中国大学全球排名跃升

近日，《纽约时报》发文指出，在全球高校科研成果排名中，中国的高校排名正快速跃升。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What is the primary purpose of mentioning Harvard's historical dominance at the beginning of the article?

A. To demonstrate that Harvard remains unmatched in global research output

B. To provide background before introducing a significant shift in global academic leadership

C. To criticize the methodologies used by international university rankings

D. To highlight the decline in research quality at American universities

无注释原文：

Chinese Universities Surge in Global Rankings as U.S. Schools Slip

From: The New York Times

Until recently, Harvard was the most productive research university in the world, according to a global ranking that looks at academic publication.

That position may be teetering, the most recent evidence of a troubling trend for American academia.

Harvard recently dropped to No. 3 on the ranking. The schools racing up the list are not Harvard's American peers, but Chinese universities that have been steadily climbing in rankings that emphasize the volume and quality of research they produce.

“There is a big shift coming, a bit of a new world order in global dominance of higher education and research,” said Phil Baty, chief global affairs officer for Times Higher Education, a British organization unconnected to The New York Times that produces one of the better-known world rankings of universities.

Educators and experts say the shift is a problem not just for American universities, but also for the nation as a whole.

Look back to the early 2000s, and a global university ranking based on scientific output, such as published journal articles, would be very different. Seven American schools would be among the top 10, led by Harvard University at No. 1.

Only one Chinese school, Zhejiang University, would even make the top 25.

Today, Zhejiang is ranked first on that list, the Leiden Rankings, from the Centre for Science and Technology Studies at Leiden University in the Netherlands. Seven other Chinese schools are in the top 10.

Harvard produces significantly more research now than it did two decades ago, but it has nonetheless fallen to third. And it is the only American university still near the top of the list. Harvard is still first in the Leiden rankings for highly-cited scientific publications.

The issue at top American universities is not falling production.

Six prominent American schools that would have been in the top 10 in the first decade of the 2000s — the University of Michigan, the University of California, Los Angeles, Johns Hopkins, the University of Washington-Seattle, the University of Pennsylvania, and Stanford University — are producing more research than they did two decades ago, according to the Leiden tallies.

But production by the Chinese schools has risen far more.

According to Mark Neijssel, director of services for the Centre for Science and Technology Studies, the Leiden rankings take into account papers and citations contained in the Web of Science, a database set of academic publications which is owned by Clarivate, a data and analytics company. Thousands of academic journals are represented in the databases, many of which are highly specialized, he said.

Global university rankings generally have not attracted much popular attention in the United States. Even so, some experienced academics are seeing the growth in research production from China that the rankings reflect, and are warning that America is falling behind.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Chinese Universities Surge in Global Rankings as U.S. Schools Slip

From: The New York Times

Until recently, Harvard was the most productive research university in the world, according to a global ranking that looks at academic publication.

根据一项以学术论文发表数量为依据的全球排名，直到最近，哈佛一直是世界上科研成果最多的研究型大学。

That position may be teetering, the most recent evidence of a troubling trend for American academia.

这一地位如今可能正岌岌可危，这是美国学术界一个令人担忧趋势的最新证据。

teeter /ˈtiː.tər/ 表示“摇晃，摇摇欲坠；蹒跚行走”，英文解释为“to appear to be about to fall while moving or standing”举个🌰：Danielle was teetering around in five-inch heels. 丹妮尔穿着5英寸高的高跟鞋摇摇晃晃地走来走去。

Harvard recently dropped to No. 3 on the ranking. The schools racing up the list are not Harvard's American peers, but Chinese universities that have been steadily climbing in rankings that emphasize the volume and quality of research they produce.

在最新排名中，哈佛已跌至第三位。排名快速跃升的并非美国名校，而是来自中国的高校——在强调科研产出数量与质量的排名体系中，它们正稳步攀升。

peer /pɪər/ 作动词，表示“仔细看，端详；费力地看”，英文解释为“to look carefully or with difficulty”举个🌰：When no one answered the door, she peered through the window to see if anyone was there. 没有人开门，她就费力地透过窗户朝里望去，看是否有人在。

作名词，表示“同龄人；同辈；同等社会地位（或能力）的人”，英文解释为“a person who is the same age or has the same social position or the same abilities as other people in a group”举个🌰：Do you think it's true that teenage girls are less self-confident than their male peers? 你是否认为十几岁的女孩子不如同年龄的男孩子自信？

volume /ˈvɒl.juːm/ 作名词，1）表示“总数；总量；总额”，英文解释为“the number or amount of something in general”举个🌰：It's the sheer volume of traffic in the city that is causing the problems. 造成这些问题的就是城里的交通流量。

2）表示“容积；体积；容量”，英文解释为“the amount of space that is contained within an object or solid shape”举个🌰：Which of these bottles do you think has the greater volume? 你认为这些瓶子中哪个容积最大？

3）表示“卷；册”，英文解释为“one in a set of related books”也可以表示“书”，英文解释为“a book”如：如：a volume of poetry 一本诗集，举个🌰：She took a slim volume down from the shelf. 她从书架上取下一本很薄的书。

4）表示“音量；音量调节钮”，英文解释为“the level of sound produced by a television, radio, etc., or the switch or other device controlling this”举个🌰：Could you turn the volume down, please, I'm trying to sleep. 你能把音量调低些吗？我要睡觉。

“There is a big shift coming, a bit of a new world order in global dominance of higher education and research,” said Phil Baty, chief global affairs officer for Times Higher Education, a British organization unconnected to The New York Times that produces one of the better-known world rankings of universities.

泰晤士高等教育(Times Higher Education)的全球事务主管菲尔·巴蒂指出：“全球高等教育与研究主导地位正经历重大转变，新的世界秩序正在出现。”这家英国机构（与《纽约时报》无关联）发布的大学世界排名广为人知。

dominance /ˈdɒm.ɪ.nəns/ 表示“主导地位；支配地位；优势”，英文解释为“the quality of being more important, strong, or successful than anything else of the same type”如：the company's growing dominance of the sports shoe industry 该公司在运动鞋行业的优势地位日益增强。

Educators and experts say the shift is a problem not just for American universities, but also for the nation as a whole.

教育界人士和专家表示，这种转变不仅是美国高校的问题，更关乎国家整体竞争力。

Look back to the early 2000s, and a global university ranking based on scientific output, such as published journal articles, would be very different. Seven American schools would be among the top 10, led by Harvard University at No. 1.

回望21世纪初，基于科研成果数量（如期刊论文发表文章）的全球大学排名格局截然不同。当时前十名中美国高校占据七席，哈佛大学高居榜首。

Only one Chinese school, Zhejiang University, would even make the top 25.

当时中国仅有一所大学——浙江大学——能跻身前25名。

Today, Zhejiang is ranked first on that list, the Leiden Rankings, from the Centre for Science and Technology Studies at Leiden University in the Netherlands. Seven other Chinese schools are in the top 10.

如今在荷兰莱顿大学科技研究中心的莱顿大学排名中，浙江大学已跃居首位，另有七所中国高校进入前十。

Harvard produces significantly more research now than it did two decades ago, but it has nonetheless fallen to third. And it is the only American university still near the top of the list. Harvard is still first in the Leiden rankings for highly-cited scientific publications.

哈佛现在的科研成果比20年前多得多，但仍滑落至第三位，而且它是唯一跻身榜单前列的美国高校。哈佛在莱顿大学的科技文献引用指标排名上依然高居全球首位。

cite /saɪt/ 1）表示“援引；传唤，传讯”，英文解释为“to officially name or mention someone or something in a law court, or to officially request someone to appear in a court of law”举个🌰：He has been cited as the co-respondent in the divorce case. 他作为这起离婚案的共同被告被传讯。

2）表示“举例，引证”，英文解释为“to mention something as proof for a theory or as a reason why something has happened”举个🌰：She cited three reasons why people get into debt. 她举出了人们为何负债的3个原因。

3）表示“引用，引述”，英文解释为“to speak or write words taken from a particular writer or written work”

Highly-cited意思是“被高度引用的”，特指在学术论文发表后，被其他研究人员在其著作中引用次数非常多、非常频繁。一篇论文被引用得越多，通常意味着它在所属研究领域内引起了更大的关注，被认为更具参考价值。

The issue at top American universities is not falling production.

美国顶尖大学面临的问题并非科研数量的下降。

Six prominent American schools that would have been in the top 10 in the first decade of the 2000s — the University of Michigan, the University of California, Los Angeles, Johns Hopkins, the University of Washington-Seattle, the University of Pennsylvania, and Stanford University — are producing more research than they did two decades ago, according to the Leiden tallies.

根据莱顿大学排名的数据，六所在21世纪前10年曾位列全球前十的知名美国学府——密歇根大学、加州大学洛杉矶分校、约翰斯·霍普金斯大学、华盛顿大学西雅图分校、宾夕法尼亚大学和斯坦福大学——如今的科研成果数量都比20年前多。

prominent /ˈprɒm.ɪ.nənt/ 1）表示“重要的；著名的；杰出的”，英文解释为“important or well known”举个🌰：He played a prominent part in the campaign. 他在这次运动中发挥了重要作用。

2）表示“突出的，显眼的”，英文解释为“Something that is in a prominent position can easily be seen.”举个🌰：New books are displayed in a prominent position on tables at the front of the store. 新书陈列在商店前面桌子上的一个显眼位置。

But production by the Chinese schools has risen far more.

但中国高校的科研成果数量增长幅度却要大得多。

According to Mark Neijssel, director of services for the Centre for Science and Technology Studies, the Leiden rankings take into account papers and citations contained in the Web of Science, a database set of academic publications which is owned by Clarivate, a data and analytics company. Thousands of academic journals are represented in the databases, many of which are highly specialized, he said.

莱顿大学科技研究中心服务部主任马克·奈杰塞尔指出，莱顿排名采用的论文及引文数据源自数据与分析公司科睿唯安公司旗下的科学引文索引数据库。该数据库收录了数千种学术期刊，其中许多属于高度专业化领域。

database /ˈdeɪ.tə.beɪs/ 表示“（计算机）资料库，数据库”，英文解释为“a large amount of information stored in a computer system in such a way that it can be easily looked at or changed”举个🌰：We're linked to the online database at our head office. 我们与总部的网上数据库联网。

Global university rankings generally have not attracted much popular attention in the United States. Even so, some experienced academics are seeing the growth in research production from China that the rankings reflect, and are warning that America is falling behind.

全球大学排名在美国向来未受大众广泛关注。即便如此，一些资深学者已注意到排名所反映的中国科研产出的快速增长，并警示美国正在落后。

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