刚刚，2025年诺贝尔文学奖揭晓

北京时间10月9日19:00，2025年诺贝尔文学奖揭晓：匈牙利作家拉斯洛·克拉斯诺霍尔卡伊（László Krasznahorkai）获奖，表彰其“震撼人心又充满远见的作品，在末世般的恐惧中再度彰显了艺术的力量”（for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art）。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the text, which of the following statements best describes the relationship between Can Xue and Krasznahorkai in the context of the Nobel prize?

A. They shared the 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature equally.

B. They were joint favorites to win before the official announcement.

C. They previously collaborated on a book about modern fiction.

D. They both won the Booker Prize for experimental writing.

无注释原文：

László Krasznahorkai wins the Nobel prize in literature 2025

From: The Guardian

The Nobel prize in literature for 2025 has been awarded to Hungarian author László Krasznahorkai, the Swedish Academy has announced.

The Academy cited the 71-year-old's “compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art”.

Born in Gyula, Hungary, in 1954, Krasznahorkai first made his mark with his 1985 debut novel Satantango, a bleak and mesmerising portrayal of a collapsing rural community.

Can Xue, László Krasznahorkai, Haruki Murakami, Margaret Atwood and Salman Rushdie are among the authors most likely to win this year's Nobel prize in literature, according to the bookies.

Chinese avant garde author Can Xue, 72, and postmodern Hungarian author Krasznahorkai, 71, are tied as Ladbrokes' favourite to win, both with odds of 10/1. Can Xue was also the favourite to win last year's prize, which was ultimately awarded to South Korean author Han Kang.

Can Xue, whose real name is Deng Xiaohua, is known for her experimental style, and has published hundreds of novels, novellas and short stories. In 2019, she was longlisted for the International Booker prize for her novel Love in the New Millennium. Were she to be named laureate, she would become the third Chinese-born person to win a Nobel prize in literature, after novelist Mo Yan in 2012 and Gao Xingjian in 2000.

She is tied neck and neck with Krasznahorkai, whose dystopian, melancholic novels have won numerous prizes, including the 2019 National Book award for translated literature and the 2015 Man Booker International prize. Several of his works, including his novels Satantango and The Melancholy of Resistance, have been adapted into feature films.

Murakami, the 76-year-old Japanese novelist, short-story writer and translator, is third in the race, with 14/1 odds.

Last year, the prize went to Han, a novelist best known internationally for the novels The Vegetarian and Human Acts. Han was chosen by the Nobel committee for her “intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life”.

The Nobel prize in literature has been awarded 117 times since 1901. Recent laureates include Annie Ernaux, Bob Dylan, Abdulrazak Gurnah, Louise Glück, Peter Handke and Olga Tokarczuk.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

László Krasznahorkai wins the Nobel prize in literature 2025

From: The Guardian

The Nobel prize in literature for 2025 has been awarded to Hungarian author László Krasznahorkai, the Swedish Academy has announced.

瑞典文学院宣布，2025年诺贝尔文学奖授予匈牙利作家拉斯洛·克拉斯诺霍尔卡伊（László Krasznahorkai）。

literature /ˈlɪt.rə.tʃər/ 作名词，1）表示“文献，文献资料”，英文解释为“all the information relating to a subject, especially information written by experts”

2）表示“文学；（尤指有传世价值的）文学作品”，英文解释为“written artistic works, especially those with a high and lasting artistic value”如：classical/modern literature 古典/现代文学。

Hungarian /hʌŋˈɡeə.ri.ən/ 作形容词，表示“匈牙利的；匈牙利人的；匈牙利语的”，英文解释为“belonging to or relating to Hungary, its people, or its language”如：Hungarian goulash 匈牙利红烩肉；作名词，表示“匈牙利人，匈牙利语”

The Academy cited the 71-year-old's “compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art”.

瑞典文学院称，这位71岁的作家“震撼人心又充满远见的作品，在末世般的恐惧中再度彰显了艺术的力量”。

compelling /kəmˈpel.ɪŋ/ 1）表示“（理由、论证等）令人信服的，很有说服力的”，英文解释为“If a reason, argument, etc. is compelling, it makes you believe it or accept it because it is so strong.”如：compelling evidence 强有力的证据。

2）表示“引人入胜的；激动人心的；扣人心弦的”，英文解释为“very exciting and interesting and making you want to watch or listen”举个🌰：I found the whole film very compelling. 我觉得整部影片都很扣人心弦。

visionary /ˈvɪʒ.ən.ri/ 表示“眼光；远见；眼力”，英文解释为“with the ability to imagine how a country, society, industry, etc. will develop in the future”如：a visionary author 有远见的作者。

oeuvre /ˈɜː.vrə/ 表示“（作家、画家或其他艺术家的）全部作品，作品全集”，英文解释为“the complete works of a writer, painter, or other artist”举个🌰：I'm not familiar with his oeuvre. 我对他的作品不熟悉。

apocalyptic /əˌpɒkəˈlɪptɪk/ 表示“预示大灾难的，预言世界末日的”，英文解释为“showing or describing the total destruction and end of the world, or extremely bad future events”，如：apocalyptic visions of a nuclear confrontation 对核对抗灾难性后果的描述。

reaffirm /ˌriː.əˈfɜːm/ 表示“重申，再次声明；加强”，英文解释为“to give your support to a person, plan, idea, etc. for a second time; to state something as true again”举个🌰：These events reaffirm my belief in the need for better information. 这些事情使我坚信，我们需要更加准确有效的信息。

📍词根“affirm”表示“确认”，前缀“re-”表示“再次”。近义词：reiterate（重申），同根词：affirmation（肯定），常用短语：reaffirm one's belief（重申某人的信念）

Born in Gyula, Hungary, in 1954, Krasznahorkai first made his mark with his 1985 debut novel Satantango, a bleak and mesmerising portrayal of a collapsing rural community.

1954年出生于匈牙利久洛的拉斯洛·克拉斯诺霍尔卡伊，凭借1985年问世的作品《撒旦探戈》（Satantango）一举成名。其作品以冷峻而迷幻的笔调，呈现出一个濒临瓦解的乡村世界。

bleak /bliːk/ 1）表示“（地方）荒凉的；凄凉的”，英文解释为“If a place is bleak, it is empty, and not welcoming or attractive.”举个🌰：The house stands on a bleak, windswept hilltop. 这座房子坐落在一个饱受风雨侵袭的荒山顶上。

2）表示“（境况）惨淡的，无希望的”，英文解释为“If a situation is bleak, there is little or no hope for the future.”

英式 mesmerising 美式 mesmerizing /ˈmezməraɪzɪŋ/ 表示“吸引人的，迷人的”，英文解释为“very attractive, in a mysterious way, making you want to keep looking”举个🌰：He had the most mesmerizing blue eyes. 他有一双非常迷人的蓝眼睛。

Can Xue, László Krasznahorkai, Haruki Murakami, Margaret Atwood and Salman Rushdie are among the authors most likely to win this year's Nobel prize in literature, according to the bookies.

据博彩公司预测，残雪、拉斯洛·克拉斯诺霍尔卡伊（László Krasznahorkai）、村上春树（Haruki Murakami）、玛格丽特·阿特伍德（Margaret Atwood）和萨尔曼·拉什迪（Salman Rushdie）是今年最有可能获得诺贝尔文学奖的作家。

bookie /ˈbʊk.i/  bookmaker的非正式说法，表示“（尤指赛马等的）赌注登记人”，英文解释为“informal for bookmaker ”

Chinese avant garde author Can Xue, 72, and postmodern Hungarian author Krasznahorkai, 71, are tied as Ladbrokes' favourite to win, both with odds of 10/1. Can Xue was also the favourite to win last year's prize, which was ultimately awarded to South Korean author Han Kang.

72岁的中国先锋派作家残雪与71岁的匈牙利后现代作家克拉斯诺霍尔卡伊在博彩公司Ladbrokes的赔率中并列第一，赔率均为10比1。残雪去年也是最被看好的热门人选，但最终奖项由韩国作家韩江获得。

avant-garde /ˌæv.ɑ̃ːˈɡɑːd/ 表示“前卫的；先锋派的”，英文解释为“Avant-garde ideas, styles, and methods are very original or modern in comparison to the period in which they happen.”如：avant-garde art/cinema/painting 先锋派艺术/电影/画作，举个🌰：It was one of the first avant-garde works to appeal to a wide audience. 这是受到观众广泛好评的首批先锋派作品之一。

favorite/favourite可以作为名词，指“最有希望获胜的人（或动物）；比赛中最被看好的人（或动物）”，英文解释为“the person or animal most people expect to win a race or competition”举个🌰：Brazil are favourites to win this year's World Cup. 巴西队是今年世界杯赛的夺冠热门。

📍也可以表示“受宠的人；受偏爱的人”，英文解释为：a person who is treated with special kindness by someone in authority. 如：the teacher's favourite 老师的宠儿。

1）表示“可能性，机会；几率，概率”，英文解释为“the probability (= how likely it is) that a particular thing will or will not happen”举个🌰：The overall odds of winning a lottery prize are 1 in 10. 抽中彩票的几率是1/10。

2）表示“不利条件；掣肘的事情；逆境”，英文解释为“something that makes it seem impossible to do or achieve sth”举个🌰：They secured a victory in the face of overwhelming odds. 尽管情况非常不利，他们仍得到了胜利。

📍奥巴马卸任后首次重返白宫 和拜登互开玩笑文中提到，奥巴马讲话：“Despite great odds, Joe and I were determined, because we met too many people on the campaign trail who shared their stories, and our own families had been touched by illness.”“尽管困难重重，乔和我还是下定决心，因为我们在竞选路上遇到了太多分享他们故事的人，我们自己的家庭也被疾病所影响。”

📍great odds 表示“困难重重，困难诸多”，相当于a lot of difficulties，举个🌰：We believe that, despite great odds, we can achieve a peaceful settlement. 我们相信，尽管困难重重，我们还是能够实现和平解决。

Can Xue, whose real name is Deng Xiaohua, is known for her experimental style, and has published hundreds of novels, novellas and short stories. In 2019, she was longlisted for the International Booker prize for her novel Love in the New Millennium. Were she to be named laureate, she would become the third Chinese-born person to win a Nobel prize in literature, after novelist Mo Yan in 2012 and Gao Xingjian in 2000.

残雪，本名邓小华，以其实验主义风格著称，创作了数百部小说、中篇和短篇作品。2019年，她的作品《新世纪爱情故事》入围国际布克奖长名单。如果她获奖，将成为继2012年的莫言和2000年的高行健之后，第三位获得诺贝尔文学奖的华人。

novella /nəʊˈvel.ə/ 表示“短篇小说”，英文解释为“a short novel”

longlist /ˈlɒŋ.lɪst/ 作动词，表示“将…列入初选名单”，英文解释为“to include a person, book, piece of music, etc. on a longlist”举个🌰：His first novel was longlisted for the Man Booker Prize. 他的第一部小说入围了布克奖初选名单。

longlist作名词，表示“初选名单”，英文解释为“a list of people, books, etc. being considered for a prize from which a shortlist (= a shorter list of those judged the most suitable) will be chosen”举个🌰：Only two small publishers are on the longlist this year. 今年只有两家小型出版社进入了初选名单。

shortlist /ˈʃɔːt.lɪst/ 表示“最终候选名单，决选名单”，英文解释为“a list of people who have been judged the most suitable for a job or prize, made from a longer list of people originally considered, and from which one person will be chosen”举个🌰：We've drawn up (= decided) a shortlist for the job. 我们已经确定了该职位的最终候选名单。

millennium /mɪˈlen.i.əm/ 表示“一千年，千周年；千周年纪念日”，英文解释为“a period of 1,000 years, or the time when a period of 1,000 years ends”举个🌰：The corpse had lain preserved in the soil for almost two millennia. 那具尸体在地下保存了近两千年。

the millennium /mɪˈlen.i.əm/ 表示“（2000年初）千禧新年”，英文解释为“the beginning of a new millennium in the year 2000”举个🌰：How did you celebrate the millennium? 你们是怎么庆祝新千年的？

laureate /ˈlɔːrɪɪt/ 表示“荣誉获得者；获奖者”，英文解释为“a person who has been given an official honour or prize for sth important they have achieved”如：a Nobel laureate 诺贝尔奖获得者。

She is tied neck and neck with Krasznahorkai, whose dystopian, melancholic novels have won numerous prizes, including the 2019 National Book award for translated literature and the 2015 Man Booker International prize. Several of his works, including his novels Satantango and The Melancholy of Resistance, have been adapted into feature films.

她与克拉斯诺霍尔卡伊不相上下，后者以其反乌托邦、充满忧郁气质的小说赢得众多奖项，包括2019年美国国家图书奖（翻译文学奖）和2015年布克国际奖，《撒旦探戈》和《反抗的忧郁》（Melancholy of Resistance）等多部作品已被改编为电影。

表示“（竞争者）旗鼓相当，不相上下”，英文解释为“If two competitors are neck and neck, they are level with each other and have an equal chance of winning.”

dystopian /dɪsˈtoʊpiən/ 表示“反假想国的；反乌托邦的”，英文解释为“relating to a very bad or unfair society in which there is a lot of suffering, especially an imaginary society in the future, or to the description of such a society”

melancholic /ˌmɛlənˈkɒlɪk/ 表示“忧郁的；忧郁症的”，英文解释为“feeling or expressing sadness, especially when the sadness is like an illness”，如：a melancholic expression 忧伤的表情，melancholic songs 忧伤的歌曲。

melancholy /ˈmel.əŋ.kɒl.i/ 作名词，表示“忧郁，忧伤”，英文解释为“sadness that lasts for a long period of time, often without any obvious reason”；作形容词，表示“忧郁的，忧伤的”，相当于sad，如：melancholy autumn days 伤感的秋日，a melancholy piece of music 一段忧伤的乐曲。

adapt /əˈdæpt/ 1）表示“改编；改写”，英文解释为“to change a book or play so that it can be made into a play, film/movie, television programme, etc.”举个🌰：Three of her novels have been adapted for television. 她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。

2）表示“使适应，使适合（新用途、新情况）”，英文解释为“to change sth in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation”举个🌰：Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people. 这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。

feature film = feature 表示“（电影）故事片，正片”，英文解释为“a film that is usually 90 or more minutes long”

Murakami, the 76-year-old Japanese novelist, short-story writer and translator, is third in the race, with 14/1 odds.

76岁的日本小说家、短篇作家、翻译家村上春树以14比1的赔率位居第三。

Last year, the prize went to Han, a novelist best known internationally for the novels The Vegetarian and Human Acts. Han was chosen by the Nobel committee for her “intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life”.

去年，诺贝尔文学奖授予韩江，她因小说《素食者》和《人类行为》而享誉国际。诺贝尔委员会称其“散文充满诗意，直面历史创伤，揭示了人类生命的脆弱性”。

vegetarian /ˌvedʒ.ɪˈteə.ri.ən/ 表示“素食者，素食主义者”，英文解释为“a person who does not eat meat for health or religious reasons or because they want to avoid being cruel to animals”

poetic /pəʊˈet.ɪk/ 1）表示“诗的，诗歌的”，英文解释为“like or relating to poetry or poets”如：a collection of Dryden's poetical works (= poems) 德莱顿诗集。

2）表示“极美的；充满诗意的；诗情画意的”，英文解释为“very beautiful or expressing emotion”举个🌰：He creates abstract, mournfully poetic black-and-white images of wrapped objects. 他围绕包裹起来的物体创造了抽象、忧伤而充满诗意的黑白影像。

prose /prəʊz/ 表示“散文；白话文；平淡乏味的文章（或话语，表达法）”，英文解释为“written language in its ordinary form rather than poetry”举个🌰：I've always preferred reading prose to poetry. 我一直更偏爱读散文而不是诗歌。

confront /kənˈfrʌnt/ 1）表示“面临（问题、任务、困难等）”，英文解释为“If you are confronted with a problem, task, or difficulty, you have to deal with it.”举个🌰：She was confronted with severe money problems. 她面临严重的资金问题。

2）表示“正视（困难局面或问题）”，英文解释为“If you confront a difficult situation or issue, you accept the fact that it exists and try to deal with it.”举个🌰：We are learning how to confront death. 我们在学习如何正视死亡。

trauma /ˈtrɔːmə/ /ˈtrɑː.mə/ 表示“精神创伤，心理创伤”，英文解释为“(a) severe emotional shock and pain caused by an extremely upsetting experience”举个🌰：He had psychotherapy to help him deal with his childhood traumas. 他进行了心理治疗以医治童年时代受到的心理创伤。

fragility /frəˈdʒɪl.ə.ti/ 表示“脆弱”，英文解释为“the quality of being easily harmed or destroyed”举个🌰：The collapse of the bank is an ominous reminder of the fragility of the world's banking system. 这家银行的倒闭是对世界银行系统脆弱性的不祥提醒。

The Nobel prize in literature has been awarded 117 times since 1901. Recent laureates include Annie Ernaux, Bob Dylan, Abdulrazak Gurnah, Louise Glück, Peter Handke and Olga Tokarczuk.

自1901年以来，诺贝尔文学奖已颁发117次。近年的获奖者包括安妮·埃尔诺、鲍勃·迪伦、阿卜杜勒拉扎克·古尔纳、路易丝·格吕克、彼得·汉德克和奥尔加·托卡尔丘克。

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