国际奥委会禁止跨性别运动员参加女子赛事

近日，国际奥委会发布了一项新政策，规定奥运会及国际奥委会旗下任何赛事的女子组参赛资格，将严格限定于“生理女性”。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What can be inferred from Payoshni Mitra's criticism of the IOC policy?

A. She believes the policy will effectively ensure fair competition in women's sports.

B. She is concerned that the policy's wording could have negative social consequences for athletes.

C. She argues that genetic testing is an unreliable method for determining athletic eligibility.

D. She fully supports the scientific basis upon which the policy claims to be founded.

无注释原文：

Olympic Committee Bars Transgender Athletes From Women's Events

From: The New York Times

The International Olympic Committee has barred transgender athletes from competing in the women's category of the Olympics and said that all participants in those events must undergo genetic testing.

The decision, the most consequential since Kirsty Coventry was elected last year as the first woman to serve as president of the I.O.C., followed a board meeting and months of speculation over the organization's policy on one of the most contentious issues facing global sports. The rules will be applicable starting at the next Olympics, in Los Angeles in 2028.

Under the new policy eligibility will be determined by a one-time gene test, according to the I.O.C. The test, which is already being used in track and field, requires screening via saliva, a cheek swab or a blood sample.

When Ms. Coventry, a former Olympic champion swimmer from Zimbabwe, campaigned to lead the organization, she frequently said how important it was to protect the women's category amid broader — and often bitter — debates about the participation of transgender athletes in sporting competitions.

“At the Olympic Games, even the smallest margins can be the difference between victory and defeat,” Ms. Coventry said in a statement announcing the news. “So, it is absolutely clear that it would not be fair for biological males to compete in the female category. In addition, in some sports it would simply not be safe.”

She added the new policy “is based on science and has been led by medical experts.” The ruling has no bearing on recreational sports, while athletes self-identifying as transgender men are not barred from competing in women's event.

Payoshni Mitra, executive director at Humans of Sport, a group that has focused on the issue, was critical of the new Olympic policy. “This kind of brutal language doesn't protect sports — it polices women's bodies,” she said in a statement to The New York Times. “It fuels suspicion, invites public scrutiny and puts already vulnerable athletes at risk.”

The I.O.C. said it had consulted a number of experts, whom it did not identify, as it grappled with how to handle an issue that was becoming a growing concern for sports leaders. Late last year, Dr. Jane Thornton, the I.O.C.'s medical and scientific director and a former Olympic rower for Canada, presented the initial findings of a review that started in 2024 of athletes who are transgender or have differences of sexual development, known as DSD, and are competing in women's sports. That analysis, which was not made public, stated that athletes born with male sexual markers retained physical advantages, including among those that had received treatment to reduce testosterone. That perspective, though, remains contested.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Olympic Committee Bars Transgender Athletes From Women's Events

From: The New York Times

The International Olympic Committee has barred transgender athletes from competing in the women's category of the Olympics and said that all participants in those events must undergo genetic testing.

国际奥委会已禁止跨性别运动员参加奥运会女子项目，并表示所有参加此类项目的选手都必须接受基因检测。

作名词，表示“条状物”，英文解释为“a substance that has been made into a solid rectangular shape”如：a bar of soap 一块肥皂，a chocolate bar 一条巧克力棒。

作动词，表示“禁止，阻止”，英文解释为“If someone is barred from a place or from doing something, they are officially forbidden to go there or to do it.”举个🌰：The players are barred from drinking alcohol the night before a match. 运动员在参赛前夜不得喝酒。

🎬电影《逆转王牌》（Runner Runner）中的台词提到：He said I'd be barred from re-entering the country.他说我下次回国时会被禁止入境。

📍set the bar high/low = put the bar high/low 表示设定高/低标准、高/低要求（to set a high/low standard for something）

undergo /ˌʌn.dəˈɡəʊ/ 表示“经历，经受（令人不快的事或变化） ”，英文解释为“to experience something that is unpleasant or something that involves a change”举个🌰：Playing board games is undergoing a revival in popularity. 棋盘游戏正经历着一场复兴。

🎬电影《白日梦想家》（The Secret Life of Walter Mitty）中的台词提到：But as we undergo this transition to LIFE online... we wanted to be candid with you... 但由于我们处于"生活"杂志网络化的过渡期...所以我们想明白告诉你们...

genetic /dʒəˈnet.ɪk/ 表示“基因的；遗传信息的”，英文解释为“belonging or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) received by each animal or plant from its parents”如：a genetic defect/disease 基因缺陷/遗传性疾病。

The decision, the most consequential since Kirsty Coventry was elected last year as the first woman to serve as president of the I.O.C., followed a board meeting and months of speculation over the organization's policy on one of the most contentious issues facing global sports. The rules will be applicable starting at the next Olympics, in Los Angeles in 2028.

这一决定是自去年柯丝蒂·考文垂当选为国际奥委会首位女性主席以来最具影响力的举措。该决定是在一次执委会会议后做出的，此前数月，外界一直在猜测该组织将如何应对这一全球体育领域最具争议的问题之一。新规将从2028年洛杉矶奥运会开始实施。

1）consequential常见含义同consequent一样，表示“间接的；随之发生的；结果的，作为直接结果的”如：redundancy and the consequential loss of earnings 裁员以及随之而来的收入损失。

2）用来替换我们经常用的词important, significant等表示“重要的，意义重大的”如：意义重大的决定 a consequential decision.

speculation /ˌspek.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“推测；猜测；推断”，英文解释为“the act of forming opinions about what has happened or what might happen without knowing all the facts”举个🌰：There was widespread speculation that she was going to resign. 人们纷纷推测她将辞职。

2）表示“投机，投机买卖”，英文解释为“the act of speculating in order to make a profit”

contentious /kənˈtɛnʃəs/ 表示“引起争议的”，英文解释为“A contentious issue causes a lot of disagreement or arguments.”举个🌰：Sanctions are expected to be among the most contentious issues. 制裁预计位居最具有争议的问题之列。

Under the new policy eligibility will be determined by a one-time gene test, according to the I.O.C. The test, which is already being used in track and field, requires screening via saliva, a cheek swab or a blood sample.

根据国际奥委会的新政策，参赛资格将通过一次性的基因检测来确定。该检测已在田径项目中使用，可通过唾液、口腔拭子或血液样本进行筛查。

eligibility /ˌel.ɪ.dʒəˈbɪl.ə.ti/ 表示“适任，合格；被选举资格；具备条件”，英文解释为“the fact of having the necessary qualities or satisfying the necessary conditions”

🎬电影《追梦赤子心》（Rudy）中的台词提到：I've blown another year of eligibility. 我又失去了一年参赛的资格。

track and field /ˌtræk ən ˈfiːld/ 表示“田径运动”，英文解释为“the general name for a particular group of sports in which people compete, including running, jumping, and throwing”举个🌰：The team had no chance of striking gold in track and field. 这支队伍中无人有机会在田径赛场上拿金牌。

对比：

📍athletics /æθˈlet̬.ɪks/ 表示“田径运动”，英文解释为“the general name for a particular group of sports in which people compete, including running, jumping, and throwing”如：an athletics team/club/meeting 田径队/俱乐部/运动会。

saliva /səˈlaɪvə/ 表示“唾液”，英文解释为“Saliva is the watery liquid that forms in your mouth and helps you to chew and digest food.”

swab /swɒb/ 作名词，表示“（医用的）拭子，药签”，英文解释为“a piece of soft material used by a doctor, nurse, etc. for cleaning wounds or taking a sample from sb's body for testing”

作动词，表示“用棉花棒清理（伤口）；用药签取下（化验标本）”，英文解释为“to clean a cut or take a small amount of substance from a body using a small piece of soft material”。

When Ms. Coventry, a former Olympic champion swimmer from Zimbabwe, campaigned to lead the organization, she frequently said how important it was to protect the women's category amid broader — and often bitter — debates about the participation of transgender athletes in sporting competitions.

来自津巴布韦的前奥运游泳冠军考文垂在竞选该组织领导职务时曾多次强调，在围绕跨性别运动员参赛问题展开的广泛且往往激烈的争论中，保护女子项目是何等重要。

“At the Olympic Games, even the smallest margins can be the difference between victory and defeat,” Ms. Coventry said in a statement announcing the news. “So, it is absolutely clear that it would not be fair for biological males to compete in the female category. In addition, in some sports it would simply not be safe.”

考文垂在宣布这一规定时强调：“在奥运会上，即使是最微小的差距也可能决定胜负。因此，生物学男性参加女子类别的比赛显然是不公平的。此外，在某些项目中，这甚至会带来安全问题。”

margin /ˈmɑː.dʒɪn/ 1）表示“差数，差额”，英文解释为“the amount by which one thing is different from another”

2）表示“利润”，英文解释为“the profit made on a product or service”举个🌰：Our increased profits are due to improved margins and successful cost control. 我们盈利上涨，是因为改善了利润并成功地控制了开支。

She added the new policy “is based on science and has been led by medical experts.” The ruling has no bearing on recreational sports, while athletes self-identifying as transgender men are not barred from competing in women's event.

她补充说，这项新政策“以科学为依据，并由医学专家主导制定”。该规定对休闲体育没有影响，自我认同为跨性别男性的运动员参加女子项目则不受限制。

Payoshni Mitra, executive director at Humans of Sport, a group that has focused on the issue, was critical of the new Olympic policy. “This kind of brutal language doesn't protect sports — it polices women's bodies,” she said in a statement to The New York Times. “It fuels suspicion, invites public scrutiny and puts already vulnerable athletes at risk.”

长期关注该问题的组织“体育人”的执行主任帕约什尼·米特拉对国际奥委会的新政策提出了批评。“这种粗暴的语言不是在保护体育——而是在管制女性的身体，”她在给《纽约时报》的声明中表示。“它助长了猜疑，招致公众审视，并使本就脆弱的运动员面临风险。”

brutal /ˈbruː.təl/ 表示“野蛮的，残忍的；兽性的”，英文解释为“cruel, violent, and completely without feelings”

suspicion /səˈspɪʃ.ən/ 表示“怀疑；嫌疑”，英文解释为“a feeling or belief that someone has committed a crime or done something wrong”举个🌰：In these cases, the parents usually come under suspicion. 在这些案例中，孩子父母通常受到怀疑。

The I.O.C. said it had consulted a number of experts, whom it did not identify, as it grappled with how to handle an issue that was becoming a growing concern for sports leaders. Late last year, Dr. Jane Thornton, the I.O.C.'s medical and scientific director and a former Olympic rower for Canada, presented the initial findings of a review that started in 2024 of athletes who are transgender or have differences of sexual development, known as DSD, and are competing in women's sports. That analysis, which was not made public, stated that athletes born with male sexual markers retained physical advantages, including among those that had received treatment to reduce testosterone. That perspective, though, remains contested.

国际奥委会表示，在应对这一日益受到体育界关注的问题时曾咨询多位专家，但未透露具体身份。去年底，国际奥委会医学与科学总监、前加拿大奥运赛艇选手简·桑顿博士公布了一项始于2024年的审查初步结果，研究对象为参加女子项目的跨性别运动员以及性发育差异(DSD)运动员。这份未公开的分析报告指出，具有男性性别特征出生的运动员仍然保留一定的身体优势，即便其中一些人已接受降低睾酮水平的治疗。不过，这一观点仍存在争议。

1）表示“扭打；搏斗”，英文解释为“to take a firm hold of sb/sth and struggle with them”举个🌰：Passers-by grappled with the man after the attack. 袭击之后过路人便与这男人扭打起来。

2）表示“努力设法解决；尽力解决；设法对付；尽量克服”，英文解释为“to try hard to find a solution to a problem”举个🌰：The government has yet to grapple with the problem of air pollution. 政府还需尽力解决空气污染问题。

🎬电影《钢铁侠3》（Iron Man 3）中的台词提到：trying to grapple with something from some hard-crypt data files 希望能在一些加密的数据文件里找到线索...

testosterone /teˈstɑːstəroʊn/ 表示“睾丸素；睾酮”，英文解释为“a male hormone that causes a stage of growth in older boys and development of their sexual organs”

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