单依纯道歉

近日，李荣浩公开指控单依纯在深圳演唱会未经授权翻唱《李白》，引发热议。3月30日凌晨，单依纯发长文道歉。

借（cèng）此（gè）机（rè）会（diǎn），我们就来看看音乐侵权的那些事儿。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What is the primary purpose of the article?

A. To detail the technical process of copyright infringement on internet networks.

B. To report on a Supreme Court ruling regarding ISP liability for copyright infringement.

C. To advocate for stronger copyright protection laws in the music industry.

D. To compare the legal strategies of different internet service providers.

无注释原文：

Supreme Court says internet service provider isn't liable for bootlegged music downloads

From: CNN

In a major loss for the nation's music industry, the Supreme Court on Wednesday ruled that a major internet service provider is not liable for copyright infringement because it failed to kick known copyright violators off its network.

Justice Clarence Thomas wrote the opinion for a unanimous court.

The nation's largest record labels want to hold internet providers liable for copyright infringement because they declined to cut off online access to users they know are downloading bootlegged music.

“Under our precedents, a company is not liable as a copyright infringer for merely providing a service to the general public with knowledge that it will be used by some to infringe copyrights,” Thomas wrote.

A jury initially awarded Sony Music Entertainment and other record companies a $1 billion verdict against Cox Communications for the infringement of more than 10,000 copyrighted works. While a federal appeals court nixed that award, it nevertheless held that Cox could be held indirectly liable for contributing to infringement on a massive scale.

Cox had warned of cataclysmic consequences for internet users if Sony got its way. For one thing, it said, institutional customers like universities and hospitals could be entirely cut off from the internet if only a few users on their campuses were downloading pirated music. At oral arguments in early December, that position seemed to resonate with both conservative and liberal justices.

Sony, Universal Music Corp. and other companies representing 80% of the music industry sued in 2018. A jury in Virginia found that Cox was liable for both vicarious infringement — meaning it benefited financially from it — and contributory infringement. The Richmond-based 4th US Circuit Court of Appeals reversed part of that decision, on vicarious liability, and required the district court to reconsider the $1 billion verdict.

But the appeals court upheld the contributory infringement decision, noting that the music industry had flooded Cox with infringement notices from 2013 to 2014 and that the company only terminated 32 customers for copyright infringement. It had, at the same time, terminated hundreds of thousands of subscribers for nonpayment. The appeals court ordered a new trial to reassess the size of the award.

“The evidence at trial, viewed in the light most favorable to Sony, showed more than mere failure to prevent infringement,” the appeals court wrote. “The jury saw evidence that Cox knew of specific instances of repeat copyright infringement occurring on its network, that Cox traced those instances to specific users, and that Cox chose to continue providing monthly internet access to those users despite believing the online infringement would continue because it wanted to avoid losing revenue.”

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Supreme Court says internet service provider isn't liable for bootlegged music downloads

From: CNN

In a major loss for the nation's music industry, the Supreme Court on Wednesday ruled that a major internet service provider is not liable for copyright infringement because it failed to kick known copyright violators off its network.

美国音乐产业遭遇重大挫败：最高法院周三裁定，一家主要互联网服务提供商无需为其网络上的版权侵权行为负责，即便它未能将已知的侵权用户清除出网络。

liable /ˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/ 表示“承担责任的；负有（法律）责任的”，英文解释为“having (legal) responsibility for something or someone”举个🌰：The law holds parents liable if a child does not attend school. 法律规定孩子不上学父母要负责任。

copyright /ˈkɒp.i.raɪt/ 表示“版权，著作权”，英文解释为“the legal right to control the production and selling of a book, play, film, photograph, or piece of music”举个🌰：Who owns/holds the copyright on this article? 谁拥有这篇文章的著作权？

📍单词“copyright”由词根“-right”（表示“权利”）和前缀“copy-”（表示“复制”）组成。想象你拥有这本书的复制权，这就是“copyright”。

infringement /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ.mənt/ 表示“违反，违背（规定、法律等）”，英文解释为“an action that breaks a rule, law, etc.”如：copyright infringement 侵犯版权。

Justice Clarence Thomas wrote the opinion for a unanimous court.

克拉伦斯·托马斯（Clarence Thomas）大法官代表全体一致的法庭撰写了判决意见。

unanimous /juːˈnæn.ɪ.məs/ 表示“（团体）意见一致的；（决定或裁决）一致通过的，获得全体支持的”，英文解释为“When a group of people are unanimous, they all agree about something or all vote for the same thing.”举个🌰：Editors were unanimous in their condemnation of the proposals. 编辑们一致谴责这些提议。The board unanimously approved the project last week. 董事会上周一致同意批准了这个项目。

区分：

📍anonymous /əˈnɒn.ɪ.məs/ 1）表示“匿名的；不记名的”，英文解释为“If you remain anonymous when you do something, you do not let people know that you were the person who did it.”举个🌰：An anonymous benefactor stepped in to provide the prize money. 一位匿名捐助人参与进来提供了奖金。Of course, that would have to be by anonymous vote. 当然，那得是通过不记名投票。

2）表示“没有特色的”，英文解释为“without any unusual or interesting features”如：long stretches of dull and anonymous countryside 大片大片千篇一律、枯燥平淡的乡村。举个🌰：He has a rather anonymous face. 他相貌平平。

The nation's largest record labels want to hold internet providers liable for copyright infringement because they declined to cut off online access to users they know are downloading bootlegged music.

美国最大的唱片公司试图追究互联网服务提供商的责任，理由是这些提供商拒绝切断已知下载盗版音乐用户的网络接入。

record label /ˈrek.ɔːd ˌleɪ.bəl/ 表示“唱片公司”，英文解释为“a company that records and sells music”举个🌰：She's signed a three-album deal with a new record label. 她已和一家新的唱片公司签约，将推出3张专辑。

bootleg /ˈbuːt.leɡ/ 作动词，表示“非法制造（或复制、贩卖）”，英文解释为“to illegally make, copy, or sell something”

“Under our precedents, a company is not liable as a copyright infringer for merely providing a service to the general public with knowledge that it will be used by some to infringe copyrights,” Thomas wrote.

托马斯写道：“根据我们的判例，一家公司仅仅因为向公众提供服务，并且知晓该服务可能被部分人用于侵权，并不构成版权侵权责任。”

precedent /ˈpres.ɪ.dənt/ 表示“先例，前例”，英文解释为“an action, situation, or decision that has already happened and can be used as a reason why a similar action or decision should be performed or made”举个🌰：There are several precedents for promoting people who don't have formal qualifications. 提拔没有正式学历的人是有几个先例的。

infringe /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ/ 表示“违反，违背（规定、法律等）”，英文解释为“to break a rule, law, etc.”举个🌰：They infringed building regulations. 他们违反了建筑规章。

A jury initially awarded Sony Music Entertainment and other record companies a $1 billion verdict against Cox Communications for the infringement of more than 10,000 copyrighted works. While a federal appeals court nixed that award, it nevertheless held that Cox could be held indirectly liable for contributing to infringement on a massive scale.

最初，一个陪审团裁定索尼音乐娱乐（Sony Music Entertainment）及其他唱片公司因超过一万部作品被侵权，可从考克斯通信（Cox Communications）获得10亿美元赔偿。尽管联邦上诉法院后来撤销了这笔赔偿裁定，但仍认定考克斯可能因其行为助长大规模侵权而承担间接责任。

verdict /ˈvɜː.dɪkt/ 1）表示“（经过检验或认真考虑后的）决定，结论，意见”，英文解释为“a decision that you make or an opinion that you give about sth, after you have tested it or considered it carefully”举个🌰：The doctor's verdict was that he was entirely healthy. 这名医生的判断是他完全是健康的。

2）另一个常用含义，表示“裁定，裁决，裁断”（In a court of law, the verdict is the decision that is given by the jury or judge at the end of a trial.）

🎬电影《真实故事》（True Story）中的台词提到：And the verdict was you're a liar. 而判决是，你是个骗子。

nix /nɪks/ 表示“停止；禁止；拒绝”，英文解释为“to stop, prevent, or refuse to accept something”举个🌰：The film studio nixed her plans to make a sequel. 电影制片厂拒绝了她拍摄续集的计划。

Cox had warned of cataclysmic consequences for internet users if Sony got its way. For one thing, it said, institutional customers like universities and hospitals could be entirely cut off from the internet if only a few users on their campuses were downloading pirated music. At oral arguments in early December, that position seemed to resonate with both conservative and liberal justices.

考克斯曾警告，若索尼的主张得到支持，将对互联网用户造成灾难性影响。例如，像大学、医院这类机构客户，可能仅因校内少数用户下载盗版音乐就被完全断网。在十二月初的口头辩论中，这一观点似乎得到了保守派和自由派大法官双方的认同。

cataclysmic /ˈkætəˌklɪzmɪk/ 作形容词，表示“大变动的；激烈的；剧烈的；泛滥的；灾害性的”，英文解释为“A cataclysmic event is one that changes a situation or society very greatly, especially in an unpleasant way.”

名词形式，cataclysm表示“剧变；大灾难；大变动”，英文解释为“an event that causes a lot of destruction, or a sudden, violent change”

pirated /ˈpaɪ.rə.tɪd/ 表示“盗版的”，英文解释为“(of music, films, computer programs, etc.) illegally copied and sold”如：a pirated video 盗版录像片 ，pirated software 盗版软件。

resonate /ˈrez.ən.eɪt/ 1）表示“使产生联想；引起共鸣”，英文解释为“If an experience or memory resonates, it makes you think of another similar one.”举个🌰：Her experiences resonate powerfully with me, living, as I do, in a similar family situation. 她的家庭生活环境和我相似，所以她的经历在我心中引起强烈共鸣。

2）表示“流传；产生深远影响；继续发挥重要性”，英文解释为“to continue to have a powerful effect or value”举个🌰：The significance of those great stories resonates down the centuries. 这些著名故事的深远意义将世代流传。

conservative /kənˈsɜː.və.tɪv/ 作名词，表示“保守党，保守派”，作形容词，表示“保守的；守旧的”，英文解释为“not usually liking or trusting change, especially sudden change”如：a conservative society/outlook 保守的社会/观念。

Conservative 表示“（英国）保守党的”，英文解释为“belonging to or supporting the British political party that traditionally supports business and opposes high taxes and government involvement in industry”如：the Conservative Party 保守党，Conservative policies 保守党奉行的政策。

Sony, Universal Music Corp. and other companies representing 80% of the music industry sued in 2018. A jury in Virginia found that Cox was liable for both vicarious infringement — meaning it benefited financially from it — and contributory infringement. The Richmond-based 4th US Circuit Court of Appeals reversed part of that decision, on vicarious liability, and required the district court to reconsider the $1 billion verdict.

索尼（Sony）、环球音乐集团（Universal Music Corp.）及其他代表音乐产业80%份额的公司于2018年提起诉讼。弗吉尼亚州的一个陪审团认定，考克斯同时构成间接侵权（即从中获得经济利益）和帮助侵权。位于里士满的美国第四巡回上诉法院推翻了关于间接侵权责任的判决部分，并要求地区法院重新审议那10亿美元的赔偿裁决。

表示“间接感受到的；间接获得的”，英文解释为“experienced as a result of watching, listening to, or reading about the activities of other people, rather than by doing the activities yourself”举个🌰：She took a vicarious pleasure in her friend's achievements. 她为朋友的成就感到喜悦。

contributory /kənˈtrɪb.jə.tər.i/ 1）表示“捐献的；奉献的”，英文解释为“used to refer to something that you contribute to”举个🌰：The company offers a contributory pension plan (= one to which both the employee and employer pay money). 该公司实行雇主和雇员共同缴存养老金计划。

2）表示“起作用的；导致…的；促成的”，英文解释为“helping to cause something”举个🌰：Too little exercise is a contributory factor in heart disease. 缺乏锻炼是引起心脏病的一个因素。

1）表示“失败；挫折”，英文解释为“a defeat or failure”举个🌰：They suffered a serious reverse. 他们遭受了一次重大的失败。也可以表示“相反的情况（或事物）；对立面”，英文解释为“the opposite of what has been suggested”

2）作动词，表示“（使）反向；（使）倒转；彻底改变；推翻”，英文解释为“to change the direction, order, position, result, etc. of something to its opposite”举个🌰：The new manager hoped to reverse the decline in the company's fortunes. 新经理希望能够扭转公司江河日下的状况。

But the appeals court upheld the contributory infringement decision, noting that the music industry had flooded Cox with infringement notices from 2013 to 2014 and that the company only terminated 32 customers for copyright infringement. It had, at the same time, terminated hundreds of thousands of subscribers for nonpayment. The appeals court ordered a new trial to reassess the size of the award.

但上诉法院维持了关于帮助侵权的判决，指出在2013年至2014年间，音乐行业向考克斯发送了大量侵权通知，而该公司仅因此终止了32名客户的服务。与此同时，它却因欠费问题终止了数十万用户的服务。上诉法院下令重审，以重新评估赔偿金额。

terminate /ˈtɜː.mɪ.neɪt/ 1）表示“（使）停止，结束，终止”，英文解释为“to end; to make sth end”举个🌰：Your contract of employment terminates in December. 你的聘约十二月份到期。

2）也可以指“终止妊娠，人工流产”（to end a pregnancy intentionally, usually by a medical operation）举个🌰：After a lot of agonizing she decided to terminate the pregnancy. 在多次痛苦的考虑后，她决定终止妊娠。

“The evidence at trial, viewed in the light most favorable to Sony, showed more than mere failure to prevent infringement,” the appeals court wrote. “The jury saw evidence that Cox knew of specific instances of repeat copyright infringement occurring on its network, that Cox traced those instances to specific users, and that Cox chose to continue providing monthly internet access to those users despite believing the online infringement would continue because it wanted to avoid losing revenue.”

上诉法院写道：“从最有利于索尼的角度审视庭审证据，考克斯的行为已不仅仅是未能防止侵权。陪审团看到的证据表明，考克斯知晓其网络上发生的具体、重复的侵权案例，能将这些案例追踪到具体用户，并且尽管相信这些用户的在线侵权行为会继续，却仍选择继续为他们提供月度网络服务，目的是避免收入损失。”

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