国际油价大幅上涨

近日，受中东局势持续升级影响，国际油价大幅上涨。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What assumption underlies Amy Myers Jaffe's view that oil prices could decline again?

A. Global demand for oil is rapidly shrinking.

B. Financial markets tend to overreact to minor events.

C. Physical damage to major supply infrastructure determines sustained price shocks.

D. The United States will release strategic reserves.

无注释原文：

Oil Prices Jump 10% After Iran Attack, Pointing to Economic Risks

From: The New York Times

Oil prices rose 10 percent as markets opened on Sunday evening, underscoring the economic risks of the widening conflict in the Middle East.

The U.S.-Israeli attacks on Iran could severely restrict supplies from a key oil and gas-producing region. Even if the disruption is brief, it will almost certainly make energy more expensive worldwide. The magnitude of those price increases and how long they last will depend on what the United States and Israel do next — and how Iran responds.

International oil prices had already climbed about 20 percent this year, nearing $73 a barrel on Friday. On Sunday, they crossed $80 a barrel.

The longer that the war disrupts the energy trade, the bigger the risk that consumers will face higher prices, not just at the gas pump but in a broad array of products, at a time when many people are already worried about the economy. That could cause domestic political blowback for President Trump, whose approval ratings have tumbled in part because many Americans are concerned about inflation.

By Sunday, the flow of tankers carrying energy products through the Strait of Hormuz, a narrow waterway off Iran's southern coast, had slowed to a trickle. About one-fifth of the world's oil and a significant amount of natural gas usually pass through the choke point daily.

But in a crucial sign for oil markets, no major energy assets in the region appeared to have been struck as of late Sunday in Iran.

“The biggest question is what, if any, oil installations get damaged,” said Amy Myers Jaffe, director of the Energy, Climate Justice and Sustainability Lab at New York University. “If the answer to that is none, my opinion is the price of oil will come back down.”

The United States may be the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas, but that does not fully insulate it from market shocks since those commodities are traded globally.

This is the second time in two months that the United States has taken military action in an oil-rich country. Prices barely moved in January after American forces captured Nicolás Maduro, the president of Venezuela, partly because that country accounts for less than 1 percent of the world's oil supply.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Oil Prices Jump 10% After Iran Attack, Pointing to Economic Risks

From: The New York Times

Oil prices rose 10 percent as markets opened on Sunday evening, underscoring the economic risks of the widening conflict in the Middle East.

周日晚间市场开盘，油价暴涨10%，凸显出中东冲突扩大带来的经济风险。

underscore /ˌʌn.dəˈskɔːr/ 表示“突出显示；强调”，英文解释为“If something such as an action or an event underscores another, it draws attention to the other thing and emphasizes its importance.”举个🌰：The figures underscore the state of the economic recovery. 数据突出显示了经济复苏的状态。

🎬电影《笔下求生》（Stranger Than Fiction）中的台词提到：lts desperate attempts to escape... only underscore the hopelessness of its plight. 它绝望的挣扎 只能强调它无望的处境。

The U.S.-Israeli attacks on Iran could severely restrict supplies from a key oil and gas-producing region. Even if the disruption is brief, it will almost certainly make energy more expensive worldwide. The magnitude of those price increases and how long they last will depend on what the United States and Israel do next — and how Iran responds.

美以对伊朗发动的打击可能严重限制这一重要油气产区的供应。即便中断时间短暂，也几乎必然推高全球能源价格。涨幅大小与持续时长将取决于美以下一步行动以及伊朗如何回应。

magnitude /ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd/ 1）表示“（尺寸、规模、重要性等）大的程度；巨大；重大，重要性”，英文解释为“the large size or importance of something”举个🌰：They don't seem to grasp the magnitude of the problem. 他们似乎未领会问题的重要性。

2）表示“震级”（the size of an earthquake）

International oil prices had already climbed about 20 percent this year, nearing $73 a barrel on Friday. On Sunday, they crossed $80 a barrel.

今年以来，国际油价已累计上涨约20%，周五一度接近每桶73美元。周日，油价直接突破每桶80美元。

barrel /ˈbær.əl/ 作名词，除了表示“桶”，英文解释为“a large container, made of wood, metal, or plastic, with a flat top and bottom and curved sides that make it fatter in the middle”，还可以表示“枪管”，英文解释为“the long part of a gun that is shaped like a tube”

此处表示“桶（一桶石油相当于159升）”，英文解释为“In the oil industry, a barrel of oil is equal to 159 litres.”

作动词，表示“飞驰”，英文解释为“to travel somewhere very quickly”举个🌰：We were barrelling along the autobahn at 180 kph. 我们以每小时180公里的速度在高速路上飞驰。

The longer that the war disrupts the energy trade, the bigger the risk that consumers will face higher prices, not just at the gas pump but in a broad array of products, at a time when many people are already worried about the economy. That could cause domestic political blowback for President Trump, whose approval ratings have tumbled in part because many Americans are concerned about inflation.

战争对能源贸易的干扰持续越久，消费者面临的涨价风险就越大——不仅体现在加油站，还会传导到大量商品。而当前许多民众本就对经济感到担忧。这可能给特朗普总统带来国内政治上的不利，他的支持率近期下滑，部分原因正是不少美国人对通胀的担忧。

blowback /ˈbləʊ.bæk/ 表示“意料之外的不良效果（或结果、影响）”，英文解释为“negative reactions or results that were not intended, such as criticism, protest, or anger”

可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“跌倒；滚落；暴跌”，英文解释为“a sudden fall”举个🌰：The jockey took a nasty tumble at the third fence. 骑师在第三道栅栏处给重重摔下马来。Share prices took a sharp tumble following news of the merger. 合并消息传出，股价随即暴跌。（急剧下降）

🎬电影《指环王2：双塔奇兵》（The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers）中的台词提到：He took a little tumble off the cliff. 他掉下了悬崖。

inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/ 表示“通货膨胀”，英文解释为“a general, continuous increase in prices”如：high/low inflation 高/低通货膨胀。

📍这个词来自拉丁语“inflatio”，意味着“膨胀”。在经济学中，表示货币供应增加导致的商品和服务价格普遍上升。联想宫殿：在宫殿的一个房间，你看到一个图表显示价格上升，旁边是政府提高利率的决策，以控制“通货膨胀”。近义词：price rise（价格上升），同根词：inflate（膨胀），常用短语：combat inflation（抗击通货膨胀）

By Sunday, the flow of tankers carrying energy products through the Strait of Hormuz, a narrow waterway off Iran's southern coast, had slowed to a trickle. About one-fifth of the world's oil and a significant amount of natural gas usually pass through the choke point daily.

截至周日，途经伊朗南部沿海狭窄水道霍尔木兹海峡的能源运输已近乎停滞。全球约五分之一的石油和大量天然气，日常都要经过这一咽喉要道。

tanker /ˈtæŋ.kər/ 表示“运送大量液体或气体的轮船（或卡车）；油轮；罐车；油槽车”，英文解释为“a ship or vehicle that is built to carry liquid or gas”如：an oil tanker 油轮。

trickle /ˈtrɪk.əl/ 表示“三三两两，零星”，英文解释为“a very small number of people or things arriving or leaving somewhere”举个🌰：We usually only get a trickle of customers in the mornings. 早上我们店里通常只有零星的顾客。

But in a crucial sign for oil markets, no major energy assets in the region appeared to have been struck as of late Sunday in Iran.

但对石油市场而言，一个关键信号是：截至周日晚间，伊朗境内的主要能源设施暂未遭到袭击。

“The biggest question is what, if any, oil installations get damaged,” said Amy Myers Jaffe, director of the Energy, Climate Justice and Sustainability Lab at New York University. “If the answer to that is none, my opinion is the price of oil will come back down.”

“最大的问题是，石油设施如果受损，受损的是哪些，”纽约大学能源、气候正义与可持续发展实验室主任埃米·迈尔斯·贾菲表示，“如果答案是没有设施受损，那么我认为油价会回落。”

installation /ˌɪn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/ 表示“（尤指用于军事目的的）设施”，英文解释为“a place where there are buildings and equipment that have a particular, especially military, purpose”如：a nuclear installation 核设施。

The United States may be the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas, but that does not fully insulate it from market shocks since those commodities are traded globally.

美国虽是全球最大油气生产国，但也无法完全免受市场冲击，因为这些大宗商品是全球范围交易的。

insulate /ˈɪn.sjə.leɪt/ 1）表示“使隔绝，使隔离”，英文解释为“to protect someone or something from harmful experiences or influences”举个🌰：Children should be insulated from the horrors of war. 应该让孩子远离战争的恐怖。

2）表示“使隔热；使隔音；使绝缘”，英文解释为“to cover and surround something with a material or substance in order to stop heat, sound, or electricity from escaping or entering”举个🌰：You can insulate a house against heat loss by having the windows double-glazed. 你可以给窗户装上双层玻璃来防止热量散失。

commodity /kəˈmɒd.ə.ti/ 1）表示“商品，货物”，英文解释为“a substance or product that can be traded, bought, or sold”举个🌰：The country's most valuable commodities include tin and diamonds. 该国最有价值的商品包括锡和钻石。

2）表示“宝贵品质”，英文解释为“a valuable quality”举个🌰：If you're going into teaching, energy is a necessary commodity. 如果你要干教师这一行，必须要有充沛的精力。

This is the second time in two months that the United States has taken military action in an oil-rich country. Prices barely moved in January after American forces captured Nicolás Maduro, the president of Venezuela, partly because that country accounts for less than 1 percent of the world's oil supply.

这是两个月内美国第二次对石油资源丰富的国家采取军事行动。1月美军抓捕委内瑞拉总统马杜罗后，油价几乎没有波动，部分原因是该国石油供应量占全球不到1%。

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