建议短视频平台凌晨1点至5点“深夜静默”

两会期间，有人大代表建议，加强凌晨时段短视频平台管控，希望在每日凌晨1:00至5:00实施升级管理，引发热议。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What is the main implication of the study involving Douyin users?

A. Personalized video feeds may intensify neural responses associated with reward and dependency.

B. Watching any type of online video activates addiction-related brain regions equally.

C. Short-form videos are neurologically harmless compared with traditional media.

D. Brain scans prove that social media directly causes ADHD.

无注释原文：

Why Some Kids Seem Hooked on Social Video Feeds

From: The Wall Street Journal

Remember the good old days when kids just watched YouTube all day? Now that they binge on 15-second TikToks, those YouTube clips seem like PBS documentaries.

Many parents tell me their kids can't sit through feature-length films anymore because to them the movies feel painfully slow. Others have observed their kids struggling to focus on homework. And reading a book? Forget about it.

What is happening to kids' brains?

“It is hard to look at increasing trends in media consumption of all types, media multitasking and rates of ADHD in young people and not conclude that there is a decrease in their attention span,” said Carl Marci, a psychiatrist at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.

Links between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnoses and screen time are subject to debate, since many factors could account for a steady rise in cases. Yet even parents whose children don't qualify for that medical diagnosis say their kids are more distracted. Emerging research suggests that watching short, fast-paced videos makes it harder for kids to sustain activities that don't offer instant—and constant—gratification.

One of the few studies specifically examining TikTok-related effects on the brain focused on Douyin, the TikTok equivalent in China, made by the same Chinese parent company, ByteDance Ltd. It found that the personalized videos the app's recommendation engine shows users activate the reward centers of the brain, as compared with the general-interest videos shown to new users.

Brain scans of Chinese college students showed that areas involved in addiction were highly activated in those who watched personalized videos. It also found some people have trouble controlling when to stop watching.

“We speculate that individuals with lower self-control ability have more difficulty shifting attention away from favorite video stimulation,” the researchers at China's Zhejiang University wrote.

A Wall Street Journal investigation last year found that TikTok's algorithm figures out what users like based on the amount of time they watch each video, and then serves up more of the same. TikTok said it is now developing ways to diversify the videos its algorithm recommends to viewers.

A TikTok spokeswoman said the company wants younger teens to develop positive digital habits early on, and that it recently made some changes aimed at curbing extensive app usage. For example, TikTok won't allow users ages 13 to 15 to receive push notifications after 9 p.m. TikTok also periodically reminds users to take a break to go outside or grab a snack.

Kids have a hard time pulling away from videos on YouTube, too, and Google has made several changes to help limit its use, including turning off autoplay by default on accounts of people under 18.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为华尔街日报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Why Some Kids Seem Hooked on Social Video Feeds

From: The Wall Street Journal

Remember the good old days when kids just watched YouTube all day? Now that they binge on 15-second TikToks, those YouTube clips seem like PBS documentaries.

还记得过去，孩子们只看YouTube的“美好时光”吗？如今，他们沉迷于TikTok上15秒的短视频，那些YouTube视频在他们眼中仿佛变成了美国公共电视网（PBS）上的纪录片。

binge /bɪndʒ/可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“（尤指在饮食和花钱方面）无节制的狂热行为，狂欢，放纵，狂闹”，英文解释为“If you binge, you do too much of something, such as drinking alcohol, eating, or spending money.”如：a drinking/eating/spending binge 狂饮/暴食/滥花钱，举个🌰：He went on a five day drinking binge. 他连续5天狂饮。

📍binge drinking可以指“暴饮（酒），酗酒”（the activity of drinking too much alcohol on one occasion）。

📍binge watching可以理解为“无节制地狂看某部电视连续剧”或者说“追剧，刷剧”；binge-watch作动词，举个🌰：We binge-watched an entire season of Breaking Bad on Sunday. 我们星期天一口气看完了整季的《绝命毒师》。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述奈飞（Netflix）的文章中提到：Investors lap it up as hungrily as Netflix binge-watchers, who now number 193m worldwide. 投资者对奈飞的追捧一如从世界各地到它网上追剧的1.93亿人。

clip /klɪp/ 1）表示“（电影或电视节目的）剪辑，片段”，英文解释为“a short part of a film or television programme”举个🌰：I've seen a clip from the movie. 我看过这部电影的一个片断。

2）表示“夹子；别针；回形针”，英文解释为“a small object usually made of metal or plastic, used for fastening things together or holding them in position”如：a paper/hair/tie clip 回形针/发夹/领带夹。

Many parents tell me their kids can't sit through feature-length films anymore because to them the movies feel painfully slow. Others have observed their kids struggling to focus on homework. And reading a book? Forget about it.

许多父母告诉我，他们的孩子现在已经不能坐下来看完一部时长40分以上的电影了，因为对他们来说，这种电影的节奏太慢，他们觉得很煎熬。还有的父母注意到，他们的孩子难以专注地完成家庭作业。看书呢？更别提了。

feature-length /ˈfiː.tʃə.leŋθ/ 表示“（电影或电视剧）达到正片长度的，90分钟以上的”，英文解释为“A feature-length film or television play is 90 or more minutes long.”

feature 1）作名词，原意表示“特色；特征；特点，功能”，英文解释为“something important, interesting or typical of a place or thing”，此前在iOS 14来了!文中就出现了多次的feature，介绍iOS 14各种新功能，新特点，举个🌰：Which features do you look for when choosing a car? 你挑选轿车时要着重哪些特点？

2）feature = feature film表示“（电影）故事片，正片”，英文解释为“a film that is usually 90 or more minutes long”

3）feature作动词，表示“以…为特色；由…主演；以…为主要组成”，英文解释为“to include a particular person or thing as a special feature”，作动词往往可以理解为“有...”（功能/特色），举个🌰：Many of the hotels featured in the brochure offer special deals for weekend breaks. 小册子列举的多家旅馆都有周末假日特别优待。The film features Cary Grant as a professor. 这部电影由卡里·格兰特饰演一位教授。

📍在英文歌中会经常看到这种说法，xxxa feat. xxxb，此处feat.实际上就是feature的缩写，大概意思是歌曲中穿插另外一个人的演唱或表演，xxxa和xxxb共同演绎，合作演出。据百度百科，feat.的是后面这个歌手（或者组合）他在这首单曲里面或者这张专辑里面并不是主角，前面那个人才是这首歌的灵魂或者主人。

What is happening to kids' brains?

孩子们的大脑究竟怎么了？

“It is hard to look at increasing trends in media consumption of all types, media multitasking and rates of ADHD in young people and not conclude that there is a decrease in their attention span,” said Carl Marci, a psychiatrist at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.

波士顿麻省总医院（Massachusetts General Hospital）精神科医生卡尔·马尔奇（Carl Marci）说，“看到各种类型的媒介消费、媒体多任务处理以及年轻人注意力缺乏多动症（ADHD）发病率增长的趋势，你很难不得出这样的结论，即他们的注意力持续时长正在缩短。”

It is hard to look at increasing trends in media consumption of all types, media multitasking and rates of ADHD in young people and not conclude that there is a decrease in their attention span.

这个句子的核心逻辑可以简化为一个公式：It is hard to do A and not do B.（做A这件事，同时不做B，是困难的。）

此处：A = look at increasing trends... (看着这些上升的趋势)；B = conclude that... (得出……结论)。

字面意思： 看着这些趋势，却不得出结论，这是很难的。实际意思：只要你看了这些趋势，就必然会得出结论。

几个类似结构的简单例句：

- You can't watch that sad movie and not cry. 你看那部悲伤的电影，却不哭，这是不可能的。（任何人看那部电影都肯定会哭。）

- It is impossible to read her letter and not feel her pain. 读她的信，却不感受到她的痛苦，这是不可能的。（任何人读她的信都必然会感受到她的痛苦。）

- How can you see those starving children and not give them food? 你怎么能看见那些饥饿的孩子，却不给他们食物呢？（看见那些孩子，就应该给他们食物。）

psychiatrist /saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/表示“精神病医生”，英文解释为“A psychiatrist is a doctor who treats people suffering from mental illness.”

Links between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnoses and screen time are subject to debate, since many factors could account for a steady rise in cases. Yet even parents whose children don't qualify for that medical diagnosis say their kids are more distracted. Emerging research suggests that watching short, fast-paced videos makes it harder for kids to sustain activities that don't offer instant—and constant—gratification.

鉴于许多因素都可以造成ADHD确诊病例数稳步上升，因此ADHD与屏幕使用时间之间的关联仍有待讨论。然而，尽管一些孩子不符合ADHD的医学诊断标准，但他们的父母还是说，孩子们比以前更容易分心。新的研究表明，观看快节奏的短视频会让孩子们在面对那些无法即时、持续地带来满足感的活动时，很难坚持下来。

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder，缩写ADHD，表示“（尤指儿童的）注意力缺乏多动障碍”，英文解释为“a condition in which someone, especially a child, is often in a state of activity or excitement and unable to direct their attention towards what they are doing.”

📍注意缺陷与多动障碍，俗称多动症，指发生于儿童时期，与同龄儿童相比，以明显注意集中困难、注意持续时间短暂、活动过度或冲动为主要特征的一组综合征。

qualify /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.faɪ/ 1）表示“（使）具有资格，（使）合格”，英文解释为“to successfully finish a training course so that you are able to do a job; to have or achieve the necessary skills, etc.”举个🌰：She hopes to qualify (as a teacher) at the end of the year. 她希望在年底获得（教师）资格。

🎬电影《合伙人》（The Company Men）中的台词提到：只靠我的薪水我们不可能再成功申请房贷 We're not going to be able to qualify for another house on just my salary.

2）表示“达标；获得参赛资格”，英文解释为“to be of a high enough standard to enter a competition; to defeat another person or team in order to enter or continue in a competition”举个🌰：He failed to qualify. 他未能获得参赛资格。

distract /dɪˈstrækt/ 表示“使分心，使转移注意力，干扰”，英文解释为“to make someone stop giving their attention to something”举个🌰：Don't distract her (from her studies). 不要让她（在学习上）分心。

sustain /səˈsteɪn/ 1）表示“保持，维持，使持续，使继续”，英文解释为“to cause or allow something to continue for a period of time”举个🌰：The economy looks set to sustain its growth into next year. 看来经济的增长会持续到明年。

2）表示“经历，遭受（尤指破坏或损失）”，英文解释为“to suffer or experience, especially damage or loss”举个🌰：She sustained multiple injuries in the accident. 她在这次事故中多处受伤。

gratification /ˌɡræt.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“满足；满意；快感；令人喜悦的事物”，英文解释为“the state of feeling pleasure when sth goes well for you or when your desires are satisfied; sth that gives you pleasure”

One of the few studies specifically examining TikTok-related effects on the brain focused on Douyin, the TikTok equivalent in China, made by the same Chinese parent company, ByteDance Ltd. It found that the personalized videos the app's recommendation engine shows users activate the reward centers of the brain, as compared with the general-interest videos shown to new users.

在为数不多专门分析TikTok对大脑影响的研究中，有一项以抖音（Douyin）为研究重点。抖音相当于中国版的TikTok，二者由同一家中国母公司字节跳动（ByteDance Ltd.）开发。该研究发现，比起向新用户展示的大众化热门视频，抖音的推荐引擎向用户推送的个性化视频会激活大脑里的奖赏通路。

equivalent /ɪˈkwɪv.əl.ənt/ 1）作形容词，表示“（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的”，英文解释为“equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.”举个🌰：Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles. 八公里约等于五英里。

2）作名词，表示“相等的东西；等量；对应词”，英文解释为“a thing, amount, word, etc. that is equivalent to sth else”

Brain scans of Chinese college students showed that areas involved in addiction were highly activated in those who watched personalized videos. It also found some people have trouble controlling when to stop watching.

一些中国高校学生的脑部扫描图像显示，对于观看个性化视频的受试者，其大脑中与成瘾相关的区域表现得极其活跃。研究还发现，有些人很难控制观看时间，一旦开始，便很难停下来。

“We speculate that individuals with lower self-control ability have more difficulty shifting attention away from favorite video stimulation,” the researchers at China's Zhejiang University wrote.

中国浙江大学的研究人员写道，我们推测，面对自己喜欢的视频内容，“自控能力越差，上瘾程度越高。”

speculate /ˈspek.jə.leɪt/ 表示“推测；猜测；推断”，英文解释为“to form an opinion about sth without knowing all the details or facts”举个🌰：We all speculated about the reasons for her resignation. 我们大家都推测过她辞职的原因。

📺美剧《24小时》（24 Hours）中的台词提到：I wouldn't want to speculate at this time, 这次我不想妄加揣测。

表示“刺激；激励；兴奋作用”，英文解释为“an action or thing that causes someone or something to become more active or enthusiastic, or to develop or operate”

A Wall Street Journal investigation last year found that TikTok's algorithm figures out what users like based on the amount of time they watch each video, and then serves up more of the same. TikTok said it is now developing ways to diversify the videos its algorithm recommends to viewers.

《华尔街日报》（Wall Street Journal）去年的一项调查发现，TikTok的算法会根据用户观看每段视频的时长来判断用户喜好，然后加大同类视频的推送。TikTok表示，它正在想办法让算法推荐给用户的视频内容更加多样化。

algorithm /ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm/ 表示“算法；计算程序”，英文解释为“a set of rules that must be followed when solving a particular problem”

diversify /daɪˈvɜː.sɪ.faɪ/ 作动词，1）表示“多样化；差异化”，英文解释为“to start to include more different types or things”举个🌰：Millions of years ago, changes in the earth's climate caused animal and plant life to diversify. 数百万年前，地球气候的变化导致了动植物的多样化。

2）表示“（使）多元化经营，（使）从事多种经营”，英文解释为“If a business diversifies, it starts making new products or offering new services.”举个🌰：Many wheat farmers have begun to diversify into other forms of agriculture. 很多麦农已经开始采用其他农业种植模式。

A TikTok spokeswoman said the company wants younger teens to develop positive digital habits early on, and that it recently made some changes aimed at curbing extensive app usage. For example, TikTok won't allow users ages 13 to 15 to receive push notifications after 9 p.m. TikTok also periodically reminds users to take a break to go outside or grab a snack.

一位TikTok发言人说，公司想让低龄青少年在早期就养成积极的数字生活习惯，最近TikTok已做出一些改变，旨在限制这款应用程序被过度使用。例如，它不会在晚上9点后向13至15岁用户推送通知。它还会定期提醒用户注意休息，出门走走或是吃点零食。

可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“控制，抑制，限定，约束（不好的事物）”，英文解释为“to control or limit sth, especially sth bad”举个🌰：A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation. 为了抑制通货膨胀实施了一系列的政策。（名词）He called for much stricter curbs on immigration. 他呼吁对移民实行更为严格的限制。

notification /ˌnəʊ.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“通知（书）；通告；告示”，英文解释为“the act of telling someone officially about something, or a document, etc. that does this”举个🌰：You must give the bank (a) written notification if you wish to close your account. 如果你想撤消账户，必须向银行出具一份书面通知。

2）表示“（提醒社交媒体账号上有更新的）通知信息”，英文解释为“a message that is automatically sent to you on your mobile phone or computer”

periodically /ˌpɪə.riˈɒd.ɪ.kəl.i/ 表示“周期性地，定期地”，英文解释为“in a way that is repeated after a particular period of time”举个🌰：The equipment should be tested periodically. 设备应定期检测。

Kids have a hard time pulling away from videos on YouTube, too, and Google has made several changes to help limit its use, including turning off autoplay by default on accounts of people under 18.

看YouTube上的视频时，儿童其实也很难从中抽身，因此，其母公司谷歌（Google）已做出调整来限制YouTube的使用，包括针对18岁以下用户默认关闭自动播放功能。

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