日本或将迎来首位女首相

今天下午，日本执政党自民党举行总裁选举投计票，高市早苗当选，并有望出任下一任日本首相。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What is the function of the reference to Margaret Thatcher in the article?

A. To highlight Takaichi's economic similarity with Thatcher

B. To emphasize her ambition to be seen as a tough female leader

C. To explain the origin of her opposition to women's rights reforms

D. To justify her plan to revive Abenomics

无注释原文：

Sanae Takaichi set to become Japan's first female prime minister

From: BBC

Japan's ruling conservative party has elected Sanae Takaichi as its new leader, positioning the 64-year-old to be Japan's first female prime minister.

Takaichi is among the more conservative candidates leaning to the ruling party's right. A former government minister, TV host and avid heavy metal drummer, she is one of the best known figures in Japanese politics - and a controversial one at that.

She faces many challenges, including contending with a sluggish economy and households struggling with relentless inflation and stagnant wages.

She will also have to navigate a rocky US-Japan relationship and see through a tariff deal with the Trump administration agreed by the previous government.

If confirmed as prime minister, one of Takaichi's key challenges will be uniting the party after a turbulent few years which saw it rocked by scandals and internal conflicts.

Last month, Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba, whose term lasted just over a year, announced he would step down after a series of election defeats that saw the Liberal Democratic Party's (LDP) governing coalition lose its majority in both chambers of parliament.

Prof Jeff Kingston, director of Asian Studies at Temple University in Tokyo, told the BBC that Takaichi was unlikely to have "much success at healing the internal party rift".

Takaichi belongs to the "hardline" faction of the LDP, which believed that "the reason the LDP support has imploded is because it lost touch with its right-wing DNA", he added.

"I think she's in a good position to regain the right wing voters, but at the expense of wider popular appeal, if they go into a national election."

Takaichi has been a long-time admirer of Britain's first female prime minister, Margaret Thatcher. She is now ever closer to fulfilling her Iron Lady ambition.

But many women voters don't see her as an advocate for progress.

"She calls herself Japan's Margaret Thatcher. In terms of fiscal discipline, she's anything but Thatcher," Prof Kingston said.

"But like Thatcher she's not much of a healer. I don't think she's done much to empower women."

Takaichi is a staunch conservative who's long opposed legislation allowing women to keep their maiden names after marriage, saying it is against tradition. She is also against same sex marriage.

A protégé of the late former leader Shinzo Abe, Takaichi has vowed to bring back his economic vision, known as Abenomics – which involves high fiscal spending and cheap borrowing.

The LDP veteran is hawkish on security and aims to revise Japan's pacifist constitution.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Sanae Takaichi set to become Japan's first female prime minister

From: BBC

Japan's ruling conservative party has elected Sanae Takaichi as its new leader, positioning the 64-year-old to be Japan's first female prime minister.

日本执政保守党选举产生新党首高市早苗，64岁的她有望成为日本历史上的首位女性首相。

conservative /kənˈsɜː.və.tɪv/ 作名词，表示“保守党，保守派”，作形容词，表示“保守的；守旧的”，英文解释为“not usually liking or trusting change, especially sudden change”如：a conservative society/outlook 保守的社会/观念。

Conservative 表示“（英国）保守党的”，英文解释为“belonging to or supporting the British political party that traditionally supports business and opposes high taxes and government involvement in industry”如：the Conservative Party 保守党，Conservative policies 保守党奉行的政策。

Takaichi is among the more conservative candidates leaning to the ruling party's right. A former government minister, TV host and avid heavy metal drummer, she is one of the best known figures in Japanese politics - and a controversial one at that.

高市早苗是偏向执政党右翼的保守派候选人。她曾担任政府大臣、电视主持人，也是重金属鼓乐爱好者，在日本政坛名声显赫，但争议不断。

lean /liːn/ 作动词，表示“（使）倾斜，（使）向一侧歪斜”，英文解释为“to (cause to) slope in one direction, or to move the top part of the body in a particular direction”举个🌰：She leaned forward and whispered something in my ear. 她俯身过来和我耳语了几句。

lean作形容词，表示“肉少的；瘦且健康的”，英文解释为“without much flesh; thin and fit”如：a lean, muscular body 清瘦而肌肉发达的身体。

lean on sb/sth 表示“依靠，凭借”，英文解释为“to use someone or something to help you, especially in a difficult situation”举个🌰：He's always had his big brother to lean on. 他总是依靠他大哥。

avid /ˈæv.ɪd/ 表示“渴望的；急切的；热衷的；劲头十足的”，英文解释为“extremely eager or interested”如：an avid football fan 狂热的足球迷。

She faces many challenges, including contending with a sluggish economy and households struggling with relentless inflation and stagnant wages.

摆在她面前的难题不少，既要应对日本萎靡不振的经济，也要解决普通家庭在通胀高企、薪资停滞下的困境。

📍contend with 表示“必须处理，必须应对（困境或不愉快的事）”，英文解释为“to have to deal with a difficult or unpleasant situation”举个🌰：At the age of nine, he had the death of both parents to contend with. 9岁时他就不得不面对父母双亡这一境况。

contend /kənˈtend/ 1）表示“竞争；争夺”，英文解释为“to compete in order to win something”举个🌰：There are three world-class tennis players contending for this title. 有3位世界顶级网球选手争夺这项冠军。

2）表示“（尤指在争论中）声称，主张，认为”，英文解释为“to say that sth is true, especially in an argument”举个🌰：I would contend that his thinking is flawed on this point. 我倒认为他的想法在这一点上有漏洞。

sluggish /ˈslʌɡɪʃ/ 表示“萧条的；迟钝的；行动缓慢的；迟缓的；缺乏活力的，性能欠佳的”，英文解释为“moving or operating more slowly than usual and with less energy or power”举个🌰：The housing market has been very sluggish these past few years. 过去这几年房地产市场一直很萧条。

inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/ 表示“通货膨胀”，英文解释为“a general, continuous increase in prices”如：high/low inflation 高/低通货膨胀。

📍这个词来自拉丁语“inflatio”，意味着“膨胀”。在经济学中，表示货币供应增加导致的商品和服务价格普遍上升。联想宫殿：在宫殿的一个房间，你看到一个图表显示价格上升，旁边是政府提高利率的决策，以控制“通货膨胀”。近义词：price rise（价格上升），同根词：inflate（膨胀），常用短语：combat inflation（抗击通货膨胀）

stagnant /ˈstæɡ.nənt/ 表示“停滞的，不发展的”，英文解释为“not growing or developing”

She will also have to navigate a rocky US-Japan relationship and see through a tariff deal with the Trump administration agreed by the previous government.

她还需要应对起伏不定的美日关系，并推动完成前届政府与特朗普政府达成的关税协定。

tariff /ˈtærɪf/ 表示“关税”，英文解释为“A tariff is a tax that a government collects on goods coming into a country.”

If confirmed as prime minister, one of Takaichi's key challenges will be uniting the party after a turbulent few years which saw it rocked by scandals and internal conflicts.

一旦确认出任首相，高市早苗必须面对的核心难题之一，是如何整合因丑闻缠身、内部分裂而动荡的党派。

turbulent /ˈtɜː.bjə.lənt/ 表示“骚动的；动荡的，混乱的”，英文解释为“involving a lot of sudden changes, arguments, or violence”如：a turbulent marriage 吵吵闹闹的婚姻。

Last month, Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba, whose term lasted just over a year, announced he would step down after a series of election defeats that saw the Liberal Democratic Party's (LDP) governing coalition lose its majority in both chambers of parliament.

上个月，任期仅一年多的日本首相石破茂宣布辞职，此前自民党执政联盟在一系列选举中失利，丧失了两院多数席位。

coalition /ˌkəʊəˈlɪʃən/ 表示“（不同政党或不同群体的人为特定目标而暂时形成的）联盟，同盟，联合体”，英文解释为“the joining together of different political parties or groups for a particular purpose, usually for a limited time, or a government that is formed in this way”

chamber /ˈtʃeɪm.bər/ 1）表示“（用于特定用途或官方用途的）房间，室，厅；会议厅”，英文解释为“a hall in a public building that is used for formal meetings”如：the Senate/House chamber 参议院/众议院会议厅，举个🌰：The members left the council chamber. 议员离开了会议厅。

2）表示“（机器、植物或动物的）腔，膛，室”，英文解释为“a closed space in a machine, plant, or body”举个🌰：The human heart has four chambers. 人的心脏有4个心室。

3）表示“（议会的）议院”，英文解释为“one of the parts of a parliament”如：the Lower / Upper Chamber (= in Britain, the House of Commons/House of Lords) 下 / 上议院（英国为the House of Commons / House of Lords）。

parliament /ˈpɑː.lɪ.mənt/ 表示“议会”，英文解释为“in some countries, the group of (usually) elected politicians or other people who make the laws for their country”

Prof Jeff Kingston, director of Asian Studies at Temple University in Tokyo, told the BBC that Takaichi was unlikely to have "much success at healing the internal party rift".

东京圣心大学亚洲研究所主任杰夫·金斯顿教授在接受BBC采访时表示，高市早苗很难“在弥合党内分歧上取得实质性进展”。

1）表示“（地面或岩石上的）裂缝，裂口”，英文解释为“a large crack in the ground or in rock”举个🌰： The stream had cut a deep rift in the rock. 溪流在岩石上冲刷出一条很深的沟。

2）表示“（人际关系的）裂痕；分歧，不和”，英文解释为“a serious disagreement that separates two people who have been friends and stops their friendship continuing”

🎬电影《塞尔玛》（Selma）中的台词提到：and I apologize that our efforts have caused a rift between y'all. 我们做的一切给你们制造了矛盾 我需要道歉。

Takaichi belongs to the "hardline" faction of the LDP, which believed that "the reason the LDP support has imploded is because it lost touch with its right-wing DNA", he added.

他进一步指出，高市早苗属于自民党的强硬派，他们的看法是“自民党的支持率之所以崩溃，是因为失去了右翼的核心基因”。

implode /ɪmˈpləʊd/ 表示“向心压挤；内爆”，英文解释为“to fall towards the inside with force”举个🌰：The vacuum inside the tube caused it to implode when the external air pressure was increased. 随着外部气压的增强，管内真空使管中发生内爆。

2）表示“崩溃；垮塌”，英文解释为“to fail suddenly and completely and be unable to operate”举个🌰：It is in danger of imploding. 有崩溃的危险。

"I think she's in a good position to regain the right wing voters, but at the expense of wider popular appeal, if they go into a national election."

“我认为她或许能重新赢回右翼选票，但如果进入全国大选，这将会牺牲她在更广泛选民中的吸引力。”

Takaichi has been a long-time admirer of Britain's first female prime minister, Margaret Thatcher. She is now ever closer to fulfilling her Iron Lady ambition.

高市早苗长期崇拜英国首位女首相玛格丽特·撒切尔（Margaret Thatcher），如今她距离实现“铁娘子”的梦想已近在咫尺。

But many women voters don't see her as an advocate for progress.

然而，许多女性选民并不视她为进步的推动者。

advocate /ˈæd.və.keɪt/ 作动词，表示“主张；拥护；支持；提倡”，英文解释为“to publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of doing something”举个🌰：She advocates taking a more long-term view. 她主张把目光放得更长远一些。

作名词，1）表示“拥护者；支持者；提倡者；主张人”，英文解释为“An advocate of a particular action or plan is someone who recommends it publicly.”如：an advocate for hospital workers 医院工作人员的支持者。

2）表示“为 (某团体) 谋利益者”，英文解释为“An advocate for a particular group is a person who works for the interests of that group.”如：advocates for the homeless 为无家可归者谋利益的人。

3）表示“辩护律师”，英文解释为“An advocate is a lawyer who speaks in favour of someone or defends them in a court of law.”

"She calls herself Japan's Margaret Thatcher. In terms of fiscal discipline, she's anything but Thatcher," Prof Kingston said.

“她称自己是日本的撒切尔。但在财政纪律方面，她一点也不像撒切尔。”金斯顿教授说。

fiscal /ˈfɪs.kəl/ 表示“财政的；国库的”，英文解释为“Fiscal is used to describe something that relates to government money or public money, especially taxes.”

"But like Thatcher she's not much of a healer. I don't think she's done much to empower women."

“不过和撒切尔一样，她也不擅长弥合裂痕。我认为她并未真正赋权于女性。”

Takaichi is a staunch conservative who's long opposed legislation allowing women to keep their maiden names after marriage, saying it is against tradition. She is also against same sex marriage.

高市早苗是一名铁杆保守派，她坚决反对允许女性婚后保留原姓的立法，理由是有悖传统，同时她也反对同性婚姻。

staunch /stɔːntʃ/ 表示“忠实的；坚定的”，英文解释为“always loyal in supporting a person, organization, or set of beliefs or opinions”如：a staunch friend and ally 忠实的朋友和盟友。

作动词，原意表示“止住（血等的）流出”，英文解释为“to stop the flow of sth, especially blood”如：staunch the flow of blood 止住了出血，也可以理解为“制止”。

🎬电影《政局密云》（State of Play）中的台词提到：Mr. Collins moved to staunch a growing tide 科林斯先生今天下午站出来平息。

legislation /ˌledʒ.ɪˈsleɪ.ʃən/ 表示“法律；立法”，英文解释为“a law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official by a parliament”举个🌰：The government has promised to introduce legislation to limit fuel emissions from cars. 政府许诺将通过立法来限制汽车尾气排放。

maiden name /ˈmeɪ.dən ˌneɪm/ 表示“（女子的）娘家姓”，英文解释为“A woman's maiden name is the family name she has before she gets married.”

📍maiden作名词，表示“女孩，少女，年轻女子”，英文解释为“a girl or young woman”举个🌰：In the story, the prince woos and wins the fair maiden. 在故事里，王子向那位美丽的姑娘求婚并赢得了她的芳心。

A protégé of the late former leader Shinzo Abe, Takaichi has vowed to bring back his economic vision, known as Abenomics – which involves high fiscal spending and cheap borrowing.

作为已故日本前首相安倍晋三的嫡系，高市早苗誓言要重振其经济理念“安倍经济学”，即通过巨额财政支出和低利借贷来刺激经济。

protégé /ˈprɒt.ə.ʒeɪ/ 表示“受提携的后进；门徒，门生”，英文解释为“a young person who is helped and taught by an older and usually famous person”举个🌰：The young composer regarded himself as Berg's protégé. 这位年轻的作曲家认为自己是伯格的门徒。

The LDP veteran is hawkish on security and aims to revise Japan's pacifist constitution.

这名自民党元老对安全问题持强硬立场，并意图推动修改日本和平宪法。

hawkish /ˈhɔː.kɪʃ/ 表示“（主张采取强硬政治路线的）鹰派的”，英文解释为“supporting the use of force in political relationships rather than discussion or other more peaceful solutions”举个🌰：The president is hawkish on foreign policy. 总统在外交政策上十分强硬。

对比：

📍dovish /ˈdʌv.ɪʃ/ 表示“鸽派的；温和派的”，英文解释为“supporting discussion or other peaceful solutions in political relationships rather than the use of force”举个🌰：He is a dovish politican. 他是一名鸽派政客。

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