美国撤销温室气体有害公共健康的裁定

近日，美国总统特朗普宣布，撤销美国环境保护署2009年的科学认定，即二氧化碳、甲烷等温室气体排放危害公众健康和福祉。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What can reasonably be inferred about the regulatory significance of the 2009 finding?

A. It applied exclusively to vehicle emissions standards

B. It provided a legal basis extending beyond a single industry

C. It was largely symbolic and rarely used in practice

D. It was designed as a temporary emergency measure

无注释原文：

Trump revokes landmark ruling that greenhouse gases endanger public health

From: BBC

US President Donald Trump has reversed a key Obama-era scientific ruling that underpins all federal actions on curbing planet-warming gases.

The so-called 2009 "endangerment finding" concluded that a range of greenhouse gases were a threat to public health. It's become the legal bedrock of federal efforts to rein in emissions, especially in vehicles.

The White House called the reversal the "largest deregulation in American history", saying it would make cars cheaper, bringing down costs for automakers by $2,400 per vehicle.

Environmental groups say the move is by far the most significant rollback on climate change yet attempted and are set to challenge it in the courts.

Speaking in the Oval Office on Thursday, Trump said the 2009 ruling was "a disastrous Obama era policy that severely damaged the American auto industry and massively drove up prices for American consumers".

"This radical rule became the legal foundation for the Green New Scam, one of the greatest scams in history," added the Republican president, about the Democrats' climate agenda.

Former President Barack Obama, who infrequently comments on the policies of sitting presidents, said that repealing the finding would make Americans more vulnerable.

"Without it, we'll be less safe, less healthy and less able to fight climate change — all so the fossil fuel industry can make even more money," he wrote on X.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) first took a stance on the impacts of greenhouse gases in 2009, in the first year of Obama's first term. The agency decided that six key planet-warming greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide and methane, were a danger to human health.

With a divided Congress unable to agree on legislation to tackle rising global temperatures, the EPA finding became central to federal efforts to rein in emissions in the years that followed.

"The endangerment finding has really served as the lynchpin of US regulation of greenhouse gases," said Meghan Greenfield, a former EPA and Department of Justice attorney.

"So that includes motor vehicles, but it also includes power plants, the oil and gas sector, methane from landfills, even aircraft. So it really runs the gamut, all of the standards for each of the sectors is premised on this one thing."

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Trump revokes landmark ruling that greenhouse gases endanger public health

From: BBC

US President Donald Trump has reversed a key Obama-era scientific ruling that underpins all federal actions on curbing planet-warming gases.

美国总统特朗普推翻了一项奥巴马执政时期的重要科学裁定，而这项裁定是所有联邦限制暖化气体行动的基础。

1）表示“失败；挫折”，英文解释为“a defeat or failure”举个🌰：They suffered a serious reverse. 他们遭受了一次重大的失败。也可以表示“相反的情况（或事物）；对立面”，英文解释为“the opposite of what has been suggested”

2）作动词，表示“（使）反向；（使）倒转；彻底改变；推翻”，英文解释为“to change the direction, order, position, result, etc. of something to its opposite”举个🌰：The new manager hoped to reverse the decline in the company's fortunes. 新经理希望能够扭转公司江河日下的状况。

underpin /ˌʌn.dəˈpɪn/ 表示“加强，巩固，构成（…的基础等）”，英文解释为“to support or form the basis of an argument, a claim, etc.”举个🌰：The report is underpinned by extensive research. 这份报告以广泛的研究为基础。

可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“控制，抑制，限定，约束（不好的事物）”，英文解释为“to control or limit sth, especially sth bad”举个🌰：A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation. 为了抑制通货膨胀实施了一系列的政策。（名词）He called for much stricter curbs on immigration. 他呼吁对移民实行更为严格的限制。

The so-called 2009 "endangerment finding" concluded that a range of greenhouse gases were a threat to public health. It's become the legal bedrock of federal efforts to rein in emissions, especially in vehicles.

这项2009年的“危害裁定”（endangerment finding）认定多种温室气体对公共健康构成威胁，并成为联邦政府遏制排放行动的法律基石，尤其是针对车辆排放。

bedrock /ˈbed.rɒk/ 表示“基础”，英文解释为“the main principles on which something is based”举个🌰：Some people believe that the family is the bedrock of society. 一些人认为家庭是社会的基础。

rein sth in = rein sth back 表示“抑制；控制；约束”，英文解释为“to control an emotion, activity, or situation to prevent it from becoming too powerful”举个🌰： We tried to rein in our excitement and curiosity. 我们尽力克制住兴奋和好奇。 Reports today suggest consumers are already reining back spending. 今天发表的调查报告显示，消费者已经开始控制花销。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述美国对抗华为的文章中提到：It also explains why it is going to such lengths, even using European-style industrial policy, to rein in Huawei, China's leading maker of telecoms equipment. 这也解释了美国何以要竭尽全力遏制中国的通信设备制造巨头华为，甚至为此采取欧洲式的产业政策。

The White House called the reversal the "largest deregulation in American history", saying it would make cars cheaper, bringing down costs for automakers by $2,400 per vehicle.

白宫称，此次撤销是“美国史上最大规模的放松管制”，表示此举将降低汽车成本，为汽车制造商节省每辆车2400美元。

deregulation /ˌdiː.reɡ.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ 表示“解除管制，放松管制”，英文解释为“the action of removing national or local government controls or rules from a business or other activity”如：the deregulation of the financial markets 放松对金融市场的管制。

Environmental groups say the move is by far the most significant rollback on climate change yet attempted and are set to challenge it in the courts.

环保团体则表示，这是迄今为止规模最大、影响最深的气候政策倒退行动，并准备在法院提出挑战。

rollback /ˈrəʊl.bæk/ 表示“效力消减，回退，倒退，（价格）回落，（程序）回滚（回之前的版本）”，英文解释为“the act of reducing or reversing (= changing to what it was before) the effect of a particular arrangement”举个🌰：They do not want to see any rollback of this agreement. 他们不想见到协议（条款）有任何改变。

Speaking in the Oval Office on Thursday, Trump said the 2009 ruling was "a disastrous Obama era policy that severely damaged the American auto industry and massively drove up prices for American consumers".

特朗普周四（2月13日）在白宫椭圆形办公室表示，2009年的裁定是“灾难性的奥巴马时代政策”，严重伤害美国汽车产业，并让美国消费者的成本大幅上升。

disastrous /dɪˈzɑː.strəs/ 表示“极其糟糕的；极为失败的；灾难性的”，英文解释为“extremely bad or unsuccessful”举个🌰：Such a war would be disastrous for the country. 这样一场战争会给国家带来灾难性的后果。

"This radical rule became the legal foundation for the Green New Scam, one of the greatest scams in history," added the Republican president, about the Democrats' climate agenda.

他还称该规则是民主党气候议程中“绿色新骗局”（Green New Scam）的一部分，是“史上最大的骗局之一”。

1）表示“激进的；过激的；极端的”，英文解释为“believing or expressing the belief that there should be great or extreme social or political change”举个🌰：He was known as a radical thinker. 他是个著名的激进思想家。

2）表示“根本的；彻底的，完全的”，英文解释为“relating to the most important parts of something or someone; complete or extreme”举个🌰：We need to make some radical changes to our operating procedures. 我们需要对操作规程进行一些根本性的变革。

Former President Barack Obama, who infrequently comments on the policies of sitting presidents, said that repealing the finding would make Americans more vulnerable.

前总统奥巴马罕见地针对此举表态，他表示撤销该裁定会让美国人遭受更大风险。

sitting /ˈsɪt.ɪŋ/ 作形容词，表示“（总统或议员）现任的，在任期内的；现有的，现存的，持续的”，英文解释为“A sitting president or member of parliament is a present one, not a future or past one.”如：a sitting Member of Parliament 现任议会议员。

作名词，表示“（宾馆的）用餐时间”，英文解释为“a period when a meal is served in a place like a hotel”举个🌰：When the hotel is full, dinner is served in two sittings. 宾馆客满时，用餐分两批进行。

📍at/in one sitting 表示“一口气地”，英文解释为“during one limited period of time, without stopping”举个🌰：I enjoyed the book so much that I read it all in one sitting. 我太喜欢这本书了，一口气就把它读完了。

"Without it, we'll be less safe, less healthy and less able to fight climate change — all so the fossil fuel industry can make even more money," he wrote on X.

“没有它，我们将更不安全、更不健康，也更难应对气候变迁。而这一切都是为了让化石燃料产业赚更多钱。”奥巴马在X上发文说。

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) first took a stance on the impacts of greenhouse gases in 2009, in the first year of Obama's first term. The agency decided that six key planet-warming greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide and methane, were a danger to human health.

美国环境保护署（EPA）在2009年奥巴马第一任期内首次针对温室气体影响采取行动，确定六种主要的暖化气体（包括二氧化碳与甲烷）对人类健康构成危害。

With a divided Congress unable to agree on legislation to tackle rising global temperatures, the EPA finding became central to federal efforts to rein in emissions in the years that followed.

当时国会因分歧无法通过针对气候变迁的立法，因此环境保护署的裁定成为之后多年联邦控管排放的核心工具。

legislation /ˌledʒ.ɪˈsleɪ.ʃən/ 表示“法律；立法”，英文解释为“a law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official by a parliament”举个🌰：The government has promised to introduce legislation to limit fuel emissions from cars. 政府许诺将通过立法来限制汽车尾气排放。

"The endangerment finding has really served as the lynchpin of US regulation of greenhouse gases," said Meghan Greenfield, a former EPA and Department of Justice attorney.

前环境保护署和司法部律师梅根·格林菲尔德（Meghan Greenfield）表示：“这项裁定一直是美国温室气体管制的关键核心。”

lynchpin /ˈlɪntʃ.pɪn/ 表示“核心，中枢，关键”，同linchpin.

"So that includes motor vehicles, but it also includes power plants, the oil and gas sector, methane from landfills, even aircraft. So it really runs the gamut, all of the standards for each of the sectors is premised on this one thing."

“这不仅涵盖了汽车，还包括发电厂、石油与天然气产业、垃圾掩埋场排放的甲烷，甚至是航空器。换句话说，相关规范几乎遍及所有领域，而每一个领域的标准，都是以同一项裁定为基础。”

gamut /ˈgæmət/ 表示“全范围；所有”，英文解释为“The gamut of something is the complete range of things of that kind, or a wide variety of things of that kind.”举个🌰： In her stories she expresses the whole gamut of emotions, from happiness to sorrow. 她的短篇小说呈现了喜怒哀乐等百感千情。

补充：

📍run the gamut of表示“囊括…的全部；历经（某领域）的全部事情；全盘展示”，英文解释为“To run the gamut of something means to include, express, or experience all the different things of that kind, or a wide variety of them.”举个🌰： The show runs the gamut of 20th century design. 此次展览囊括了20世纪的全部设计。

可以作动词也可以作名词，1）作动词，表示“假定…为先决条件，作为…的前提”，英文解释为“to base a theory, argument, etc. on an idea, thought, or belief”举个🌰：He premised his argument on several incorrect assumptions. 他把自己的论证建立在了几个错误的假设之上。

2）作名词，表示“前提；假定”，英文解释为“a statement or an idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument”如：the basic premise of her argument 她的论证的基本前提，a false premise 错误的前提。

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