们将要分手。

Now, this doesn't mean there's no reason to exercise. After all, it's good for our mental and physical health in so many ways that have nothing to do with weight.

不过，这并不是说运动就失去意义。毕竟，锻炼对身心健康有很多好处，并不仅仅与体重挂钩。

But it does mean we can't outrun a bad diet. Pontzer says if we want to tackle obesity, the public health message should focus on changing what's on our plates.

但这也说明，不健康饮食光靠运动无法弥补。庞策指出，要想应对肥胖问题，公共健康宣传应重点放在改善饮食结构上。

outrun /ˌaʊtˈrʌn/ 1）表示“比…跑得快（或远）”，英文解释为“to move faster or further than someone or something”举个🌰：The men easily outran the police officer who was chasing them. 小偷跑得很快，轻而易举地甩掉了追赶他们的警察。

2）表示“发展得比…快；超过，胜过”，英文解释为“to develop faster or further than something”举个🌰：In the future, demand for tungsten will outrun supply. 将来钨会供不应求。

作名词，plate /pleɪt/ 1）表示“盘子，碟子”，英文解释为“a flat, usually round dish with a slightly raised edge that you eat from or serve food from”如：paper/plastic/china plates 纸/塑料/瓷盘子。

2）表示“平板；板条；板材”，英文解释为“a flat piece of something that is hard and does not bend” Plate在地质学中特指tectonic plate 构造板块，即地球岩石圈（lithosphere）被分割成的刚性巨块。

3）表示“表面有镀层的金属制品；贵重金属制品（尤指餐具）”，英文解释为“ordinary metal with a layer of another metal on top”举个🌰：The knives and forks are silver plate. 这些刀叉是镀银的。The thieves got away with a large quantity of church plate. 小偷盗走了教堂中大量的餐具。

常见搭配：Plate tectonics 板块构造学说，Plate boundary 板块边界，Continental/oceanic plate 大陆板块/大洋板块。

作动词，表示“镀上；用（金、银等）覆镀”，英文解释为“to cover a metal object with a thin layer of another metal, especially gold or silver”举个🌰：We normally plate the car handles with nickel and then chrome. 我们通常先用镍再用铬来镀汽车的拉手。

- 词汇盘点 -

- 词汇助记 By AI -

LearnAndRecord

2015年2月8日

2025年10月1日

第3889天

每天持续行动学外语