澳洲成全球首个16岁以下禁用社交媒体国家

去年11月，澳大利亚通过法案16岁以下禁用社交媒体。据了解，今年12月10日起将正式实施。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What can be inferred about the government's stance on age declaration by users?

A. It considers self-declared ages unreliable for effective enforcement

B. It plans to criminalise false age submissions by minors

C. It believes parents are best positioned to verify children's ages

D. It expects companies to eliminate all risks of underage access

无注释原文：

Australia is banning social media for kids under 16. How will it work?

From: BBC

From 10 December, social media companies will have to take "reasonable steps" to ensure that under-16s in Australia cannot set up accounts on their platforms and that existing accounts are deactivated or removed.

The government says the ban - a world-first policy popular with many parents - is aimed at reducing the "pressures and risks" children can be exposed to on social media, which come from "design features that encourage them to spend more time on screens, while also serving up content that can harm their health and wellbeing".

A study commissioned by the government earlier this year said 96% of children aged 10-15 used social media and that seven out of 10 of them had been exposed to harmful content and behaviour. This behaviour ranged from misogynistic material to fight videos and content promoting eating disorders and suicide.

One in seven also reported experiencing grooming-type behaviour from adults or older children, and more than half said they had been the victims of cyberbullying.

How will the ban be enforced?

Children and parents will not be punished for infringing the ban - it is social media companies who are charged with enforcing it, and they face fines of up to $49.5m (US$32m, £25m) for serious or repeated breaches.

The government says these companies must take "reasonable steps" to keep kids off their platforms, and use age assurance technologies - without specifying which ones.

Several possibilities have been raised, including the use of government IDs, face or voice recognition and age inference. The latter of these uses online information other than a date of birth - such as online behaviour or interactions - to estimate a person's age.

The government is encouraging platforms to use multiple different methods. It has also said platforms cannot rely on users declaring their own age, or on parents vouching for their children.

Meta, which owns Facebook, Instagram and Threads, has announced it will begin closing teen accounts from 4 December. Those mistakenly kicked off could use a government ID or provide a video selfie to verify their age, the company said.

The other affected platforms have not yet said how they will comply with the ban.

Will children try to get around the ban?

Teens interviewed by the BBC said they were opening new accounts with fake ages ahead of the ban - although the government has warned social media companies it expects them to detect such accounts and remove them.

Online, teenagers are also recommending alternative social media apps or giving tips they hope will help them bypass the ban.

Some teens, including influencers, have switched to joint accounts with their parents.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Australia is banning social media for kids under 16. How will it work?

From: BBC

From 10 December, social media companies will have to take "reasonable steps" to ensure that under-16s in Australia cannot set up accounts on their platforms and that existing accounts are deactivated or removed.

自12月10日起，澳大利亚社交媒体公司将被要求采取“合理措施”，确保澳洲16岁以下人士无法在其平台上开设账号，并必须停用或移除现有的未成年账号。

deactivate /ˌdiˈæk.tɪ.veɪt/ 表示“使无效，使失效”，英文解释为“to cause something to be no longer active or effective”举个🌰：All chemical weapons facilities will be deactivated. 所有化学武器设施都将进行处理使其失效。

The government says the ban - a world-first policy popular with many parents - is aimed at reducing the "pressures and risks" children can be exposed to on social media, which come from "design features that encourage them to spend more time on screens, while also serving up content that can harm their health and wellbeing".

澳洲政府表示，这项禁令是全球首创并受到许多家长欢迎，旨在减少儿童在社交媒体上面临的“压力和风险”，例如那些鼓励长时间使用的设计，以及可能损害身心健康的内容。

serve /sɜːv/ sth up表示“向（某人）提供”，英文解释为“to provide something or make something available to people ”举个🌰：We were served up with a list of titles that best matched what we were looking for. 我们得到了一份符合我们寻找要求的标题清单。

A study commissioned by the government earlier this year said 96% of children aged 10-15 used social media and that seven out of 10 of them had been exposed to harmful content and behaviour. This behaviour ranged from misogynistic material to fight videos and content promoting eating disorders and suicide.

政府今年稍早委托的研究指出，96%的10至15岁儿童使用社交媒体，其中七成曾接触有害内容和行为，包括厌女内容、打斗影片，以及鼓吹厌食症和自杀的素材。

commission /kəˈmɪʃ.ən/ 1）作名词，表示“（负责调查问题真相或原因的）委员会”，英文解释为“a group of people who have been formally chosen to discover information about a problem or examine the reasons why the problem exists”如：a commission on alcohol abuse/racial tension 酗酒问题/种族间紧张关系调查委员会。

2）表示“佣金；提成；回扣”，英文解释为“a payment to someone who sells goods that is directly related to the amount sold, or a system that uses such payments”举个🌰：Is she paid a regular wage or is it on/by commission only? 她拿正式工资还是只拿提成？

3）作动词，表示“委任（或任命）…为军官”，英文解释为“to give someone the official authority to be an officer in the armed forces”举个🌰：She was commissioned in 2025. 她于2025年被任命为军官。

4）作动词，表示“（正式地）安排…做，委托…做”，英文解释为“to formally choose someone to do a special piece of work, or to formally ask for a special piece of work from someone”举个🌰：She's commissioned an artist to paint her portrait. 她请了一位艺术家为她画肖像。

5）in commission表示“（机器、军舰等）在使用中的，在服役的”，英文解释为“If something, such as a machine or a military ship, is in commission it is working and ready for use.”这个含义也可以直接将commission当作动词用，相当于to put (a ship) in commission. 举个🌰：The ship was commissioned in 2025. 该舰于2025年服役。

6）out of commission 表示“（机器、军舰等）坏了的，不可使用的，退役的”，英文解释为“If something, such as a machine or a military ship, is out of commission it is broken or not available to be used.”

misogynistic /mɪˌsɒdʒ.ənˈɪs.tɪk/ 表示“厌女的，嫌忌女人的”，英文解释为“showing feelings of hating women or a belief that men are better than women”

One in seven also reported experiencing grooming-type behaviour from adults or older children, and more than half said they had been the victims of cyberbullying.

每七名受访者当中就有一人表示，曾遭成年人或较年长儿童进行具诱骗性的行为，超过半数曾遭受网络欺凌。

grooming /ˈɡruː.mɪŋ/ 1）表示“（人的）打扮，装束；（对动物进行的）刷洗”，英文解释为“the things that you do to make your appearance clean and neat, for example brushing your hair, or the things that you do to keep an animal's hair or fur clean and neat”

2）表示“诱奸儿童”，英文解释为“the criminal activity of becoming friends with a child in order to try to persuade the child to have a sexual relationship”

表示“网络欺凌”，英文解释为“someone who uses the internet to harm or frighten another person, especially by sending them unpleasant messages”.

How will the ban be enforced? 禁令将如何执行？

Children and parents will not be punished for infringing the ban - it is social media companies who are charged with enforcing it, and they face fines of up to $49.5m (US$32m, £25m) for serious or repeated breaches.

儿童和家长违反禁令并不会受罚，真正必须负责执行的是社交媒体公司。如果发生严重或重复违规，平台可能面临高达4,950万澳元（3,200万美

元、2,500万英镑）的罚款。

infringe /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ/ 表示“违反，违背（规定、法律等）”，英文解释为“to break a rule, law, etc.”举个🌰：They infringed building regulations. 他们违反了建筑规章。

fine /faɪn/ 作名词，表示“罚款，罚金”，英文解释为“an amount of money that has to be paid as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law”；作动词，表示“处…以罚款，处…以罚金”，英文解释为“to charge someone an amount of money as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law”举个🌰：Drivers who exceed the speed limit can expect to be fined heavily. 超速驾车的司机会被罚以重金。

The government says these companies must take "reasonable steps" to keep kids off their platforms, and use age assurance technologies - without specifying which ones.

澳洲政府要求平台采取“合理措施”阻止儿童使用，并必须使用年龄验证技术，但没有指定使用哪一种。

assurance /əˈʃɔː.rəns/ 表示“保证”，英文解释为“a promise”举个🌰：She gave me her assurance (that) she would sign the contract immediately. 她向我保证她会马上签署合同。

specify /ˈspes.ɪ.faɪ/ 表示“具体说明；明确指出”，英文解释为“to explain or describe something clearly and exactly”举个🌰：He said we should meet but didn't specify a time. 他说我们应该见见面，但没说具体时间。

Several possibilities have been raised, including the use of government IDs, face or voice recognition and age inference. The latter of these uses online information other than a date of birth - such as online behaviour or interactions - to estimate a person's age.

外界提出的可能方式包括：政府身份证件、人脸或声音识别，以及年龄推断技术，后者会根据使用者的行为模式而非生日来估算年龄。

inference /ˈɪn.fər.əns/ 表示“推断，推论，推理”，英文解释为“a guess that you make or an opinion that you form based on the information that you have”举个🌰：They were warned to expect a heavy air attack and by inference many casualties. 他们被警告可能会受到严厉的空中打击，由此推断会有许多人员伤亡。

The government is encouraging platforms to use multiple different methods. It has also said platforms cannot rely on users declaring their own age, or on parents vouching for their children.

澳洲政府鼓励平台采用多种方法验证，同时强调不能只依赖使用者自行申报年龄，也不能单靠家长代为确认。

vouch /vaʊtʃ/ 表示“担保；证明；作证”，英文解释为“to be able from your knowledge or experience to say that something is true”举个🌰：As a medical examiner I can vouch that his death was accidental. 作为法医，我可以确定他是意外死亡。

vouch for sth/sb表示“为…担保；保证”，英文解释为“to say that you know from experience that something is true or good, or that someone is honest and has a good character”举个🌰：He has checked the reports and can vouch for the accuracy of the information. 他已经核实过报告，可以保证信息的准确性。

Meta, which owns Facebook, Instagram and Threads, has announced it will begin closing teen accounts from 4 December. Those mistakenly kicked off could use a government ID or provide a video selfie to verify their age, the company said.

Meta（Facebook、Instagram、Threads的母公司）已宣布，自12月4日起开始关闭青少年账号。被错误移除的用户可提供政府身份证件或自拍影片进行年龄验证。

verify /ˈver.ɪ.faɪ/ 表示“核实；查对；核准；证明；证实”，英文解释为“to check that sth is true or accurate；to show or say that sth is true or accurate”举个🌰：We have no way of verifying his story. 我们无法核实他所说的情况。Her version of events was verified by neighbours. 她对这些事件的说法已得到邻居的证实。

The other affected platforms have not yet said how they will comply with the ban.

其他受影响的公司目前尚未公布具体执行方式。

表示“服从；遵守；依从”，英文解释为“to act according to an order, set of rules, or request”举个🌰：There are serious penalties for failure to comply with the regulations. 不遵守规定者将受到严惩。

Will children try to get around the ban? 儿童会试图绕过禁令吗？

Teens interviewed by the BBC said they were opening new accounts with fake ages ahead of the ban - although the government has warned social media companies it expects them to detect such accounts and remove them.

接受BBC访问的青少年表示，他们已经提前以假年龄开设新账号，尽管政府已警告平台必须侦测并移除这些账号。

Online, teenagers are also recommending alternative social media apps or giving tips they hope will help them bypass the ban.

网上也充斥着青少年分享如何绕过禁令的建议，或推荐替代的社交平台。

alternative本身可以作名词也可以作形容词，1）表示“可替代的，供选择的（事物）”英文解释为“An alternative plan or method is one that you can use if you do not want to use another one.”举个🌰：An alternative venue for the concert is being sought. 正在寻找其他可举办音乐会的地方。

2）表示“非传统的；另类的”，英文解释为“Alternative things are considered to be unusual and often have a small but enthusiastic group of people who support them.”如：alternative comedy 另类喜剧。

bypass /ˈbaɪ.pɑːs/ 1）表示“绕过；绕…走;避开”，英文解释为“to avoid something by going around it”举个🌰：We took the road that bypasses the town. 我们选择了绕过城镇的道路。

2）表示“忽视；置…于不顾；越过”，英文解释为“to ignore a rule or official authority”

Some teens, including influencers, have switched to joint accounts with their parents.

部分青少年（包括网红）选择与父母共用账号。

influencer /ˈɪn.flu.ən.sər/ 字面上的意思就是影响者，有影响力的人，柯林斯词典中的解释分为两种，一个就是字面上的意思：any person or thing that exerts an influence；另一种解释为：a person who uses social media to promote lifestyle choices, commercial products, etc to his or her followers. 利用社交媒体向自己的粉丝推广或推荐产品和服务的人，就是类似于现在网络中的“网红、博主”，或者说关键意见领袖，Key Opinion Leader，KOL.

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