冰岛首次发现蚊子

近日，冰岛首次发现蚊子，颠覆了冰岛是“全球唯一无蚊国”固有认知。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. Why does the author mention the discovery of Egyptian and Asian tiger mosquitoes in the UK?

A. To show that mosquito invasions are a global phenomenon linked to climate change.

B. To compare how Iceland's ecosystems differ from those in warmer countries.

C. To illustrate the spread of tropical diseases in northern Europe.

D. To warn that the UK's mosquito problem is more severe than Iceland's.

无注释原文：

Mosquitoes found in Iceland for first time as climate crisis warms country

From: The Guardian

Mosquitoes have been found in Iceland for the first time as global heating makes the country more hospitable for insects.

The country was until this month one of the few places in the world that did not have a mosquito population. The other is Antarctica.

Scientists have predicted for some time that mosquitoes could establish themselves in Iceland as there are plentiful breeding habitats such as marshes and ponds. Many species will be unable to survive the harsh climate, however.

But Iceland is warming, at four times the rate of the rest of the northern hemisphere. Glaciers have been collapsing and fish from warmer, southern climes such as mackerel have been found in the country's waters.

As the planet warms, more species of mosquito have been found across the globe. In the UK, eggs of the Egyptian mosquito (Aedes aegypti) were found this year, and the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) has been discovered in Kent. These are invasive species that can spread tropical diseases such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus.

Matthías Alfreðsson, an entomologist at the Natural Science Institute of Iceland, confirmed the findings there. He identified the insects himself after they were sent to him by a citizen scientist.

He said: “Three specimens of Culiseta annulata were found in Kiðafell, Kjós, two females and one male. They were all collected from wine ropes during wine roping aimed at attracting moths.”

The species is cold-resistant and can survive Icelandic conditions by sheltering through winter in basements and barns.

Björn Hjaltason found the mosquitoes and posted about it on the Facebook group Insects in Iceland. “At dusk on October 16, I caught sight of a strange fly on a red wine ribbon,” Björn said, referring to the trap he uses to attract insects. “I immediately suspected what was going on and quickly collected the fly. It was a female.”

He caught two more and sent them to the science institute where they were identified.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Mosquitoes found in Iceland for first time as climate crisis warms country

From: The Guardian

Mosquitoes have been found in Iceland for the first time as global heating makes the country more hospitable for insects.

由于全球气候变暖，冰岛首次出现了蚊子，这标志着冰岛气候正变得越来越适合昆虫栖息。

hospitable /hɒsˈpɪt.ə.bəl/ 1）表示“友好的，好客的”，英文解释为“friendly and welcoming to guests and visitors”举个🌰：The villagers were very hospitable to/towards anyone who passed through. 村民们对所有过路人都非常热情友好。

2）表示“（条件）适宜生活的，适合成长的”，英文解释为“providing good conditions for living or growing”举个🌰：It's difficult to think of a less hospitable environment than the surface of the moon. 很难想象还有什么地方比月球表面的环境更为恶劣的了。

The country was until this month one of the few places in the world that did not have a mosquito population. The other is Antarctica.

在此之前，冰岛和南极洲一样，是世界上为数不多没有蚊子的地区。

Antarctica /ænˈtɑːk.tɪ.kə/ 表示“南极”，英文解释为“the continent around the South Pole”

📍the South Pole表示“南极”，英文解释为“the point on the earth's surface that is furthest south”

Scientists have predicted for some time that mosquitoes could establish themselves in Iceland as there are plentiful breeding habitats such as marshes and ponds. Many species will be unable to survive the harsh climate, however.

科学家们早就预见到冰岛可能成为蚊子的栖息地，因为那里有丰富的沼泽和池塘等繁殖场所，不过大多数种类仍无法适应其寒冷的气候。

habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/ 表示“（动植物的）生长地，栖息地”，英文解释为“the natural environment in which an animal or plant usually lives”举个🌰：With so many areas of woodland being cut down, a lot of wildlife is losing its natural habitat. 大片林地被砍伐，很多野生动物在失去它们的天然栖息地。

marsh /mɑːʃ/ 表示“沼泽；湿地”，英文解释为“ground near a lake, a river, or the sea that often floods and is always wet”举个🌰：At the mouth of the river is a large area of marsh. 河口处是一大片沼泽地。

marshes表示“沼泽地带”，英文解释为“a large area of marsh”举个🌰：At low tide in the estuary, cows graze on the marshes. 河口水位低时，牛就在那儿的沼泽地上吃草。

But Iceland is warming, at four times the rate of the rest of the northern hemisphere. Glaciers have been collapsing and fish from warmer, southern climes such as mackerel have been found in the country's waters.

然而，冰岛的升温速度是北半球其它地区的四倍。冰川正在消融，南方温暖水域的鱼类（如鲭鱼）也已出现在冰岛海域。

hemisphere /ˈhem.ɪ.sfɪər/ 表示“半球”，英文解释为“A hemisphere is one half of the earth.”如：the northern hemisphere 北半球，the southern hemisphere 南半球，the depletion of the ozone layer in the northern hemisphere 北半球臭氧层的消耗。

📍词根“hemi-”表示“半”，“-sphere”来自希腊语“sphaira”，表示“球体”。想象地球被分为北半球和南半球。近义词：half-sphere（半球），同根词：hemispherical（半球形的），常用短语：across the hemisphere（横跨半球）

glacier /ˈɡlæs.i.ər/ 表示“冰川，冰河”，英文解释为“a large mass of ice that moves slowly”

As the planet warms, more species of mosquito have been found across the globe. In the UK, eggs of the Egyptian mosquito (Aedes aegypti) were found this year, and the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) has been discovered in Kent. These are invasive species that can spread tropical diseases such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus.

随着地球变暖，全球范围内出现了更多种类的蚊子。今年，英国出现了埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti）的卵，而在肯特郡发现了白线斑蚊（Aedes albopictus）。这些入侵物种会传播登革热、基孔肯雅热和寨卡病毒等热带疾病。

invasive /ɪnˈveɪ.sɪv/ 表示“侵袭的，侵入的”，英文解释为“moving into all areas of something and difficult to stop”如：an invasive disease 侵袭性疾病。

也可以表示“（来自其他地区，对当地有危害的生物）侵入的”，英文解释为“An invasive organism is one that has arrived in a place from somewhere else and has a harmful effect on that place.”

tropical /ˈtrɒp.ɪ.kəl/ 表示“热带的”，英文解释为“from or relating to the area between the two tropics”如：tropical fish 热带鱼。

Matthías Alfreðsson, an entomologist at the Natural Science Institute of Iceland, confirmed the findings there. He identified the insects himself after they were sent to him by a citizen scientist.

冰岛自然科学研究所昆虫学家马蒂亚斯·阿尔弗雷德松（Matthías Alfreðsson）证实了这一发现。他亲自鉴定了由一位民间科研爱好者寄来的样本。

entomologist /ˌen.təˈmɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ 表示“昆虫学家”，英文解释为“a person who studies insects”举个🌰：It takes a competent entomologist to distinguish the dangerous mosquitoes from the harmless ones. 只有能干的昆虫学家才能分辨危险的和无害的蚊子。

He said: “Three specimens of Culiseta annulata were found in Kiðafell, Kjós, two females and one male. They were all collected from wine ropes during wine roping aimed at attracting moths.”

他说：“在丘斯的基达费尔地区发现了三只环带库蚊（Culiseta annulata），两只为雌蚊一只为雄蚊。它们都是在吸引蛾类的红酒诱捕带上捕获到的。”

specimen /ˈspes.ə.mɪn/ 表示“（用于测试或检验的）样品，样本；标本”，英文解释为“a small amount or piece that is taken from something, so that it can be tested or examined”如：a blood specimen 血样。

moth /mɒθ/ 表示“蛾，飞蛾”，英文解释为“an insect with wings that is similar to a butterfly, usually flies at night, and is attracted to light”举个🌰：Some types of moth eat holes in clothes. 某些种类的飞蛾会蛀蚀衣物。

The species is cold-resistant and can survive Icelandic conditions by sheltering through winter in basements and barns.

该种蚊子具有耐寒性，可在地下室和谷仓中越冬来适应冰岛的环境。

resistant /rɪˈzɪs.tənt/ 表示“对…有抵抗能力的；抵抗…的；耐…的”，英文解释为“not harmed or affected by something”如：a stain-resistant carpet 抗污地毯。

shelter /ˈʃel.tər/ 表示“掩蔽（处）；遮蔽（处）”，英文解释为“(a building designed to give) protection from bad weather, danger, or attack”如：an air-raid shelter 防空洞。

barn /bɑːn/ 表示“谷仓，粮仓”，英文解释为“a large building on a farm in which animals or hay (= dried grass) and grain are kept”

Björn Hjaltason found the mosquitoes and posted about it on the Facebook group Insects in Iceland. “At dusk on October 16, I caught sight of a strange fly on a red wine ribbon,” Björn said, referring to the trap he uses to attract insects. “I immediately suspected what was going on and quickly collected the fly. It was a female.”

比约恩·希亚塔松（Björn Hjaltason）发现了这些蚊子，并在Facebook群组“冰岛的昆虫”中发帖。他说：“10月16日傍晚，我在一条红酒诱带上看见了一只奇怪的飞虫。我立刻意识到事情不寻常，迅速将其捕获。那是一只雌蚊。”

作名词，trap /træp/ 表示“陷阱；夹子；捕捉器”，英文解释为“a device or hole for catching animals or people and preventing their escape”举个🌰：The fox got its foot caught in a trap. 狐狸的一只脚被夹子夹住了。

作动词，1）be trapped表示“被困住；陷入困境”，英文解释为“If someone or something is trapped, that person or thing is unable to move or escape from a place or situation.”举个🌰：Fire officers used cutting equipment to free his legs, which were trapped under a steel beam. 消防队员们用切割设备松开他被压在一根钢梁下的双腿。

2）表示“（尤指为利用而）收集，存住，保存（热量、水等）”，英文解释为“to keep something such as heat or water in one place, especially because it is useful”举个🌰：A greenhouse stays warm because the glass traps the heat of the sun. 温室保持着温暖，因为玻璃吸收了太阳的热量。

He caught two more and sent them to the science institute where they were identified.

随后他又捕获了两只，并寄往科研机构鉴定。

- 词汇盘点 -

- 词汇助记 By AI -

LearnAndRecord

2015年2月8日

2025年10月22日

第3910天

每天持续行动学外语