神舟二十号航天员乘组返回

据中国载人航天办公室的消息，神舟二十号航天员乘组今天乘坐神舟二十一号飞船返回东风着陆场。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. Based on Bonnal's explanation, which of the following best captures the implied kinetic comparison of a 1-millimeter object in space?

A. It hits with a force equivalent to a small stone thrown by hand.

B. It delivers an impact comparable to a heavy object moving at high terrestrial speed.

C. Its energy level is similar to a car traveling at moderate speed.

D. It poses minimal structural danger due to its small size.

无注释原文：

China Delays Return of Astronauts After Debris May Have Hit Spacecraft

From: The New York Times

China has postponed a mission to return three astronauts from its space station after a suspected debris strike on a spacecraft, the country's space authorities said on Wednesday.

The China Manned Space Agency said in a statement that an analysis of the suspected strike and a risk assessment was underway, and that it had decided to delay the return mission for the health and safety of the astronauts.

The mission, known as Shenzhou-20, was launched on April 24 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northern China's Gobi Desert and is the 35th flight of the country's manned space program. The astronauts — the mission commander, Chen Dong, and Chen Zhongrui and Wang Jie — have spent six months in orbit at the Tiangong space station. They were expected to return on Thursday to the Dongfeng Landing Site in China's northern region of Inner Mongolia.

Scientists and space organizations have done a good job of cataloging larger objects in space, making it easier to avoid collisions, said Christophe Bonnal of the International Academy of Astronautics. But numerous smaller objects, like micrometeoroids and debris, float in space, too.

“You don't see them, and they are deadly,” Mr. Bonnal said.

An object as small as 1 millimeter can wreak havoc in space because it will have a similar impact as a bowling ball barreling down at 100 kilometers per hour on earth, Mr. Bonnal said. Some estimates say that there are about 130 million such objects orbiting the earth.

Over the past few years, its space program has catapulted from fourth in world rankings behind the United States, Russia and Europe, to a close second behind the U.S. with a large stable of launch vehicles, said Jonathan McDowell, an astronomer and expert on space exploration.

“They have now moved to this era of permanent human occupation,” Mr. McDowell said, referring to the fact that the space station always has a Chinese astronaut. “That is a really impressive achievement from a late starter.”

During their time in space, the Shenzhou-20 crew has made several spacewalks, handled cargo deliveries and conducted scientific experiments, among other tasks.

They were joined last week at the Tiangong station by a relief crew aboard another spacecraft known as the Shenzhou-21. Both spacecraft are now docked at the station.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

China Delays Return of Astronauts After Debris May Have Hit Spacecraft

From: The New York Times

China has postponed a mission to return three astronauts from its space station after a suspected debris strike on a spacecraft, the country's space authorities said on Wednesday.

中国航天部门周三表示，因航天器疑似受到太空碎片撞击，推迟三名航天员从空间站的返航任务。

postpone /pəʊstˈpəʊn/ 表示“推迟，延缓，使延期”，英文解释为“If you postpone an event, you delay it or arrange for it to take place at a later time than was originally planned.”举个🌰：He decided to postpone the expedition until the following day. 他决定将探险活动推迟到第二天。

debris /ˈdeb.riː/ 表示“碎片，残片；残渣；垃圾；废弃物”，英文解释为“pieces of material that are not wanted and rubbish/garbage that are left somewhere”举个🌰：Clear away leaves and other garden debris from the pond. 把池塘里的树叶和其他庭园垃圾清除干净。

The China Manned Space Agency said in a statement that an analysis of the suspected strike and a risk assessment was underway, and that it had decided to delay the return mission for the health and safety of the astronauts.

中国载人航天工程办公室在声明中称，目前对疑似撞击事件正在进行影响分析及风险评估工作，为保障航天员的健康安全，决定推迟返航任务。

manned /mænd/ 表示“（机器、车辆、地方或活动）有人控制的，需人操纵的”，英文解释为“if a machine, a vehicle, a place or an activity is manned , it has or needs a person to control or operate it”如：manned space flight 载人航天。

The mission, known as Shenzhou-20, was launched on April 24 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northern China's Gobi Desert and is the 35th flight of the country's manned space program. The astronauts — the mission commander, Chen Dong, and Chen Zhongrui and Wang Jie — have spent six months in orbit at the Tiangong space station. They were expected to return on Thursday to the Dongfeng Landing Site in China's northern region of Inner Mongolia.

这次任务名为神舟二十号，于4月24日从中国北部戈壁沙漠的酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空，是中国载人航天工程的第35次飞行任务。航天员包括指令长陈冬、航天员陈中瑞和王杰，已在天宫空间站轨道驻留六个月。他们原计划于周四返回中国北部内蒙古的东风着陆场。

commander /kəˈmɑːn.dər/ 表示“指挥官；司令官”，英文解释为“A commander is an officer in charge of a military operation or organization.”

orbit /ˈɔː.bɪt/ 作名词，1）表示“（天体等运行的）轨道”，英文解释为“a curved path followed by a planet or an object as it moves around another planet, star, moon, etc.”

2）表示“（人、组织等的）影响范围，势力范围”，英文解释为“an area that a particular person, organization, etc. deals with or is able to influence”如：to come/fall/be within sb's orbit 进入/落入/属于某人的势力范围。

作动词，表示“绕轨道运行，沿轨道围绕（行星或恒星）运行”，英文解释为“to follow a curved path around a planet or star”举个🌰：On this mission the Shuttle will orbit (the Earth) at a height of several hundred miles. 此次任务中，这架航天飞机将在距地面数百英里的高空绕（地球）轨道运行。

📍词根“orb-”来自拉丁语“orbis”，意味着“圆”，表示物体围绕中心点的路径。近义词：path（路径），同根词：orbital（轨道的），常用短语：enter into orbit（进入轨道）

Scientists and space organizations have done a good job of cataloging larger objects in space, making it easier to avoid collisions, said Christophe Bonnal of the International Academy of Astronautics. But numerous smaller objects, like micrometeoroids and debris, float in space, too.

国际宇航科学院的克里斯托夫·邦纳尔表示，科学家和航天机构已对太空中的大型物体进行了妥善分类编目，这让规避碰撞变得更加容易。但太空中还漂浮着大量微小物体，比如微流星体和碎片。

美式 catalog 英式 catalogue /ˈkæt.əl.ɒɡ/ 作名词，表示“（某处书籍、绘画作品等的）目录”，英文解释为“a list of all the books, paintings, etc. that exist in a place”

作动词，表示“记录；将…编入目录”，英文解释为“to record something, especially in a list”举个🌰：Many plants become extinct before they have even been catalogued. 许多植物甚至还没来得及编入目录就已经灭绝了。

collision /kəˈlɪʒ.ən/ 1）表示“碰撞，互撞”，英文解释为“an accident that happens when two vehicles hit each other with force”举个🌰：There has been a collision on the southbound stretch of the motorway. 在高速公路南向路段上发生了一起撞车事故。

2）表示“冲突，抵触”，英文解释为“a strong disagreement”举个🌰：There was a collision of interests/opinions. 存在利益冲突/意见不和。

📍be on a collision course 表示“必然导致冲突；势必发生冲突”，英文解释为“If two or more people or groups are on a collision course, they are doing or saying things that are certain to cause a serious disagreement or fight between them.”举个🌰：All attempts at diplomacy have broken down and the two states now appear to be on a collision course. 所有的外交努力都失败了，现在两国发生冲突似乎在所难免。

micro- /ˈmaɪ.krəʊ/ 表示“小的，微小的”，英文解释为“very small”如：a microorganism 微生物，microbiology 微生物学。

meteoroid /ˈmiː.ti.ə.rɔɪd/ 表示“流星体”，英文解释为“a piece of rock or other matter in space that has not yet entered the earth's atmosphere”

“You don't see them, and they are deadly,” Mr. Bonnal said.

“这些小物体肉眼不可见，却具有致命杀伤力。”邦纳尔说。

An object as small as 1 millimeter can wreak havoc in space because it will have a similar impact as a bowling ball barreling down at 100 kilometers per hour on earth, Mr. Bonnal said. Some estimates say that there are about 130 million such objects orbiting the earth.

邦纳尔指出，一颗直径仅1毫米的物体在太空中也能造成严重破坏，其撞击力相当于地球上时速100公里飞驰的保龄球。据估计，地球轨道上约有1.3亿个此类微小物体。

wreak havoc 肆虐，造成严重破坏，wreak /riːk/ 表示“造成（混乱或严重破坏）”，英文解释为“Something or someone that wreaks havoc or destruction causes a great amount of disorder or damage.”举个🌰：The recent storms have wreaked havoc on crops. 最近的暴风雨给农作物造成了巨大的灾害。She was determined to wreak revenge/vengeance on both him and his family. 她决心要报复他和他的家人。

📍havoc /ˈhævək/ 作名词，表示“破坏，毁坏；混乱”，英文解释为“confusion and lack of order, especially causing damage or trouble”

🎬电影《歪小子斯科特》（Scott Pilgrim vs. the World）中提到：You know what, maybe it's high.... time you took a look in a mirror before you wreak havoc on another girl. 你知道吗，在你再去糟蹋别的女孩之前，你真该去照照镜子。

barrel /ˈbær.əl/ 除了表示“桶”，英文解释为“a large container, made of wood, metal, or plastic, with a flat top and bottom and curved sides that make it fatter in the middle”，还可以表示“枪管”，英文解释为“the long part of a gun that is shaped like a tube”

作动词，表示“飞驰”，英文解释为“to travel somewhere very quickly”举个🌰：We were barrelling along the autobahn at 180 kph. 我们以每小时180公里的速度在高速路上飞驰。

Over the past few years, its space program has catapulted from fourth in world rankings behind the United States, Russia and Europe, to a close second behind the U.S. with a large stable of launch vehicles, said Jonathan McDowell, an astronomer and expert on space exploration.

天文学家、太空探索专家乔纳森·麦克道威尔表示，过去几年间，中国航天事业已从世界第四（落后于美国、俄罗斯和欧洲）跃升至紧随美国之后的第二位，拥有了完备的运载火箭体系。

catapult /ˈkætəˌpʌlt/ 1）作动词，原意表示“把…射出，把…弹出；（被）猛掷，猛扔；弹射”，英文解释为“to throw sb/sth or be thrown suddenly and violently through the air”举个🌰：She was catapulted out of the car as it hit the wall. 汽车撞墙时，她被甩出车外。

📍霉霉《Red》重录专辑上线了文中提到，be catapulted into sth表示“突然经历；一跃而成”，英文解释为“to suddenly experience a particular state, such as being famous”举个🌰：The award for best actress meant that almost overnight she was catapulted into the limelight. 获得最佳女演员奖意味着她几乎一夜之间成了公众关注的焦点。

2）作名词，表示“投射器；石弩；弹射器”，英文解释为“a device that can throw objects at a high speed”举个🌰：In the past, armies used catapults to hurl heavy stones at enemy fortifications. 古代军队使用石弩将重石投向敌人的防御工事。

be catapulted into sth表示“突然经历；一跃而成”，英文解释为“to suddenly experience a particular state, such as being famous”举个🌰：The award for best actress meant that almost overnight she was catapulted into the limelight. 获得最佳女演员奖意味着她几乎一夜之间成了公众关注的焦点。

“They have now moved to this era of permanent human occupation,” Mr. McDowell said, referring to the fact that the space station always has a Chinese astronaut. “That is a really impressive achievement from a late starter.”

“中国现已进入人类长期驻留太空的时代。”麦克道威尔说，他指的是中国空间站始终有航天员驻留的现状。“对于后来者而言，这是一项令人印象深刻的成就。”

During their time in space, the Shenzhou-20 crew has made several spacewalks, handled cargo deliveries and conducted scientific experiments, among other tasks.

神舟二十号乘组在轨期间完成了多次出舱活动、货物转运、科学实验等任务。

cargo /ˈkɑː.ɡəʊ/ 表示“（轮船、飞机等大型交通工具装载的）货物”，英文解释为“the goods carried by a ship, aircraft, or other large vehicle”如：a cargo ship/plane 货船/货运飞机。

They were joined last week at the Tiangong station by a relief crew aboard another spacecraft known as the Shenzhou-21. Both spacecraft are now docked at the station.

上周，神舟二十一号乘组已乘坐另一艘航天器抵达天宫空间站执行轮换任务，目前两艘飞船均与空间站对接。

dock /dɒk/ 作动词，1）表示“（使宇宙飞船在外层空间）对接”，英文解释为“if two spacecraft dock , or are docked , they are joined together in space”举个🌰：Next year, a technology module will be docked on the space station. 明年将有一个技术舱与航天站对接。

2）日本吉野家董事发表歧视女性言论引众怒文中提到，dock还可以表示“克扣，扣发（尤指金钱）”，英文解释为“to remove part of something”举个🌰：As a punishment, they docked the soldiers' pay/wages by 20% and took away their leave. 作为惩罚，他们扣发了士兵们20%的工资并取消了他们的休假。

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