剑桥词典公布2025年度词汇：Parasocial
LearnAndRecord约 13 分钟近日，剑桥词典公布2025年度词汇：Parasocial.
Parasocial（形容词），常说Parasocial Relationship，中文通常翻译为“准社会关系”或“单向关系”。它描述的是一种单向的、想象中的人际关系。其中一方（通常是观众、粉丝或追随者）对另一方（通常是媒体人物，如名人、网红、主播等）投入了大量的时间、情感和关注，而另一方则完全不知道这位追随者的存在，或者只知道TA是模糊的“粉丝群体”中一员。
🤔️小作业：
1. What can be inferred about the shift of the term “parasocial” into mainstream language?
A. It occurred mainly because academics actively promoted the term
B. It was driven largely by the rise of new media formats and online personalities
C. It happened after dictionary editors changed its official definition
D. It was the result of the research on digital relationships
无注释原文：
Parasocial is Cambridge Dictionary Word of the Year
From: BBC
"Parasocial" is the Cambridge Dictionary's Word of the Year, defined as a relationship felt by someone between themselves and a famous person they do not know.
Its examples include the parasocial interest displayed by fans when singer Taylor Swift and American footballer Travis Kelce announced their engagement.
The term dates back to 1956, when American sociologists observed TV viewers engaging in "para-social" relationships with on-screen personalities.
Chief editor Colin McIntosh said it had recently been used to describe "a type of relationship, between a person and a non-person, for example a celebrity".
"It was originally coined as an academic word and was confined to the academic sphere for quite a long time," he added.
"It's only fairly recently that it's made a shift into popular language and it's one of those words that have been influenced by social media."
Other examples given by the dictionary included Lily Allen's breakup album West End Girl, which leaned into a parasocial interest in her love life, and the emergence of parasocial relationships with AI bots, which saw people treat them as a confidant, friend or romantic partner.
The confessional nature of podcast hosts have been said to replace real friends and to catalyse parasocial relationships.
The dictionary saw a surge in people looking up the word after the Youtube star IShowSpeed blocked an obsessive fan as his "number 1 parasocial".
The word was first coined by University of Chicago sociologists Donald Horton and Richard Wohl, who observed television viewers engaged in "para-social" relationships with on-screen personalities, resembling those they formed with "real" family and friends.
They noted how the rapidly expanding medium of television brought the faces of actors directly into viewers' homes, making them fixtures in people's lives.
Senior editor Jessica Rundell said: "We're not here to judge what's a good word, what's a bad word and whether it's valid - it's more if it stands the test of time and if people are using it all over place."
New entrants to the Cambridge Dictionary included skibidi, delulu and tradwife.
- ◆ -
注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Parasocial is Cambridge Dictionary Word of the Year
From: BBC
"Parasocial" is the Cambridge Dictionary's Word of the Year, defined as a relationship felt by someone between themselves and a famous person they do not know.
“Parasocial”（准社交，拟社交互动）当选剑桥词典的年度词汇，定义为某人与一位素未谋面的名人之间产生的一种关系。
parasocial
2023年，该词就成为牛津词典年度词汇的候选词。parasocial表示“准社会性的；类社会性的”，英文解释为“involving or relating to a connection between a person and someone they do not know personally, for example a famous person or a character in a book”
“Parasocial”常用于描述一种社交关系，这是一种单向的心理关系，其中一个人（如观众、粉丝或消费者）对另一个不了解他们存在的人（如名人、影视角色或媒体人物）产生情感投入和心理上的依附。
📍在这种社交关系中，一个人可能会感觉像是与媒体中的人物有着真实的、互动的关系，尽管实际上这种关系是单向的，且媒体人物并不知晓这种关系的存在。观众可能会对电视节目中的角色、名人或公众人物产生强烈的情感连结，感觉他们就像是自己生活中的一部分。这种现象在现代社会中十分普遍，特别是在社交媒体和网络文化中，粉丝们常常会对他们所喜爱的名人、网络红人或虚拟角色产生强烈的社交感觉。这种关系有时被认为对个人心理健康有益，因为它提供了一种归属感和满足感，但也可能导致不切实际的期望和情感依赖。
define
define /dɪˈfaɪn/ 1）表示“给（尤指单词）下定义；说明，解释”，英文解释为“to say what the meaning of something, especially a word, is”举个🌰：Before I answer your question, could you define your terms a little more (= explain what you mean by the words you have used)? 在回答你的问题之前，你能不能再解释一下你用词的意思？
2）表示“界定；确定；限定”，英文解释为“to explain and describe the meaning and exact limits of something”举个🌰：Your role in the project will be strictly defined (= limited to particular areas). 你在这个项目里的任务将有明确的界定。
Its examples include the parasocial interest displayed by fans when singer Taylor Swift and American footballer Travis Kelce announced their engagement.
譬如，当歌手泰勒·斯威夫特（Taylor Swift）与美国橄榄球运动员特拉维斯·凯尔西（Travis Kelce）宣布订婚时，粉丝们表现出了对这种“准社交”关系的兴趣。
engagement
engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ.mənt/ 1）表示“订婚”，英文解释为“an agreement to marry someone”如：an engagement party 订婚宴会。
2）表示“约定；约会；预约”，英文解释为“an arrangement to meet someone or do something at a particular time”如：a dinner engagement 晚餐预约，举个🌰：I'm afraid I have a previous/prior engagement (= another arrangement already made). 对不起，我已经有约了。
3）表示“交战，交火；战斗”，英文解释为“the act of beginning to fight someone, or a period of time in a war”
4）表示“参加，从事”，英文解释为“the fact of being involved with something”
5）表示“对社交媒体的参与或互动，包括发布内容、点赞、评论、分享等行为”，英文解释为“the process of people looking at and reacting to particular information online, for example a particular company's social media posts”
The term dates back to 1956, when American sociologists observed TV viewers engaging in "para-social" relationships with on-screen personalities.
这个词可以追溯到1956年， 当时美国社会学家观察到电视观众与萤幕上的人物之间存在着“准社交”关系。
sociologist
sociologist /ˌsəʊ.siˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ 表示“社会学家，社会关系研究者”，英文解释为“someone who studies or is an expert in sociology”
Chief editor Colin McIntosh said it had recently been used to describe "a type of relationship, between a person and a non-person, for example a celebrity".
主编科林·麦金托什（Colin McIntosh）表示，该词汇最近被用来描述“人与非普通人（例如名人）之间的一种关系”。
"It was originally coined as an academic word and was confined to the academic sphere for quite a long time," he added.
他补充说：“这个词最初是作为学术用语而创造的，并且在相当长的一段时间里仅限于学术领域。”
coin
在凡尔赛文学是什么梗？文中，提到了网友构造了凡尔赛文学这个说法 Chinese netizens coined the term “Versailles literature”，其中coin作动词，熟词僻义，表示“创造（新词语）”，英文解释为“to invent a new word or phrase that other people then begin to use”举个🌰：He coined the term "LearnAndRecord". 他创造了LearnAndRecord这一说法。
📍coinage作名词，表示“新造的词（语）；新词语的创造”，英文解释为“(the inventing of) a new word or phrase in a language”
confine
confine /kənˈfaɪn/ 表示“把…局限在，限制”，英文解释为“to limit an activity, person, or problem in some way”举个🌰：Let's confine our discussion to the matter in question, please! 请把讨论集中在正题上！
sphere
sphere /sfɪə/ 1）表示“球，圆球；球状物”，英文解释为“an object shaped like a round ball”
2）表示“（活动、兴趣的）领域”，英文解释为“A sphere of activity or interest is a particular area of activity or interest.”如：the sphere of international politics 国际政治领域，different social spheres 不同的社会圈子。
"It's only fairly recently that it's made a shift into popular language and it's one of those words that have been influenced by social media."
“直到最近，它才逐渐转变为流行语之一，而这也是受到社交媒体影响的词汇之一。”
Other examples given by the dictionary included Lily Allen's breakup album West End Girl, which leaned into a parasocial interest in her love life, and the emergence of parasocial relationships with AI bots, which saw people treat them as a confidant, friend or romantic partner.
剑桥词典中给出的其他例子莉莉·艾伦（Lily Allen）的分手专辑《西区女孩》（West End Girl），这张专辑体现了人们对她爱情生活的准社交兴趣；以及与人工智慧（AI）机器人之间准社交关系的出现，人们将机器人视为知己、朋友或浪漫伴侣。
confidant
confidant /ˈkɒn.fɪ.dænt/ 表示“知心朋友，知己，密友”，英文解释为“a person you trust and share your feelings and secrets with”如：a close confidant 亲密知己。
The confessional nature of podcast hosts have been said to replace real friends and to catalyse parasocial relationships.
播客主持人坦白式的表达方式，被认为在某种程度上取代了真正的朋友，并促进了“准社交”关系的形成。
confessional
表示“忏悔的，自白的”，英文解释为“A confessional speech or writing contains confessions.”
catalyse
美式 catalyze 英式 catalyse /ˈkæt.əl.aɪz/ 表示“催化”，英文解释为“to make a chemical reaction happen or happen more quickly by acting as a catalyst”举个🌰：It was thought that only proteins could catalyse reactions in cells. 过去曾认为只有蛋白质才能催化细胞内的反应。
The dictionary saw a surge in people looking up the word after the Youtube star IShowSpeed blocked an obsessive fan as his "number 1 parasocial".
在YouTube明星“IShowSpeed”将一位过度痴迷的粉丝拉黑，并称其为自己的“头号准社交者”后，剑桥词典观察到查询这个词的人数激增。
surge
surge /sɜːdʒ/ 1）作动词，表示“急剧上升；飞涨；剧增”，英文解释为“If something surges, it increases suddenly and greatly, after being steady or developing only slowly.”举个🌰：The company's profits have surged. 公司的利润激增。
2）表示“涌动，蜂拥向前”，英文解释为“to move quickly and powerfully”举个🌰：An angry crowd surged through the gates of the president's palace. 愤怒的人群涌进了总统府的大门。
3）作名词，表示“剧增”，英文解释为“A surge is a sudden large increase in something that has previously been steady, or has only increased or developed slowly.”举个🌰：An unexpected surge in electrical power caused the computer to crash. 突然出现的电压剧增导致电脑死机。
🎬电影《雷神2：黑暗世界》（Thor: The Dark World）中的台词提到：But she will not survive the amount of energy surging within her. 但她体内涌动的能量太大 她撑不住的。
obsessive
obsessive /əbˈses.ɪv/ 作形容词，表示“着迷的，迷恋的；难以释怀的；过分（到不正常程度）的”，英文解释为“thinking about something or someone, or doing something, too much or all the time”举个🌰：He's obsessive about punctuality. 他过分讲究准时。
作名词，表示“强迫症患者；痴迷者”，英文解释为“a person whose mind is filled with thoughts of one particular thing or person so that they cannot think of anything else”
The word was first coined by University of Chicago sociologists Donald Horton and Richard Wohl, who observed television viewers engaged in "para-social" relationships with on-screen personalities, resembling those they formed with "real" family and friends.
这个词最初由芝加哥大学社会学家唐纳德·霍顿（Donald Horton）与理查德·沃尔（Richard Wohl,）提出。他们观察到，电视观众与萤幕上的人物建立了“准社交”关系，这种关系类似于他们与“现实”家人和朋友之间所形成的关系。
resemble
resemble /rɪˈzem.bəl/ 作动词，表示“像；看起来像；与…相似”，英文解释为“to look like or be like someone or something”举个🌰：You resemble your mother very closely. 你长得很像你妈妈。
They noted how the rapidly expanding medium of television brought the faces of actors directly into viewers' homes, making them fixtures in people's lives.
他们注意到，迅速发展的电视媒介将演员的面孔直接带入了观众的家中，使他们成为人们生活中固定的存在。
fixture
fixture /ˈfɪks.tʃər/ 1）表示“固定设施，固定装置”，如房屋内安装的浴缸或抽水马桶；
2）英式用法，还可以表示“（定时举办的）体育活动，体育赛事”，英文解释为“a day and usually a time agreed for a sports event”举个🌰：Next season's fixtures will be published early next month. 下赛季的赛事日程将在下月初公布。
📍比喻义，詹姆斯父子同台创历史文中提到，fixture可以表示一个固定的、常见的或经常出现的事物。它通常用来描述某种事物或事件在某个地方或文化中已经变得普遍或常态化。They've been together so long he's become a permanent fixture in her life. 他们在一起太久了，他已经成为她生活中不可缺少的一部分。
📍词根“fix-”表示“固定”。想象大厅中的吊灯是一个不可移动的“固定装置”。联想宫殿：在宫殿的宏伟大厅中，你看到一盏华丽的吊灯，它是那里的一个永久“固定装置”。近义词：furnishing（家具），同根词：affix（附加），常用短语：a fixture in the community（社区的常客）
Senior editor Jessica Rundell said: "We're not here to judge what's a good word, what's a bad word and whether it's valid - it's more if it stands the test of time and if people are using it all over place."
资深编辑洁西卡·朗德尔（Jessica Rundell）表示：“我们不是来判断什么是好词、什么是坏词，或它是否有效——更重要的是它能否经得起时间考验，以及人们是否在各处使用它。”
New entrants to the Cambridge Dictionary included skibidi, delulu and tradwife.
剑桥词典的新收录词汇还包括“skibidi”、“delulu”和“tradwife”。
entrant
entrant /ˈen.trənt/ 1）表示“新成员；新会员；新职员”，英文解释为“a person who becomes a member of a group or organization”如：new entrants to the school/company 学校新生/公司新职员；
2）表示“首次销售某种产品（或服务）的公司；在某处首次开始经营的公司”，英文解释为“a company that starts selling a particular product or service, or selling in a particular place, for the first time”
- 词汇盘点 -
- 词汇助记 By AI -
LearnAndRecord
2015年2月8日
2025年11月19日
第3938天
每天持续行动学外语