梁文锋入选《自然》年度十大科学人物

近日，《自然》杂志公布年度十大科学人物榜单，梁文锋作为深度求索（DeepSeek）创始人入选。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the passage, which statement is logically supported regarding training costs?

A. DeepSeek spent roughly 10% or less of the cost Meta used for Llama 3 405B.

B. DeepSeek's training budget was similar to that of major US companies.

C. The R1 model required more financial investment than expected.

D. Meta's Llama 3 405B was only slightly more expensive than R1.

无注释原文：

The Chinese finance whizz whose DeepSeek AI model stunned the world

From: Nature

In January this year, an announcement from China rocked the world of artificial intelligence. The firm DeepSeek released its powerful but cheap R1 model out of the blue — instantly demonstrating that the United States was not as far ahead in AI as many experts had thought.

Behind the bombshell announcement is Liang Wenfeng, a 40-year-old former financial analyst who is thought to have made millions of dollars applying AI algorithms to the stock market before using the cash in 2023 to establish DeepSeek, based in Hangzhou. Liang avoids the limelight and has given only a handful of interviews to the Chinese press.

Liang's models are as open as he is secretive. R1 is a 'reasoning' large language model (LLM) that excels at solving complex tasks — such as in mathematics and coding — by breaking them down into steps. It was the first of its kind to be released as open weight, meaning that the model can be downloaded and built on for free, so has been a boon for researchers who want to adapt algorithms to their own field. DeepSeek's success seems to have prompted other companies in China and the United States to follow suit by releasing their own open models.

Despite R1 having many capabilities that are on a par with the best US models, including those powering ChatGPT, its training costs were much less than those of rival companies, say AI experts. Training costs for Meta's Llama 3 405B model, for example, were more than ten times greater. DeepSeek's bid for transparency extended to publishing the details of how it built and trained R1 when, in September, the model became the first major LLM to undergo the scrutiny of peer review. By releasing its recipe, DeepSeek taught other AI researchers how to train a reasoning model.

The heights of AI are a far cry from the village in Guangdong province where Liang was raised as the child of two primary-school teachers. Higher education took him to the prestigious Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, where he graduated with a master's in engineering in 2010; his thesis involved crafting algorithms to track objects in videos. He soon applied his love of AI to financial markets and, in 2015, co-founded the hedge fund High-Flyer, spinning off DeepSeek in 2023.

Like many Western AI entrepreneurs, Liang has set his sights on achieving artificial general intelligence — AI systems as adept as humans in cognitive tasks — and he has shaped his company around this, says Benjamin Liu, a former researcher at DeepSeek. The company prioritizes a person's potential over their level of experience when hiring (one author on the DeepSeek R1 paper is still in secondary school) and it operates with little hierarchy, with researchers deciding what to work on themselves. Liang is said to be closely involved in research, and “even interns like myself were treated as full-time employees with meaningful responsibilities”, says Liu.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

The Chinese finance whizz whose DeepSeek AI model stunned the world

From: Nature

In January this year, an announcement from China rocked the world of artificial intelligence. The firm DeepSeek released its powerful but cheap R1 model out of the blue — instantly demonstrating that the United States was not as far ahead in AI as many experts had thought.

今年一月，中国突然发布的一则消息搅动了全球人工智能领域。DeepSeek公司意外推出了高性能、低成本的R1模型，打破了外界关于美国在人工智能上领先优势巨大的固有印象。

表示“出乎意料地；突然”，英文解释为“If something happens out of the blue, it is completely unexpected.”举个🌰：One day, out of the blue, she announced that she was leaving. 有一天，她突然宣布要走。

Behind the bombshell announcement is Liang Wenfeng, a 40-year-old former financial analyst who is thought to have made millions of dollars applying AI algorithms to the stock market before using the cash in 2023 to establish DeepSeek, based in Hangzhou. Liang avoids the limelight and has given only a handful of interviews to the Chinese press.

而这则重磅消息背后的人正是40岁的前金融分析师梁文锋，据称他通过将人工智能算法在股市赚得数百万美元，并于2023年用这笔资金在杭州创立了DeepSeek。梁文锋一向低调，只接受过几次中国媒体采访。

表示“（常指令人不快的）出人意料的消息；爆炸性新闻”，英文解释为“a sudden and often unpleasant piece of news”举个🌰：My sister dropped a bombshell by announcing she was leaving her job. 我姐姐宣布她要辞职，这让大家大吃一惊。

algorithm /ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm/ 表示“算法；计算程序”，英文解释为“a set of rules that must be followed when solving a particular problem”

limelight /ˈlaɪm.laɪt/ 表示“公众关注”，英文解释为“public attention and interest”举个🌰：She's been in the limelight recently, following the release of her controversial new film. 近来随着她这部颇具争议的新片的发行，她受到了公众的极大关注。

Liang's models are as open as he is secretive. R1 is a 'reasoning' large language model (LLM) that excels at solving complex tasks — such as in mathematics and coding — by breaking them down into steps. It was the first of its kind to be released as open weight, meaning that the model can be downloaded and built on for free, so has been a boon for researchers who want to adapt algorithms to their own field. DeepSeek's success seems to have prompted other companies in China and the United States to follow suit by releasing their own open models.

梁文锋本人低调的行事风格与其模型开放程度形成鲜明对比。R1是一款“推理”大语言模型，擅长通过分步处理来解决数学、编程等复杂任务。它是此类模型中首个权重开源的，意味着人们可以免费下载并进行二次构建，这为希望调整算法的研究人员带来了巨大便利。DeepSeek的成功似乎促使中美其他公司也开始推出开源模型。

excel /ɪkˈsel/ 表示“擅长；善于；突出”，英文解释为“to be very good at doing sth”举个🌰：She has always excelled in foreign languages. 她的外语从来都是出类拔萃。

📍2019年政府工作报告Part 5中就提到：体育健儿在国际大赛上再创佳绩。Chinese athletes excelled themselves in international competitions.

🎬电影《热血警探》（Blue Fury）中的台词提到：Academically excelled in theoretical course work and final year examinations. 在校期间理论课成绩和年终测评均为优，

boon /buːn/ 表示“提高生活质量的东西；有用之物；福音”，英文解释为“something that is very helpful and improves the quality of life”举个🌰：Guide dogs are a great boon to the partially sighted. 导盲犬对视力有障碍的人来说是非常有用的。

表示“仿效”，英文解释为“to do the same thing as someone else”举个🌰：When one airline reduces its prices, the rest soon follow suit. 一家航空公司降价，其余的会很快纷纷仿效。

Despite R1 having many capabilities that are on a par with the best US models, including those powering ChatGPT, its training costs were much less than those of rival companies, say AI experts. Training costs for Meta's Llama 3 405B model, for example, were more than ten times greater. DeepSeek's bid for transparency extended to publishing the details of how it built and trained R1 when, in September, the model became the first major LLM to undergo the scrutiny of peer review. By releasing its recipe, DeepSeek taught other AI researchers how to train a reasoning model.

尽管R1具备的多项能力与美国最顶尖的模型相当，其中包括支撑ChatGPT的那些模型，但据AI专家称，其训练成本远低于竞争对手。例如，Meta公司的Llama 3 405B模型的训练成本就高出十倍以上。今年九月，R1模型成为首个接受同行评审的大语言模型。DeepSeek借此机会，将其对透明度的追求落到实处，公开了R1的完整构建与训练细节。这份“公开配方”也为全球研究者提供了训练推理模型的方法论。

on (a) par with sb/sth 表示“和…同样，不相上下，不分伯仲”，英文解释为“the same as or equal to someone or something”

transparency /trænˈspær.ən.si/ 1）表示“透明性，透明”，英文解释为“the characteristic of being easy to see through”举个🌰：The old-fashioned type of plastic lacked transparency. 老式塑料透明性不好。

2）表示“透明度；显而易见；一目了然”，英文解释为“the quality of being done in an open way without secrets”

scrutiny /ˈskruːtɪnɪ/表示“细看，仔细审查；监视”，英文解释为“the careful and detailed examination of something in order to get information about it”举个🌰：His private life came under media scrutiny. 他的私生活开始受到媒体的密切关注。

表示“同行评审，同行评议”，英文解释为“the evaluation by fellow specialists of research that someone has done in order to assess its suitability for publication or further development”

The heights of AI are a far cry from the village in Guangdong province where Liang was raised as the child of two primary-school teachers. Higher education took him to the prestigious Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, where he graduated with a master's in engineering in 2010; his thesis involved crafting algorithms to track objects in videos. He soon applied his love of AI to financial markets and, in 2015, co-founded the hedge fund High-Flyer, spinning off DeepSeek in 2023.

如今的AI高峰与梁文锋的成长背景相去甚远。他出生于广东一个村庄，父母都是小学教师。后来他进入杭州的浙江大学，并于 2010年获得工程硕士学位，研究方向是视频目标追踪算法。他随后将对AI的热爱用于金融市场，2015年与他人共同创立对冲基金High-Flyer，并在2023年孵化出DeepSeek。

表示“和…相去甚远，与…大相径庭”，英文解释为“to be completely different from something”举个🌰：This flat is a far cry from the house they had before. 这间公寓和他们以前住的房子相去甚远。

prestigious /presˈtɪdʒ.əs/ 表示“有威望的，有声望的，有威信的”，英文解释为“A prestigious institution, job, or activity is respected and admired by people.”举个🌰：It's one of the best equipped and most prestigious schools in the country. 它是该国设备最好、最有声望的学校之一。

hedge fund /ˈhedʒ ˌfʌnd/ 表示“对冲基金”，英文解释为“a type of investment that can make a lot of profit but involves a large risk”如：a hedge fund manager 对冲基金经理人。

Like many Western AI entrepreneurs, Liang has set his sights on achieving artificial general intelligence — AI systems as adept as humans in cognitive tasks — and he has shaped his company around this, says Benjamin Liu, a former researcher at DeepSeek. The company prioritizes a person's potential over their level of experience when hiring (one author on the DeepSeek R1 paper is still in secondary school) and it operates with little hierarchy, with researchers deciding what to work on themselves. Liang is said to be closely involved in research, and “even interns like myself were treated as full-time employees with meaningful responsibilities”, says Liu.

据DeepSeek前研究员刘本杰明所说，和许多西方AI企业家一样，梁文锋以实现通用人工智能（在认知任务上能与人类匹敌的系统）为终极目标并围绕这一目标塑造公司文化。公司在招聘时更看重潜力而非经验（R1论文里有位作者还是中学生），组织结构扁平，研究人员自行决定研究方向。据称梁文锋本人深度参与科研，刘本杰明表示：“甚至像我这样的实习生也被当作正式员工来对待，并承担重要职责。”

adept /əˈdɛpt/ 表示“娴熟的”，英文解释为“Someone who is adept at something can do it skilfully.”举个🌰： He's usually very adept at keeping his private life out of the media. 他通常十分擅长于使他的私生活远离媒体。

🎬电影《太空堡垒卡拉狄加：利刃》（Battlestar Galactica Razor）中的台词提到：And since it's so adept at mimicking human feeling, 既然它能如此逼真地模仿人类情感

hierarchy /ˈhaɪə.rɑː.ki/ 表示“等级制度；层次”，英文解释为“a system in which people or things are arranged according to their importance”举个🌰：Some monkeys have a very complex social hierarchy. 有些猴群中出现了非常复杂的种群等级。

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