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🤔️小作业：

1. Which of the following best represents the central claim advanced in the passage?

A. Academic achievement at age 15 determines lifelong economic success.

B. Early academic stress has measurable and lasting mental health consequences.

C. Schools have failed to provide adequate coping strategies for students.

D. Depression rates among adolescents have steadily increased since the 1990s.

无注释原文：

More exam stress at 15 linked to higher risk of depression as young adult – study

From: The Guardian

Exam stress at age 15 can increase the risk of depression and self-harm into early adulthood, research suggests.

Academic pressure is known to have a detrimental impact on mood and overall wellbeing, but until now few studies had examined the long-term effects on mental health.

Researchers at University College London examined data from nearly 5,000 young people born in 1991 and 1992 taking part in a wider ongoing study of children.

Academic pressure was assessed at the age of 15 through questionnaires on their school experiences, while mental health was tracked regularly from 16 to 22 and self-harm until they were 24.

The study, published in the Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, found that those 15-year-olds who worried most about their school work or felt the most pressure from their families to do well academically were more likely to report higher levels of depression or episodes of self-harm even into early adulthood.

They also found that for every extra point of academic pressure reported as 15-year-olds, the likelihood of depression and self-harm by the age of 16 was 25% and 8% higher respectively. This effect continued into their early 20s.

Higher rates of academic pressure at school were also associated with greater mental ill health, the authors calculated.

For every one-point increase in school stress, 24-year-olds were 16% more likely to say they had ever attempted suicide than those who experienced less academic pressure at 15.

The senior author Gemma Lewis, a professor of psychiatric epidemiology at UCL, said: “Young people report that academic pressure is one of their biggest sources of stress.

“A certain amount of pressure to succeed in school can be motivating, but too much pressure can be overwhelming and may be detrimental to mental health.”

The report says that instead of focusing on ways to help pupils cope, schools should adopt whole-school initiatives to reduce exam stress, such as “interventions that enhance social and emotional learning and relaxation skills”.

It suggests that reducing the number of high-stakes tests reduces academic stress, while families could “reduce academic pressure and encourage physical activity, socialising and sleep”.

The findings underline research by Young Minds last year that found nearly two-thirds of 15- to 18-year-olds said they struggled to cope in the run-up to GCSE and A-levels. A quarter reported panic attacks, two-fifths said their mental health worsened and one in eight self-harmed or felt suicidal.

Paul Noblet, the head of external affairs and research at Young Minds, said: “The evidence could not be clearer: academic pressures harm young people's mental health.

“The focus needs to shift from end-of-year exams and include a mix of assessment methods. How much longer must young people say they are struggling before truly meaningful changes are made?”

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译，仅供参考

含注释全文：

More exam stress at 15 linked to higher risk of depression as young adult – study

From: The Guardian

Exam stress at age 15 can increase the risk of depression and self-harm into early adulthood, research suggests.

研究显示，15岁时承受的考试压力，可能将抑郁及自残风险延续至成年早期。

Academic pressure is known to have a detrimental impact on mood and overall wellbeing, but until now few studies had examined the long-term effects on mental health.

学业压力对情绪及整体身心健康的不利影响早已为人所知，但此前针对其长期心理影响的研究并不多见。

detrimental /ˌdet.rɪˈmen.təl/ 表示“有危害的，有损害的”，英文解释为“causing harm or damage”举个🌰：These chemicals have a detrimental effect/impact on the environment. 这些化学品对环境有危害。

Researchers at University College London examined data from nearly 5,000 young people born in 1991 and 1992 taking part in a wider ongoing study of children.

伦敦大学学院的研究人员基于一项持续进行的儿童研究，对近5000名1991年至1992年出生者的数据进行了分析。

Academic pressure was assessed at the age of 15 through questionnaires on their school experiences, while mental health was tracked regularly from 16 to 22 and self-harm until they were 24.

研究在参与者15岁时通过学校经历问卷评估其学业压力，并在16至22岁期间定期追踪心理健康状况，自残行为则随访至24岁。

questionnaire /ˌkwes.tʃəˈneər/ 表示“问卷；情况调查表”，英文解释为“a list of questions that several people are asked so that information can be collected about something”

The study, published in the Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, found that those 15-year-olds who worried most about their school work or felt the most pressure from their families to do well academically were more likely to report higher levels of depression or episodes of self-harm even into early adulthood.

这项发表于《柳叶刀·儿童与青少年健康》的研究指出，15岁时对学业高度焦虑或感受到强烈家庭期望压力的青少年，即便进入成年早期，仍更易出现较严重的抑郁症状或自残行为。

在电视/电影节目中，episode /ˈep.ɪ.səʊd/ 表示“一集，一节，片断”（one of the single parts into which a story is divided, especially when it is broadcast on the television or radio），也可以指“事件；（相关的）一连串事件；一段经历”，英文解释为“a single event or group of related events”举个🌰：This latest episode in the fraud scandal has shocked a lot of people. 诈骗丑闻最新爆出的这一事件让很多人瞠目结舌。还可以指「疾病的发作，发病」，英文解释为：a finite period in which someone is affected by a specified illness.

补充：

📍第几集用的是Episode，第几季则为Season. 你下载美剧时可能就会看到S01E02，就是指的第1季第2集。最后一集 finale：the last part of a piece of music or of a show, event etc （演出的）终场，最后一幕；（音乐的）终曲；（事件等的）结尾。

🎬还有，看剧时新一集开头通常会有的一个说法：previously on ...，...的前情提要，前情回顾。

They also found that for every extra point of academic pressure reported as 15-year-olds, the likelihood of depression and self-harm by the age of 16 was 25% and 8% higher respectively. This effect continued into their early 20s.

研究还发现，15岁时学业压力每增加一个单位，至16岁时抑郁风险上升25%，自残风险上升8%，且这一关联持续至二十岁出头。

Higher rates of academic pressure at school were also associated with greater mental ill health, the authors calculated.

作者进一步分析指出，校内学业压力水平越高，与更严重心理健康问题之间的关联也越明显。

For every one-point increase in school stress, 24-year-olds were 16% more likely to say they had ever attempted suicide than those who experienced less academic pressure at 15.

数据显示，学业压力每增加一个单位，至24岁时自述曾尝试自杀的可能性较15岁时压力较低者高出16%。

The senior author Gemma Lewis, a professor of psychiatric epidemiology at UCL, said: “Young people report that academic pressure is one of their biggest sources of stress.

资深作者、伦敦大学学院精神病流行病学教授Gemma Lewis表示，学业压力是许多年轻人自述的主要压力来源之一。

psychiatric /ˌsaɪkɪˈætrɪk/ 表示“精神病（学）的”，英文解释为“of or relating to the study of mental illness”如：psychiatric treatment 精神病治疗。

📍epidemiological /ˌepɪˌdiːmiəˈlɑːdʒɪkl/ 形容词，表示“流行病学的”，如：epidemiological research 流行病学研究。

📍epidemiology 名词，英文解释为“the scientific study of the spread and control of diseases”

“A certain amount of pressure to succeed in school can be motivating, but too much pressure can be overwhelming and may be detrimental to mental health.”

“适度的学业压力或能起到激励作用，但过度负担则可能令人难以承受，并对心理健康产生不利影响。”

overwhelming /ˌəʊ.vəˈwel.mɪŋ/ 1）表示“难以抵挡的；无法抗拒的；强悍而令人难以应对的”，英文解释为“difficult to fight against”举个🌰：She felt an overwhelming urge/desire/need to tell someone about what had happened. 她感到有一种抑制不住的冲动/欲望/需要想告诉别人所发生的事情。

2）表示“巨大的，极大的；（数量上）压倒性的”，英文解释为“You can use overwhelming to emphasize that an amount or quantity is much greater than other amounts or quantities.”举个🌰：An overwhelming majority has voted in favour of the proposal. 绝大多数的人投票赞成该提议。

📍词根“whelm”表示“淹没”，前缀“over-”表示“过度”。近义词：staggering（惊人的），同根词：whelm（淹没），常用短语：feel overwhelmed by something（被某事压垮）

The report says that instead of focusing on ways to help pupils cope, schools should adopt whole-school initiatives to reduce exam stress, such as “interventions that enhance social and emotional learning and relaxation skills”.

报告指出，与其仅着眼于帮助学生自我调适，学校更应在全局层面采取措施主动降低考试压力，例如推行情绪与社会能力培养及放松技巧等干预方案。

intervention /ˌɪn.təˈven.ʃən/ 表示“干涉，介入；（由家庭成员、朋友或医护人员共同开会劝导有酗酒或毒瘾问题者接受现实并开始治疗的）干预活动”，英文解释为“Intervention is the act of intervening in a situation. A meeting at which someone with a drug or alcohol problem is asked by family members, friends, or health workers to accept the fact that they have a problem and is encouraged to get treatment”

It suggests that reducing the number of high-stakes tests reduces academic stress, while families could “reduce academic pressure and encourage physical activity, socialising and sleep”.

报告建议，减少高风险考试的数量有助缓解学业焦虑；同时，家庭也应降低对成绩的过度施压，鼓励运动、社交及充足睡眠。

high-stakes /ˌhaɪˈsteɪks/ 1）表示“下大赌注的”，英文解释为“involving the possible loss of a large amount of money”如：a high-stakes poker game 赌注巨大的扑克牌局。

2）表示“高风险的”，英文解释为“involving serious risks if there is no success”如：a high-stakes negotiation 风险极高的谈判。

3）表示“意义重大的”，英文解释为“A high-stakes test is one that is very important for the person who takes it.”

The findings underline research by Young Minds last year that found nearly two-thirds of 15- to 18-year-olds said they struggled to cope in the run-up to GCSE and A-levels. A quarter reported panic attacks, two-fifths said their mental health worsened and one in eight self-harmed or felt suicidal.

上述发现亦印证了Young Minds去年的研究结果：近三分之二的15至18岁青少年表示在GCSE和A-level考试前难以承受压力，其中四分之一出现惊恐发作，五分之二自述心理状况恶化，八分之一曾自残或产生自杀念头。

1）表示“助跑；助跑距离”，英文解释为“in some sports, a period or distance of running that you do in order to be going fast enough to perform a particular action”举个🌰：The longer and faster your run-up is, the higher you can jump. 你助跑的距离越长、速度越快，跳得就越高。

2）表示“（重大事情的）前奏，前期，准备阶段”，英文解释为“the final period of time before an important event”举个🌰：Everyone is very busy during the run-up to publication. 书出版前的最后准备阶段，每个人都在紧张地忙碌着。

Paul Noblet, the head of external affairs and research at Young Minds, said: “The evidence could not be clearer: academic pressures harm young people's mental health.

Young Minds对外事务及研究主管Paul Noblet表示，“证据已经十分明确：学业压力损害年轻人的心理健康。”

“The focus needs to shift from end-of-year exams and include a mix of assessment methods. How much longer must young people say they are struggling before truly meaningful changes are made?”

“应减少对年终考试的单一依赖，转向多元化评估方式，在真正落实有意义的改革之前，年轻人还要表达多少次挣扎与无助？”

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