“国考”开考！

今天，打破“35岁门槛”后的首次国考正式开考。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. Based on the figures provided in the article, which of the following is most accurate?

A. On average, every 6470 applicants compete for one national civil service job

B. The most competitive position has a ratio more than sixty times the national average

C. Increasing the age limit led to an immediate doubling of applicant numbers

D. Most vacancies receive more than 6,000 applicants

无注释原文：

Millions in China cram for civil service exam and the hope of a job for life

From: The Guardian

A record number of people are set to take China's gruelling national civil service exam this weekend, reflecting the increasing desire of Chinese workers to find employment in the public rather than private sector.

Around 3.7 million people have registered for the tests on Saturday and Sunday, which will be the first since the government increased the age limit for certain positions. The age limit for general candidates has increased from 35 to 38, while the age limit for those with postgraduate degrees has been raised from 40 to 43.

The millions of applicants will be competing for 38,100 civil service vacancies across the country, the equivalent of an average of 97 people per job.

Some jobs are particularly in demand. According to data published in Chinese media, the vacancy that received the most applicants was an immigration officer role in Ruili, a city in south-west Yunnan province that borders Myanmar. For the one job, 6,470 people have been approved to apply.

Beijing announced in October that the age limit for the civil service exams would be increased.

In China's years of reform and opening up, plunging into the risks and rewards of commercial enterprises was known as xiahai, or “jumping into the sea”. Now people talk of shangan, or “landing ashore”, to describe successfully passing the exams into the stable public sector.

The raising of the age limit for the exams has generally been welcomed, especially as it could help workers avoid the well-documented “curse of 35”, where companies refuse to higher people past their mid-30s.

But some have also spoken of the challenges of juggling exam prep with looking after young families, a balance that fresh graduates are less likely to have to worry about.

The civil service exam is notoriously gruelling, with questions on law, physics, biology, politics and reasoning. Since last year, there has also been a section on political theory, which “focuses on candidates' ability to analyse and solve problems using the Party's innovative theories,” according to an official announcement. 

One 35-year-old mother shared her daily routine on Xiaohongshu as she prepared for this year's tests. It involved pre-dawn starts and cramming in study sessions around childcare, with the result being four to five hours of sleep a night. “Days are for Powerpoint presentations, nights are for formulas and picture books, waking up at 4am is the time to prepare for the exam”.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Millions in China cram for civil service exam and the hope of a job for life

From: The Guardian

A record number of people are set to take China's gruelling national civil service exam this weekend, reflecting the increasing desire of Chinese workers to find employment in the public rather than private sector.

本周末，报考中国竞争激烈的国家公务员考试人数再创新高，折射出越来越多中国职场人更倾向于选择公职，而非进入私营企业。

美式 grueling 英式 gruelling /ˈgrʊəlɪŋ/ 表示“使人的精疲力尽的；艰辛的；让人受不了”，英文解释为“extremely tiring and difficult, and demanding great effort and determination”举个🌰：Junior doctors often have to work a gruelling 100-hour week. 资历较浅的医生经常必须承受艰巨的工作量，一周工作100小时。

the civil service /ˌsɪv.əl ˈsɜː.vɪs/ 表示“（政府的）文职部门，行政机构”，英文解释为“the government departments responsible for putting central government plans into action”举个🌰：The British civil service is supposed to be non-political. 英国政府的文职部门应该是非政治性的。

Around 3.7 million people have registered for the tests on Saturday and Sunday, which will be the first since the government increased the age limit for certain positions. The age limit for general candidates has increased from 35 to 38, while the age limit for those with postgraduate degrees has been raised from 40 to 43.

约有370万人报名参加本周末的国考，这是部分岗位放宽年龄上限后的首次考试。普通岗位的年龄上限从35岁放宽到38岁，而研究生学历则从40岁放宽至43岁。

register /ˈredʒ.ɪ.stər/ 1）熟词僻义，表示“显示（读数）；记录”，英文解释为“if a measuring instrument registers an amount or sth registers an amount on a measuring instrument, the instrument shows or records that amount”举个🌰：The thermometer registered 25°C. 温度计显示读数为25摄氏度。

2）我们常见的含义是“（尤指把姓名）登记，注册”，英文解释为“to put information, especially your name, into an official list or record”举个🌰：I registered the car in my name. 我把车登记在我的名下。

3）表示“流露出；显得；表达出”，英文解释为“to show or express a feeling”举个🌰：Her face registered disapproval. 她脸上流露出不赞同的神色。

📍政府工作报告中经常会出现这个词，比如2020年报告Part 1中提到的：先进制造业、现代服务业较快增长。Advanced manufacturing and modern services registered rapid growth. 以及2018年报告Part 1中提到的：国内生产总值从54万亿元增加到82.7万亿元，年均增长7.1%，China's gross domestic product (GDP) has risen from 54 trillion to 82.7 trillion yuan, registering average annual growth of 7.1 percent; 都有“显示；指示；表达”的含义（to record, show, or express something）。

The millions of applicants will be competing for 38,100 civil service vacancies across the country, the equivalent of an average of 97 people per job.

数百万考生将竞争全国3.81万个岗位，平均每个岗位约有97人竞争。

applicant /ˈæp.lɪ.kənt/ 表示“申请人”，英文解释为“a person who formally requests something, especially a job, or to study at a college or university”举个🌰：How many applicants did you have for the job? 申请这个工作的有多少人？

vacancy /ˈveɪ.kən.si/ 1）表示“空处；空位”，英文解释为“a space or place that is available to be used”举个🌰：We wanted to book a hotel room in July but there were no vacancies. 我们想预订7月份的宾馆房间，但是已经没有空房了。

2）表示“（职位）空缺”，英文解释为“a job that no one is doing and is therefore available for someone new to do”举个🌰：There is a vacancy for a shop assistant on Saturdays. 商店有个星期六上班的店员职位空缺。

equivalent /ɪˈkwɪv.əl.ənt/ 1）作形容词，表示“（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的”，英文解释为“equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.”举个🌰：Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles. 八公里约等于五英里。

2）作名词，表示“相等的东西；等量；对应词”，英文解释为“a thing, amount, word, etc. that is equivalent to sth else”

Some jobs are particularly in demand. According to data published in Chinese media, the vacancy that received the most applicants was an immigration officer role in Ruili, a city in south-west Yunnan province that borders Myanmar. For the one job, 6,470 people have been approved to apply.

部分岗位异常热门。根据中国媒体公布的数据，报名人数最多的岗位是云南省西南部与缅甸接壤的瑞丽市的移民管理岗位。这个岗位有6470人通过审核报名。

Beijing announced in October that the age limit for the civil service exams would be increased.

今年十月，官方宣布放宽国考的年龄上限。

In China's years of reform and opening up, plunging into the risks and rewards of commercial enterprises was known as xiahai, or “jumping into the sea”. Now people talk of shangan, or “landing ashore”, to describe successfully passing the exams into the stable public sector.

改革开放时期，投身商界被称为“下海”。如今，人们把考上公职叫作“上岸”，象征进入稳定的体制内岗位。

plunge /plʌndʒ/ 可以作动词，也可以作名词，1）表示“使突然前冲（或下落）”，英文解释为“to move or make sb/sth move suddenly forwards and/or downwards”举个🌰：She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death.她没有站稳，从100英尺的高处跌下摔死了。

2）表示“骤降”，英文解释为“If an amount or rate plunges, it decreases quickly and suddenly.”举个🌰：His weight began to plunge.（动词）他的体重开始骤然下降。Japan's banks are in trouble because of bad loans and the stock market plunge.（名词）日本各家银行处于困境，缘于不良贷款以及股市的暴跌。

📍2020年4月瑞幸咖啡怎么了？文中就提到了CNN的标题China's Luckin Coffee plunges 75% on accounting probe用的是plunge一词，表示股价暴跌。

3）plunge (sb/sth) into sth表示“（使）陷入；（使）经历”，英文解释为“to suddenly experience a bad situation or unhappiness, or to make someone or something suddenly experience a bad situation or unhappiness”举个🌰：He was plunged into despair when his wife left him. 他妻子离开他时，他一下子陷入绝望之中。

📍类似的表达「暴跌」的词有：plummet，tank，sink，slump，...

📍slump表示“（价值等）暴跌”，英文解释为“If something such as the value of something slumps, it falls suddenly and by a large amount.”举个🌰：Net profits slumped by 25%. 净利润暴跌了25%。

📍plummet /ˈplʌmɪt/ 表示“（数量、比率、价格）暴跌”，英文解释为“If an amount, rate, or price plummets, it decreases quickly by a large amount.”举个🌰：Her spirits plummeted at the thought of meeting him again. 一想到又要见到他，她的心情便直往下沉。

📍tank，熟词僻义，作名词是坦克的意思，作动词有“表现得很糟糕，快速减少，衰落，下跌”的含义，英文解释为“If something such as a stock price or a movie tanks, it performs very badly, for example because it loses a lot of money.”举个🌰：Tech stocks have tanked. 科技股票暴跌了。

The raising of the age limit for the exams has generally been welcomed, especially as it could help workers avoid the well-documented “curse of 35”, where companies refuse to higher people past their mid-30s.

放宽年龄上限普遍受到欢迎，尤其是因为这有助于缓解人们常说的“35岁危机”，即公司拒绝雇佣35岁以后的人。

well-documented 表示“有大量文件记载的；书面证据充分的；显而易见的”，英文解释为“having been often recorded”举个🌰：The medicinal value of garlic is well documented. 有大量文献记载了大蒜的药用价值。

curse /kɜːs/ 1）作名词，表示“咒骂语；骂人话”，英文解释为“a rude or offensive word or phrase that some people use when they are very angry”

2）表示“咒语，诅咒，魔咒”，英文解释为“magic words that are intended to bring bad luck to someone”举个🌰：In the story, a wicked witch puts a curse on the princess for a hundred years. 故事中，一个邪恶的女巫给公主施了一百年才能破解的咒语。

3）表示“祸根，祸因；祸害”，英文解释为“a cause of trouble and unhappiness”举个🌰：Noise is the curse of modern city life. 噪音是困扰现代城市生活的因素。

4）作动词，表示“诅咒，咒骂；骂人”，英文解释为“to use a word or an expression that is not polite and shows that you are very angry”举个🌰：She was cursing her brother for losing her keys. 她在骂弟弟，因为他弄丢了她的钥匙。

But some have also spoken of the challenges of juggling exam prep with looking after young families, a balance that fresh graduates are less likely to have to worry about.

不过，也有人指出，备考与照顾孩子难以兼顾，这对有家庭负担的考生更具压力，而应届生则无需承担。

juggle /ˈdʒʌɡ.əl/ 表示“尽力同时应付（两种或两种以上不同的活动或人）”，英文解释为“to succeed in arranging your life so that you have time to involve yourself in two or more different activities or groups of people”举个🌰：Many parents find it hard to juggle children and a career. 许多父母发现一边照顾孩子一边忙事业很难应付。

The civil service exam is notoriously gruelling, with questions on law, physics, biology, politics and reasoning. Since last year, there has also been a section on political theory, which “focuses on candidates' ability to analyse and solve problems using the Party's innovative theories,” according to an official announcement.

国考历来以难度大著称，题目横跨法律、物理、生物、政治与逻辑推理等。根据官方公告，自去年起新增政治理论部分，重点考察考生运用党的创新理论进行分析和解决问题的能力。

副词词性 notoriously 众所周知地，声名狼藉地；形容词性：notorious 表示“臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的”，英文解释为“famous or well-known for something bad”，如：a notorious computer hacker 声名狼藉的电脑黑客。

One 35-year-old mother shared her daily routine on Xiaohongshu as she prepared for this year's tests. It involved pre-dawn starts and cramming in study sessions around childcare, with the result being four to five hours of sleep a night. “Days are for Powerpoint presentations, nights are for formulas and picture books, waking up at 4am is the time to prepare for the exam”.

一位35岁的妈妈在小红书上分享她今年的备考日常：天不亮就起床，挤着照看孩子的碎片时间学习，每晚只能睡四五小时。她说：“白天做PPT，晚上背公式、读绘本，凌晨四点再爬起来复习。”

cram /kræm/  1）表示“塞满；塞进；挤入”，英文解释为“to force a lot of things into a small space”举个🌰：Eight children were crammed into the back of the car. 8个孩子被塞进了汽车的后座。

2）表示“（考试前）死记硬背，突击学习”，英文解释为“to try to learn a lot very quickly before an exam”举个🌰：She's cramming for her history exam. 为应付历史考试她拼命突击。

3）表示“急匆匆地做（许多事）”，英文解释为“to do many things in a short period of time”举个🌰：I had to cram three countries into a week's business trip. 我出差一周跑了3个国家。

formula /ˈfɔː.mjə.lə/ 1）表示“惯例；配方；处方”，英文解释为“a standard or accepted way of doing or making something”举个🌰：There's no magic formula for success. 成功没有窍门儿。

2）表示“公式，方程式”，英文解释为“a mathematical rule expressed in a set of numbers and letters”举个🌰：He developed a formula for calculating the area of a triangle. 他发明了计算三角形面积的公式。

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