刚刚，2025年诺贝尔物理学奖揭晓

北京时间10月7日17:45， 2025年诺贝尔物理学奖揭晓：约翰·克拉克（John Clarke）、米歇尔·德沃雷（Michel Devoret）和约翰·马丁尼斯（John Martinis）共同获得该奖项，以表彰他们“在电路中发现宏观量子隧穿和能量量子化”（for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantization in an electric circuit）。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. Based on the information in the article, which of the following statements best reflects the broader implication of the laureates' discovery?

A. It bridges the gap between theoretical quantum mechanics and practical experiments.

B. It confirms that classical physics is obsolete in explaining macroscopic phenomena.

C. It proves that all matter can freely tunnel through solid barriers.

D. It provides evidence that artificial intelligence depends on quantum principles.

无注释原文：

Nobel Prize in physics goes to trio of researchers for discoveries in quantum mechanics

From: CNN

The 2025 Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded to a trio of scientists – a Briton, a Frenchman and an American – for their ground-breaking discoveries in the field of quantum mechanics.

John Clarke, Michel Devoret and John Martinis will share the prize “for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantization in an electric circuit,” the Nobel Committee announced Tuesday at a ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden.

The committee praised the laureates for demonstrating that the “bizarre properties of the quantum world can be made concrete in a system big enough to be held in the hand.”

Clarke, taking questions at a news conference, said he was “completely stunned” to learn he had won the award.

“We had not realized in any way that this might be the basis of a Nobel prize,” Clarke said of their research in the 1980s at the University of California, Berkeley.

Quantum mechanics, which describes how matter and energy behaves at or below the scale of an atom, allows a particle to pass straight through a barrier, in a process called “tunnelling.”

But when a larger number of particles are involved, these quantum mechanical effects usually become insignificant. What is true at the microscopic level was not thought to be true at the macroscopic level. For instance, while a single atom could pass through a barrier, a tennis ball – made up of a huge amount of particles – cannot.

However, the trio of researchers conducted experiments to show that quantum tunnelling can also be observed on a macroscopic scale.

Last year, the prize was awarded to Geoffrey Hinton – often called the “Godfather of AI” – and John Hopfield, for their fundamental discoveries in machine learning, which paved the way for how artificial intelligence is used today.

In 2023, the prize went to a trio of European scientists who used lasers to understand the rapid movement of electrons, which were previously thought impossible to follow.

The prize carries a cash award of 11 million Swedish kronor ($1 million).

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Nobel Prize in physics goes to trio of researchers for discoveries in quantum mechanics

From: CNN

The 2025 Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded to a trio of scientists – a Briton, a Frenchman and an American – for their ground-breaking discoveries in the field of quantum mechanics.

2025年诺贝尔物理学奖颁给来自英国、法国和美国的三位科学家，以表彰他们在量子力学领域取得的突破性发现。

trio /ˈtriːəʊ/ 表示“三人小组；三件一套；三合一”，英文解释为“A trio is a group of three people together, especially musicians or singers, or a group of three things that have something in common.”

Briton /ˈbrɪt.ən/ 表示“英国人”，英文解释为“a person from Britain”举个🌰：Six Britons are believed to have been involved in the accident. 据信事故中牵涉6名英国人。

quantum mechanics /ˌkwɒn.təm məˈkæn.ɪks / 表示“量子力学”，英文解释为“a theory that explains the behaviour of elementary particles, both separately and in groups”

John Clarke, Michel Devoret and John Martinis will share the prize “for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantization in an electric circuit,” the Nobel Committee announced Tuesday at a ceremony in Stockholm, Sweden.

周二，在瑞典斯德哥尔摩颁奖仪式上，诺贝尔委员会宣布，约翰·克拉克（John Clarke）、米歇尔·德沃雷（Michel Devoret）和约翰·马丁尼斯（John Martinis）共同获得该奖项，以表彰他们“在电路中发现宏观量子隧穿和能量量子化”。

macroscopic /ˌmæk.rəˈskɒp.ɪk/ 表示“宏观的；肉眼可见的”，英文解释为“large enough to be seen without using any devices that make things look larger”

tunnel /ˈtʌn.əl/ 表示“隧道；地道；坑道”，英文解释为“a long passage under or through the ground, especially one made by people”举个🌰：The train went into the tunnel. 火车驶入隧道。

📍the tunnel还可以特指“（足球或橄榄球等比赛时球员走向球场的）球员通道”，英文解释为“the long passage through which football, rugby etc. players walk to get to the pitch”

作动词，tunnel /ˈtʌn.əl/ 表示“开凿隧道；挖地道”，英文解释为“to dig a tunnel”举个🌰：The decision has not yet been made whether to tunnel under the river or build a bridge over it. 还没有决定是在河底挖掘隧道还是在河上建桥。

circuit /ˈsɜː.kɪt/ 1）表示“巡回；巡游；巡回之地”，英文解释为“a regular pattern of visits or the places visited”举个🌰：They first met each other on the tennis circuit (= while at different tennis competitions). 他们在网球巡回赛上首次交锋。

2）表示“环行物；（尤指）环形道路（或路线、赛道）”，英文解释为“something shaped approximately like a circle, especially a route, path, or sports track that starts and ends in the same place”举个🌰：They test the car tyres on a motor racing circuit. 他们在环形赛车道上测试轮胎。

3）表示“（电流的）电路；（液体的）回路”，英文解释为“a closed system of wires or pipes through which electricity or liquid can flow”举个🌰：A defect was found in the water-cooling/electrical circuit. 在水冷回路/电路中发现了一点毛病。

The committee praised the laureates for demonstrating that the “bizarre properties of the quantum world can be made concrete in a system big enough to be held in the hand.”

诺贝尔委员会称赞三位获奖者的研究，称他们将量子世界的奇异特性具象化，使之能在肉眼可观、可操控的系统中被验证。

laureate /ˈlɔːrɪɪt/ 表示“荣誉获得者；获奖者”，英文解释为“a person who has been given an official honour or prize for sth important they have achieved”如：a Nobel laureate 诺贝尔奖获得者。

bizarre /bɪˈzɑː/ 表示“怪异的；罕见的；异乎寻常的”，英文解释为“Something that is bizarre is very odd and strange.”举个🌰：The game was also notable for the bizarre behaviour of the team's manager. 这场比赛另一值得注意的地方是该队经理人异乎寻常的表现。

property /ˈprɒp.ə.ti/ 1）表示“属性，性能，特性”，英文解释为“a quality in a substance or material, especially one that means that it can be used in a particular way”举个🌰：One of the properties of copper is that it conducts heat and electricity very well. 铜的特性之一是导热导电能力强。

2）表示“房产，地产，房地产”，英文解释为“a building or area of land, or both together”举个🌰：He owns a number of properties on the south coast. 他在南部海滨拥有几处房产。

3）表示“所有物；财产；资产”，英文解释为“an object or objects that belong to someone”举个🌰：The club does not accept responsibility for loss of or damage to club members' personal property. 该俱乐部不承担会员个人财产丢失或损坏的责任。

Clarke, taking questions at a news conference, said he was “completely stunned” to learn he had won the award.

克拉克在新闻发布会上回应记者提问时说，得知自己获奖的那一刻，“完全惊呆了”。

stun /stʌn/ 1）表示“使震惊；使惊讶”，英文解释为“to shock or surprise someone very much”举个🌰：News of the disaster stunned people throughout the world. 灾难消息使全世界的人震惊。

2）表示“使失去知觉，使昏迷；（尤指重击头部）把…打昏”，英文解释为“to make a person or animal unconscious or unable to think normally, especially by hitting their head hard”举个🌰：Stunned by the impact, he lay on the ground wondering what had happened. 遭重击后，他躺在地上想弄清楚发生了什么事。

📍stunned /stʌnd/ 表示“目瞪口呆”，英文解释为“very shocked or surprised”举个🌰：I am stunned and saddened by this news. 这个消息令我大为震惊，非常难过。

“We had not realized in any way that this might be the basis of a Nobel prize,” Clarke said of their research in the 1980s at the University of California, Berkeley.

克拉克回忆起上世纪80年代在加州大学伯克利分校的研究时说：“我们当时根本没想到，这项工作竟会成为诺贝尔奖的基础。”

Quantum mechanics, which describes how matter and energy behaves at or below the scale of an atom, allows a particle to pass straight through a barrier, in a process called “tunnelling.”

量子力学研究的是物质与能量在原子或更微观层面的行为特征，其中粒子能直接穿过障碍，这一过程称为“隧穿”。

atom /ˈæt.əm/ 表示“原子”，英文解释为“the smallest unit of any chemical element, consisting of a positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons. Atoms can combine to form a molecule”举个🌰：A molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2) has one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. 二氧化碳（CO2）分子是由一个碳原子和两个氧原子构成的。

particle /ˈpɑː.tɪ.kəl/ 表示“微粒，粒子”，英文解释为“an extremely small piece of matter”举个🌰：Electrons are atomic particles. 电子是原子粒子。

But when a larger number of particles are involved, these quantum mechanical effects usually become insignificant. What is true at the microscopic level was not thought to be true at the macroscopic level. For instance, while a single atom could pass through a barrier, a tennis ball – made up of a huge amount of particles – cannot.

然而，当涉及更多粒子时，这些量子效应通常变得微不足道。在微观层面成立的规律在宏观层面并不适用。例如，单个原子可以穿过障碍，而由无数粒子组成的网球则绝不可能。

microscopic /ˌmaɪ.krəˈskɒp.ɪk/ 表示“微小的，极小的；需要用显微镜才可看见的”，英文解释为“very small and only able to be seen with a microscope”如：microscopic algae 只有在显微镜下才看得见的藻类，举个🌰：The helpings you get in the cafeteria are microscopic! 公司餐厅供应的饭菜就那么一点点儿！

However, the trio of researchers conducted experiments to show that quantum tunnelling can also be observed on a macroscopic scale.

然而，这三位研究人员通过实验表明，宏观尺度上同样可以观测到量子隧穿效应。

Last year, the prize was awarded to Geoffrey Hinton – often called the “Godfather of AI” – and John Hopfield, for their fundamental discoveries in machine learning, which paved the way for how artificial intelligence is used today.

去年，该奖项授予了“人工智能之父”杰弗里·辛顿（Geoffrey Hinton）和约翰·霍普菲尔德（John Hopfield），以表彰他们在机器学习领域的基础性发现，为当今人工智能的发展奠定了基础。

表示“（为…）铺平道路，（为…）创造条件”，英文解释为“If something paves the way for/to something else, it makes the other thing possible.”举个🌰：Scientists hope that data from the probe will pave the way for a more detailed exploration of Mars. 科学家们希望探测飞船发回的数据会为更深入地探索火星提供条件。

In 2023, the prize went to a trio of European scientists who used lasers to understand the rapid movement of electrons, which were previously thought impossible to follow.

2023年，该奖项颁给了三位欧洲科学家，他们利用激光观测电子的快速运动——这在此前被认为是不可能实现的。

laser /ˈleɪ.zər/ 表示“激光（器）”，英文解释为“(a device that produces) a powerful, narrow beam of light that can be used as a tool to cut metal, to perform medical operations, or to create patterns of light for entertainment”如：laser beam 激光束。

The prize carries a cash award of 11 million Swedish kronor ($1 million).

该奖项奖金为1100万瑞典克朗，约合100万美元。

kronor /'krəunə-ɔn:/ 克朗，瑞典货币单位。

“krona”和“kronor”都是瑞典货币瑞典克朗的名称，它们之间的区别在于单数和复数形式。Krona是单数形式。Kronor是复数形式。

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