韩国号召民众缩短洗澡时间

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🤔️小作业：

1. According to the passage, which of the following measures is explicitly described as potentially becoming compulsory in the future?

A. Using public transportation as much as possible.

B. Restricting the operation of private vehicles.

C. Switching to energy-efficient home appliances.

D. Operating government vehicles only four workdays a week.

无注释原文：

Take Shorter Showers: South Korea Kicks Off an Energy-Saving Drive

From: The New York Times

South Korea started a nationwide energy-saving campaign on Tuesday, urging people to take shorter showers, ride bicycles for short trips and avoid charging phones and electric vehicles at night.

Like other nations, South Korea has become increasingly concerned about disruptions to oil and gas supplies because of the U.S.-Israeli war on Iran. The country imports all of its oil and gas. Nearly 70 percent of its crude oil supply passed through the Strait of Hormuz, which borders Iran, until the war brought that tanker traffic to a near standstill.

Rising oil prices and South Korea's weakening won against the dollar are dealing a double blow to its economy, which depends heavily on its energy-intensive manufacturing industries.

Presiding over a cabinet meeting on Tuesday, President Lee Jae Myung appealed to the public to join a national 12-step drive to save energy. He invoked the patriotism South Koreans showed during the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s, when families sold necklaces and other gold jewelry to help raise badly needed hard currency, and during the pandemic, when people faithfully followed government-imposed social distancing and Covid testing rules.

“We desperately need the cooperation from the people,” he said. “We can surely overcome this crisis if we put our minds together.”

The Ministry of Climate, Energy and Environment encouraged people to use washing machines and vacuum cleaners only on weekends, to switch to energy-efficient home appliances and lighting, and to use public transportation as much as possible. Such steps were voluntary.

For its part, the government said it would require all agencies to operate their vehicles only four out of five workdays. (For instance, government cars with license plate numbers that end with a 1 or 6 will be taken off the road on Mondays.)

It asked the public to do the same, adding that restrictions on private vehicles could become mandatory should the energy crisis worsen.

The government also said it would accelerate work on five of the 10 nuclear power plants currently under maintenance so they could restart them earlier. (It has 16 others operating now.)

Businesses were also asked to come up with conservation measures, such as turning office lights off during lunch breaks and encouraging workers to use the stairs instead of elevators.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Take Shorter Showers: South Korea Kicks Off an Energy-Saving Drive

From: The New York Times

South Korea started a nationwide energy-saving campaign on Tuesday, urging people to take shorter showers, ride bicycles for short trips and avoid charging phones and electric vehicles at night.

韩国周二启动了全民节能行动，呼吁民众缩短淋浴时间、短途出行骑自行车，并避免在夜间给手机和电动汽车充电。

Like other nations, South Korea has become increasingly concerned about disruptions to oil and gas supplies because of the U.S.-Israeli war on Iran. The country imports all of its oil and gas. Nearly 70 percent of its crude oil supply passed through the Strait of Hormuz, which borders Iran, until the war brought that tanker traffic to a near standstill.

与其他国家一样，由于美以对伊朗的战争引发的石油和天然气供应中断，韩国的担忧日益加剧。它的石油和天然气全部依赖进口。战前，其近70%的原油供应需经由毗邻伊朗的霍尔木兹海峡运输，而战争几乎使油轮运输陷入停滞。

import /ɪmˈpɔːt/ 表示“进口”，英文解释为“to buy or bring in products from another country”举个🌰：We import a large number of cars from Japan. 我们从日本进口大量的汽车。

export /ɪkˈspɔːt/ 表示“出口；输出”，英文解释为“to send goods to another country for sale”举个🌰：French cheeses are exported to many different countries. 法国奶酪出口到很多国家。

crude/crude oil表示“原油；石油”，英文解释为“oil in its natural state, before it has been treated with chemicals”

standstill /ˈstænd.stɪl/ 表示“静止；停顿；停滞”，英文解释为“a condition in which all movement or activity has stopped”举个🌰：The runaway bus eventually came to a standstill when it rolled into a muddy field. 失控的大巴驶入了泥泞的田里，最终停了下来。

Rising oil prices and South Korea's weakening won against the dollar are dealing a double blow to its economy, which depends heavily on its energy-intensive manufacturing industries.

油价上涨以及韩元对美元走弱对严重依赖能源密集型制造业的韩国经济造成了双重打击。

won此处指韩元，即韩国的官方货币单位（货币代码为KRW）。

deal a blow to sb/sth表示“使（计划或希望）破灭；使受挫，使失败；给...打击”，英文解释为“to cause someone or something, usually a plan or hope, to fail or to be affected very badly”举个🌰：The latest figures have dealt a severe blow to hopes of recovery. 最新的数据彻底粉碎了复苏希望。

📺动画片《星球大战：义军崛起》（Star Wars Rebels）中的台词提到：Hopefully, we can finally deal a blow to the Empire. 我们终于有希望狠狠打击帝国了。

📺英剧《唐顿庄园》（Downton Abbey）中的台词提到：... has dealt a terrible blow to landed estates up and down the country 对全国上下的地产打击非常大。

Presiding over a cabinet meeting on Tuesday, President Lee Jae Myung appealed to the public to join a national 12-step drive to save energy. He invoked the patriotism South Koreans showed during the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s, when families sold necklaces and other gold jewelry to help raise badly needed hard currency, and during the pandemic, when people faithfully followed government-imposed social distancing and Covid testing rules.

韩国总统李在明在周二主持内阁会议时，呼吁公众加入一个包含了12项措施的全民节能行动。他提及韩国民众在上世纪90年代末亚洲金融危机期间表现出的爱国精神——当时许多家庭出售项链等黄金饰品帮助国家筹集急需的硬通货；以及在疫情期间，人们严格遵守政府实施的社交距离和核酸检测规定。

preside /prɪˈzaɪd/ 表示“主持（会议或仪式）”，英文解释为“to be in charge of a formal meeting, ceremony, or trial”举个🌰：Who would be the best person to preside at/over the public enquiry? 谁来主持公众调查最合适呢？

invoke /ɪnˈvəʊk/ 1）表示“援引，借助（法律）；诉诸（法律、规定等）”，英文解释为“if you invoke a law, rule etc, you say that you are doing something because the law allows or forces you to”举个🌰：The judge invoked an international law that protects refugees. 法官援用了一项保护难民的国际法律。

2）表示“唤起，引起，使记起”，英文解释为“to make someone have a particular feeling or remember something”

patriotism /ˈpæt.ri.ə.tɪ.zəm/ 表示“爱国主义”，英文解释为“the feeling of loving your country more than any others and being proud of it”

“We desperately need the cooperation from the people,” he said. “We can surely overcome this crisis if we put our minds together.”

“我们迫切需要民众的配合，”他说。“只要大家齐心协力，我们一定能够渡过这场危机。”

The Ministry of Climate, Energy and Environment encouraged people to use washing machines and vacuum cleaners only on weekends, to switch to energy-efficient home appliances and lighting, and to use public transportation as much as possible. Such steps were voluntary.

韩国的气候能源环境部还鼓励民众仅在周末使用洗衣机和吸尘器，改用节能家电和照明设备，并尽可能多地使用公共交通。这些措施均为自愿性质。

vacuum /ˈvæk.juːm/ 作动词，表示“用吸尘器清扫”，英文解释为“to use a vacuum cleaner to collect dust, dirt, etc.”

作名词，1）表示“真空”，英文解释为“A vacuum is a space that contains no air or other gas.”举个🌰：Wind is a current of air caused by a vacuum caused by hot air rising. 风是由热空气上升产生真空而引起的空气流动。

2）表示“空缺”，英文解释为“If someone or something creates a vacuum, they leave a place or position that then needs to be filled by another person or thing.”举个🌰：His presence should fill the power vacuum that has been developing over the past few days. 他的出现应该能填补过去几天中形成的权力空缺。

3）vacuum /ˈvæk.juːm/ 表示“真空吸尘器（同vacuum cleaner）”

短语：in a vacuum /ˈvæk.juːm/ 表示“似在真空中；与世隔绝”，英文解释为“kept separate from other people and activities”举个🌰：No artist works in a vacuum - we are all of us influenced by others. 没有哪个艺术工作者可以脱离现实——我们都受到他人的影响。

appliance /əˈplaɪ.əns/ 表示“装置，器械；（尤指）家用电器”，英文解释为“a device, machine, or piece of equipment, especially an electrical one that is used in the house, such as a cooker or washing machine”如：electric/domestic/household appliances 电器/家用电器/家电。

For its part, the government said it would require all agencies to operate their vehicles only four out of five workdays. (For instance, government cars with license plate numbers that end with a 1 or 6 will be taken off the road on Mondays.)

韩国政府表示，将要求所有政府机构的公车在每周的五个工作日中仅四天上路。（例如，车牌尾号为1或6的公务车将在周一禁行。）

licence plate /ˈlaɪ.səns ˌpleɪt/ 表示“牌照，号码牌”，英文解释为“a sign on a road vehicle that shows its registration number”

It asked the public to do the same, adding that restrictions on private vehicles could become mandatory should the energy crisis worsen.

政府还呼吁公众也采取类似做法，并表示如果能源危机进一步恶化，可能会对私家车实施强制性限制。

mandatory /ˈmæn.də.tər.i/ 表示“强制的；必须履行的；法定的”，英文解释为“Something that is mandatory must be done, or is demanded by law.”举个🌰：Athletes must undergo a mandatory drugs test before competing in the championship. 运动员在锦标赛前必须进行强制性药检。

The government also said it would accelerate work on five of the 10 nuclear power plants currently under maintenance so they could restart them earlier. (It has 16 others operating now.)

政府同时表示，将加快目前处于维护状态的10座核电站中的五座的检修进度，以便及早重启。（目前还有另外16座在运行。）

maintenance /ˈmeɪn.tən.əns/ 1）表示“养护（保持道路、建筑、机器设备等状态良好的工作）”，英文解释为“the work needed to keep a road, building, machine, etc. in good condition”举个🌰：Old houses need a lot of maintenance. 老房子需要大量保养。

2）表示“（法律规定离婚后需定期支付用以供养孩子或前配偶的）抚养费，生活费”，英文解释为“money that a person must pay regularly by law in order to support their child or previous marriage partner after a divorce (= official end to a marriage)”

3）表示“维持；保持”，英文解释为“a situation in which something continues to exist or is not allowed to become less”如：the maintenance of living standards 生活水平的保持。

Businesses were also asked to come up with conservation measures, such as turning office lights off during lunch breaks and encouraging workers to use the stairs instead of elevators.

政府还要求企业提出节能措施，例如在午休期间关闭办公室照明，并鼓励员工走楼梯取代乘坐电梯。

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