油价飙升

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🤔️小作业：

1. What is the primary purpose of the article?

A. To provide a historical analysis of oil price fluctuations since 2022.

B. To explain the direct impact of geopolitical conflicts on global oil supply.

C. To explore the potential consequences of rising oil prices on airline ticket costs for travelers.

D. To advocate for airlines to adopt hedging strategies to mitigate fuel price risks.

无注释原文：

How Will Rising Oil Prices Affect Airfares? Here's What to Know.

From: The New York Times

The spike in oil prices precipitated by the American and Israeli attack on Iran is rippling throughout global economies. On Monday, the price of oil rose to nearly $120 a barrel, before settling back down to around $90 after President Trump suggested the war could be over soon. Oil was about $70 a barrel before the conflict began on Feb. 28. Jet fuel rose more than 58 percent as of March 6 compared to the week before, according to the International Air Transport Association.

Market volatility only adds to the confusion around flight prices. But the last time oil rose more than 40 percent — in 2022, on the heels of Russia's invasion of Ukraine — airfares jumped 28 percent.

So far, no American carrier has announced price hikes. But they are beginning to trickle in elsewhere: Air New Zealand and SAS, for instance, are among the international airlines that have recently announced fare increases tied to the rising price of jet fuel.

For airlines today, the cost of flying has sharply increased, but will they pass those costs on to consumers and, if so, how? We asked experts to weigh in on the potential effects travelers may feel.

How will higher oil prices affect the cost of a ticket?

Fuel is the second-largest expense, after labor, for an airline. In the United States, most carriers stopped the practice of hedging against oil spikes long ago, leaving them vulnerable to market fluctuations.

Asked last week at an academic event about rising airfares linked to surging oil prices, United Airlines' chief executive, Scott Kirby, said the effect of higher fuel costs on airfares would “probably start quick.” (Asked for comment, a representative for United said it had “nothing additional to add.”)

“The second he said it, that gave airlines permission to increase fares,” said Henry H. Harteveldt, the president of Atmosphere Research Group, a travel research and advisory firm based in San Francisco.

But how — and how much — costs may rise is unclear. Mr. Harteveldt noted that airlines have many ways to recoup ballooning fuel expenses beyond a blanket increase, including charging more for tickets in business and first class, where the pinch may sting less; raising fees for ancillary services like checking bags or assigning seats; eliminating or reducing the number of seats sold for the lowest fares on certain routes; consolidating departures; or increasing fuel surcharges on international flights.

“All of these are ways airlines can push travelers into paying more for flights,” he said.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

How Will Rising Oil Prices Affect Airfares? Here's What to Know.

From: The New York Times

The spike in oil prices precipitated by the American and Israeli attack on Iran is rippling throughout global economies. On Monday, the price of oil rose to nearly $120 a barrel, before settling back down to around $90 after President Trump suggested the war could be over soon. Oil was about $70 a barrel before the conflict began on Feb. 28. Jet fuel rose more than 58 percent as of March 6 compared to the week before, according to the International Air Transport Association.

美以袭击伊朗引发的油价飙升正在全球经济中传导蔓延。周一，油价一度逼近每桶120美元，随后在特朗普总统表示战争可能很快结束后回落至90美元左右。2月28日冲突爆发前，油价约为每桶70美元。国际航空运输协会数据显示，截至3月6日，航空燃油价格较前一周上涨超过58%。

spike /spaɪk/ 在年度词汇盘点文章中基本都会出现这个词，1）作名词，可以理解为“峰值”或者“激增；猛增；急升”，英文解释为“a sharp increase in the magnitude or concentration of something”如：a spike in oil prices 油价的急剧上涨。

2）也可以作动词，同样表示“激增”，英文解释为“if the number or rate of something spikes, it increases quickly and by a large amount ”举个🌰：New orders have spiked in the last two years. 新订单在过去两年里激增。

3）作名词，表示“尖头，尖刺；（尤指金属的）尖状物”，英文解释为“a narrow, thin shape with a sharp point at one end, or something, especially a piece of metal, with this shape”

4）spikes表示“（某些运动鞋上的）防滑鞋钉；钉鞋”，英文解释为“a set of short, pointed pieces of metal or plastic, attached to the bottom of shoes worn for particular sports, that stop the person wearing the shoes from sliding on the ground, or shoes with these pointed pieces”

作动词，spike /spaɪk/ 表示“（排球运动中）扣（球）”，英文解释为“in the sport of volleyball, to hit the ball so that it goes almost straight down on the other side of the net”

precipitate /prɪˈsɪp.ɪ.teɪt/ 表示“促成；使突如其来地发生；加速…的发生”，英文解释为“to make something happen suddenly or sooner than expected”举个🌰：Fear of losing her job precipitated (= suddenly forced) her into action. 对丢掉工作的恐惧促使她立即行动起来。

1）表示“涟漪；微波；细浪”，英文解释为“a small wave on the surface of water”举个🌰：The stone she threw caused ripples to spread across the lake. 她扔了一块石头，湖面泛起阵阵涟漪。

2）表示“（声音的）传播起伏；（感情的）逐渐扩散”，英文解释为“a sound or feeling that spreads through a person or group of people, gradually increasing and then becoming smaller”如：A ripple of laughter/applause 一阵阵笑声/掌声。

补充：

📍ripple effect表示“连锁反应”，英文解释为“a situation in which one event produces effects which spread and produce further effects”举个🌰：The bank crash has had a ripple effect on the whole community. 银行的破产在整个社区引起了连锁反应。

barrel /ˈbær.əl/ 作名词，除了表示“桶”，英文解释为“a large container, made of wood, metal, or plastic, with a flat top and bottom and curved sides that make it fatter in the middle”，还可以表示“枪管”，英文解释为“the long part of a gun that is shaped like a tube”

作动词，表示“飞驰”，英文解释为“to travel somewhere very quickly”举个🌰：We were barrelling along the autobahn at 180 kph. 我们以每小时180公里的速度在高速路上飞驰。

Market volatility only adds to the confusion around flight prices. But the last time oil rose more than 40 percent — in 2022, on the heels of Russia's invasion of Ukraine — airfares jumped 28 percent.

市场波动只会让机票价格更加混乱。而上一次油价涨幅超40%是在2022年俄罗斯入侵乌克兰之后，当时机票价格随之大涨28%。

volatility /ˌvɒl.əˈtɪl.ə.ti/ 表示“挥发性；波动性；（突然）恶化；易变，活泼”，英文解释为“the quality of changing easily into a gas; the quality or state of being likely to change suddenly, especially by becoming worse”

come/follow hard/hot on the heels of something表示“…之后紧跟着发生，紧随…而来”，英文解释为“to happen very soon after something”举个🌰：For Walter, disaster followed hard on the heels of his initial success. 对沃尔特来说，最初的成功之后紧接着就是惨败。

So far, no American carrier has announced price hikes. But they are beginning to trickle in elsewhere: Air New Zealand and SAS, for instance, are among the international airlines that have recently announced fare increases tied to the rising price of jet fuel.

到目前为止，美国尚无航空公司宣布涨价，但其他地区已开始陆续提价：例如，新西兰航空和北欧航空等国际航司近期已宣布因航空燃油价格上涨上调票价。

carrier /ˈkær.i.ər/ 表示“航空公司”，英文解释为“a company that operates aircraft”

trickle /ˈtrɪk.əl/ 表示“三三两两，零星”，英文解释为“a very small number of people or things arriving or leaving somewhere”举个🌰：We usually only get a trickle of customers in the mornings. 早上我们店里通常只有零星的顾客。

For airlines today, the cost of flying has sharply increased, but will they pass those costs on to consumers and, if so, how? We asked experts to weigh in on the potential effects travelers may feel.

如今，对航空公司而言，飞行成本已大幅上升，但它们会将这些成本转嫁给乘客吗？如果会，又会以何种方式？我们请教了专家，分析旅客可能感受到的潜在影响。

此前在“我不能呼吸了”美国警察暴力执法致黑人死亡文中出现过，表示“（在讨论、辩论等中）发表有分量的意见，发挥作用”，英文解释为“to join in a discussion, an argument, an activity, etc. by saying sth important, persuading sb, or doing sth to help”举个🌰：We all weighed in with our suggestions. 我们都提出了建议。

📺美剧《生活大爆炸》（The Big Bang Theory）第6季第5集中谢尔顿就说到：Care to weigh in? 可以理解为想参与讨论，想说点什么吗（To put your opinion into a matter or situation），字幕组将其解释为：有何高见？

📺还是《生活大爆炸》第7季第9集中提到：Can I weigh in here? 所以我能插一句吗?

📺还有如第7季第21集中也提到了：And yet you get to weigh in. 可是你还有话语权啊。

How will higher oil prices affect the cost of a ticket?

油价上涨将如何影响机票价格？

Fuel is the second-largest expense, after labor, for an airline. In the United States, most carriers stopped the practice of hedging against oil spikes long ago, leaving them vulnerable to market fluctuations.

燃油是航空公司仅次于人力成本的第二大支出。在美国，多数航司早已停止对油价上涨进行对冲操作，这使其更容易受到市场波动影响。

1）表示“树篱”，英文解释为“a row of bushes or small trees planted close together, usually along the edge of a field, garden/yard or road”，也可以表示“保护（或控制、限制）手段”，英文解释为“a way of protecting, controlling, or limiting something”

2）作动词，hedge against表示“防备（尤指金钱损失）；采取保护措施（尤指为避免损失金钱）”，英文解释为“to do sth to protect yourself against problems, especially against losing money”，如：a way of hedging against currency risks 避免货币风险的保值措施，举个🌰： You can hedge against illness with insurance. 你可以买保险以备治疗患病之需。

📍hedge fund 表示“对冲基金”（A hedge fund is an investment fund that invests large amounts of money using methods that involve a lot of risk.）

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述石油价格战的文章中提到：It will not collapse; many shale firms are hedged against falling prices this year. 页岩油产业不会崩溃，许多页岩油公司都对今年的油价下跌做了对冲。

fluctuation /ˌflʌk.tʃuˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“波动，涨落，起伏不定”，英文解释为“a change, or the process of changing, especially continuously between one level or thing and another”如：fluctuations in share prices / the exchange rate / temperature 股价 / 汇率 / 温度的波动。

Asked last week at an academic event about rising airfares linked to surging oil prices, United Airlines' chief executive, Scott Kirby, said the effect of higher fuel costs on airfares would “probably start quick.” (Asked for comment, a representative for United said it had “nothing additional to add.”)

上周在一场学术活动中，美联航首席执行官斯科特·柯比被问及与油价飙升相关的机票涨价问题时表示，燃油成本上涨对机票价格的影响“可能很快就会开始显现”。（美联航发言人在被要求置评时表示“没有更多补充”。）

“The second he said it, that gave airlines permission to increase fares,” said Henry H. Harteveldt, the president of Atmosphere Research Group, a travel research and advisory firm based in San Francisco.

“他这话一出口，就等于给所有航空公司开了涨价的绿灯，”旧金山旅行研究咨询公司大气研究集团总裁亨利·哈特维尔特说。

fare /feər/ 1）表示“出租车乘客”，英文解释为“someone who pays to be driven somewhere in a taxi”

2）表示“车费；车票价”，英文解释为“the money that you pay for a journey in a vehicle such as a bus or train”举个🌰：Train fares are going up again. 火车票又涨价了。

3）表示“（餐馆的）饭菜”，英文解释为“the type of food that is served in a restaurant”

4）熟词僻义，表示“常见的东西；供大众使用的东西（尤指娱乐活动）”，英文解释为“material provided for use, consumption, or enjoyment”

advisory /ədˈvaɪ.zər.i/ 表示“给予意见的”，英文解释为“giving advice”举个🌰：She is employed by the president in an advisory capacity. 她被总裁聘为顾问。

作名词，表示“报告；公告；警告”，英文解释为“an official announcement that contains advice, information, or a warning”如：weather/travel advisories 天气报告/旅游公告。

But how — and how much — costs may rise is unclear. Mr. Harteveldt noted that airlines have many ways to recoup ballooning fuel expenses beyond a blanket increase, including charging more for tickets in business and first class, where the pinch may sting less; raising fees for ancillary services like checking bags or assigning seats; eliminating or reducing the number of seats sold for the lowest fares on certain routes; consolidating departures; or increasing fuel surcharges on international flights.

但成本会以何种方式上涨、上涨多少，目前仍不明确。哈特维尔特指出，除全面涨价外，航空公司还有多种方式弥补不断攀升的燃油成本，包括提高价格敏感度较低的商务舱、头等舱票价；提高托运行李、选座等附加服务费用；取消或减少部分航线的最低价座位；合并航班；提高国际航班燃油附加费。

recoup /rɪˈkuːp/ 表示“补偿；弥补；收回（成本）”，英文解释为“to get back money that you have spent or lost”举个🌰：It takes a while to recoup the initial costs of starting up a business. 要收回开创新公司投入的先期成本需要一段时间。

balloon /bəˈluːn/ 作名词，表示“气球”，作动词，熟词僻义，表示“（在大小、重量或重要性上）激增”，英文解释为“to quickly increase in size, weight, or importance”举个🌰：The rumours soon ballooned into a full-blown scandal. 这些传闻不久就完全演变成了一起丑闻。

pinch /pɪntʃ/ 作名词，表示“（一）撮；少量”，英文解释为“a small amount of something, such as a powder, especially the amount that a person can hold between their first finger and thumb”举个🌰：While the tomatoes are cooking add a pinch of salt/sugar/dried thyme. 烧西红柿时加一小撮盐/糖/干百里香。

pinch /pɪntʃ/ 作动词，表示“捏，拧，掐，夹”，英文解释为“to press something, especially someone's skin, strongly between two hard things such as a finger and a thumb, usually causing pain”举个🌰：Ouch! Stop pinching (me)! 哎哟，别掐我！

pinch作名词，在非正式用法中可表示“（经济上的）紧缩、压力”，英文可理解为 financial hardship or pressure caused by lack of money or increased costs。常出现在feel the pinch这个短语中，意思是“感到手头拮据/感受到经济压力”。

sting /stɪŋ/ 表示“（眼睛、皮肤等的）灼痛，刺痛；蜇”，英文解释为“a sudden burning pain in your eyes, on your skin, etc., or the ability to cause such pain”举个🌰：She had several bee stings. 她被蜜蜂蜇了几下。

2）表示“痛苦；刺痛，刺伤；刺激”，英文解释为“the feeling of being upset by something”如：the sting of defeat 失败的痛苦。

ancillary /ænˈsɪl.ər.i/ 表示“辅助的，补充的；附属的，附加的”，英文解释为“providing support or help”如：ancillary staff/workers 勤杂人员/工人，an ancillary role 配角。

“All of these are ways airlines can push travelers into paying more for flights,” he said.

“所有这些方式都可以让旅客为航班支付更多费用，”他说。

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