阿尔忒弥斯2号启航，人类重返月球

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🤔️小作业：

1. Based on the passage, which of the following statements best reflects the significance of the crew composition on Artemis II?

A. It represents a departure from the demographic profile of earlier lunar missions.

B. It is identical to the diversity standards set during the Apollo program.

C. It prioritizes international participation over technical expertise.

D. It has sparked controversy due to the inclusion of non-American astronauts.

无注释原文：

Artemis II Successfully Kicks Off 10-Day  Lunar Mission

From: The New York Times

A towering orange-and-white NASA rocket blasted off from Florida on Wednesday evening, lifting four astronauts toward space and transporting spectators’ imaginations to a future in which Americans may again set foot on the moon.

As they did during the heyday of the Apollo program, which first put men on the lunar surface, spectators squeezed onto the beaches along Central Florida’s Space Coast. The crowds cheered when the powerful vehicle launched into the clear, twilight sky at 6:35 p.m. Eastern time. It traveled eastward, over the Atlantic Ocean, on a journey that is to go around the moon but not land there.

The flight aboard a spacecraft named Integrity is taking Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch and Jeremy Hansen on what is expected to be a round trip of more than 695,000 miles to clear a path for more exploration, and eventually a new lunar landing.

The mission, known as Artemis II, is the 21st century equivalent of Apollo 8, when NASA astronauts Frank Borman, James Lovell and William Anders captured the rapt attention of the world. When they launched in December 1968, it was the first time that astronauts rode on top of NASA’s mighty Saturn V rocket. For that mission, instead of just a short test flight around Earth, the space agency audaciously decided to send the crew all the way to the moon and back, the first time that another celestial body became a destination that humans could reach.

Like Apollo 8, Artemis II aims to similarly check that the spacecraft can safely make the journey and keep its crew alive during the 10 days it is expected to take to go to the moon and return. Under those plans, the trip will conclude with a splash in the Pacific Ocean on April 10.

Unlike the Apollo astronauts, who were all white men, this mission sets a number of firsts: Mr. Glover of NASA will be the first Black man to venture into deep space and Ms. Koch of NASA will be the first woman to do so, while Mr. Hansen of the Canadian Space Agency will be the first person on a moon mission who is not an American. Mr. Wiseman of NASA is the commander of Artemis II.

In the 1960s, NASA was racing to beat the Soviet Union to the moon. This time, NASA does not want to fall behind the space ambitions of China, which is aiming to land its astronauts on the moon by the end of 2030. But the goal is not to win the sprint. It is to establish a continuing presence on the lunar surface, building an outpost over the next decade.

Jared Isaacman, a billionaire entrepreneur who became NASA administrator in December, has announced major revisions to the Artemis program and rallied a work force that was battered by uncertainty and downsizing last year to focus on putting new footprints on the moon by the end of 2028.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Artemis II Successfully Kicks Off 10-Day  Lunar Mission

From: The New York Times

A towering orange-and-white NASA rocket blasted off from Florida on Wednesday evening, lifting four astronauts toward space and transporting spectators' imaginations to a future in which Americans may again set foot on the moon.

周三傍晚，一枚高大的橙白相间NASA火箭从佛罗里达州发射升空，将四名宇航员送往太空，同时也把围观者的思绪带向美国人可能再次登月的未来。

towering /ˈtaʊə.rɪŋ/ 1）表示“高耸的”，英文解释为“very high and making people feel respect”如：the towering walls of the Acropolis 雅典卫城高耸的城墙。

2）表示“杰出的，卓越的”，英文解释为“very great”如：a towering figure in the art world 艺术界的杰出人物。

表示“（火箭）点火起飞，发射升空”，英文解释为“If a rocket blasts off, it leaves the ground to go into space.”

🎬电影《海啸奇迹》（The Impossible）中在放“孔明灯”时大家就狂喊：Blast off.

spectator /spekˈteɪ.tər/ 表示“（尤指体育赛事的）观众”，英文解释为“a person who watches an activity, especially a sports event, without taking part”。

区分上文提到的：

📍spectacular /spekˈtæk.jə.lər/ 1）表示“壮观的；精彩的；令人印象深刻的”，英文解释为“very impressive”，如：a mountainous area with spectacular scenery 景色壮丽的山区，a spectacular success 辉煌的成就。

As they did during the heyday of the Apollo program, which first put men on the lunar surface, spectators squeezed onto the beaches along Central Florida's Space Coast. The crowds cheered when the powerful vehicle launched into the clear, twilight sky at 6:35 p.m. Eastern time. It traveled eastward, over the Atlantic Ocean, on a journey that is to go around the moon but not land there.

正如当年阿波罗计划鼎盛时期一样（当时人类首次登上月球表面），围观者挤满了佛罗里达中部太空海岸的海滩。当这枚强大的运载火箭于美国东部时间下午6点35分冲入澄澈的暮色天空时，人群爆发出欢呼。火箭向东越过大西洋，执行一次绕月飞行但不登陆的任务。

heyday /ˈheɪ.deɪ/ 表示“全盛时期，鼎盛时期”，英文解释为“the most successful or popular period of someone or something”举个🌰：In their heyday, they sold as many records as all the other groups in the country put together. 在他们的全盛时期，他们唱片的销售量是这个国家中所有其他乐队唱片销量的总和。

1）表示“（困难地）挤进，挤过”，英文解释为“to get in, through, under, etc. with difficulty”举个🌰：She squeezed through the crowd and found a seat at the front. 她从人群中挤过去，在前面找了个座位。

2）表示“挤压；捏”，英文解释为“to press sth firmly, especially with your fingers”如：to squeeze a tube of toothpaste 挤牙膏，举个🌰：He squeezed her arm reassuringly. 他安慰地捏了捏她的手臂。

3）表示“给…带来财务困难，使陷入财务困境”，英文解释为“If you are squeezed by financial demands, they cause you financial problems.”举个🌰：Small businesses are being squeezed by heavy taxation. 重税使小企业在财务上捉襟见肘。

🎬电影《今晚带我回家》（Take Me Home Tonight）中的台词提到：Come on, punch it up. punch. and squeeze real tight 来 击个拳 击拳 然后握紧。

twilight /ˈtwaɪ.laɪt/ 表示“黄昏时分，薄暮时分”，英文解释为“the period just before it becomes completely dark in the evening”举个🌰：I could make out a dark figure in the twilight. 暮色中我能辨认出一个黑影。

The flight aboard a spacecraft named Integrity is taking Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch and Jeremy Hansen on what is expected to be a round trip of more than 695,000 miles to clear a path for more exploration, and eventually a new lunar landing.

此行搭载的飞船名为“诚信号”，上面有里德·怀斯曼、维克多·格洛弗、克里斯蒂娜·科赫和杰里米·汉森四名宇航员，预计他们将完成超过112万公里的往返旅程，为未来的进一步探索铺平道路，并最终实现新的登月任务。

integrity /ɪnˈteɡ.rə.ti/ 1）表示“完整”，英文解释为“the quality of being whole and complete”举个🌰：A modern extension on the old building would ruin its architectural integrity.  在古老建筑物上附加扩建的现代建筑会破坏建筑风格的完整统一。

2）表示“正直；诚实；职业操守”，英文解释为“the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change”举个🌰：No one doubted that the president was a man of the highest integrity. 没有人怀疑总裁是个光明磊落的人。

The mission, known as Artemis II, is the 21st century equivalent of Apollo 8, when NASA astronauts Frank Borman, James Lovell and William Anders captured the rapt attention of the world. When they launched in December 1968, it was the first time that astronauts rode on top of NASA's mighty Saturn V rocket. For that mission, instead of just a short test flight around Earth, the space agency audaciously decided to send the crew all the way to the moon and back, the first time that another celestial body became a destination that humans could reach.

这次任务名为“阿尔忒弥斯2号”，相当于21世纪的“阿波罗8号”——当年的宇航员弗兰克·博尔曼、詹姆斯·洛弗尔和威廉·安德斯曾吸引全世界的目光。1968年12月的发射是宇航员首次搭乘美国航天局强大的“土星五号”火箭进入太空。那次任务中，航天局并未进行绕地短途测试，而是直接将宇航员送往月球并返回，这是人类首次将另一个天体作为可抵达的目的地。

equivalent /ɪˈkwɪv.əl.ənt/ 1）作形容词，表示“（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的”，英文解释为“equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.”举个🌰：Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles. 八公里约等于五英里。

2）作名词，表示“相等的东西；等量；对应词”，英文解释为“a thing, amount, word, etc. that is equivalent to sth else”

rapt /ræpt/ 表示“专心致志的；全神贯注的；全身心投入的”，英文解释为“giving complete attention, or showing complete involvement, or (of attention) complete”举个🌰：She sat with a rapt expression reading her book. 她坐在那儿神情专注地看书。

mighty /ˈmaɪ.ti/ 表示“强大的；巨大的；伟大的”，英文解释为“very large, powerful, or important”

audaciously /ɔːˈdeɪʃəsli/ 表示“无畏地；放肆地；大胆创新地；无拘无束地”，英文解释为“in a way that shows a willingness to take risks or offend people”

Like Apollo 8, Artemis II aims to similarly check that the spacecraft can safely make the journey and keep its crew alive during the 10 days it is expected to take to go to the moon and return. Under those plans, the trip will conclude with a splash in the Pacific Ocean on April 10.

与“阿波罗8号”一样，“阿尔忒弥斯2号”旨在检验飞船能否安全完成旅程，在预计约10天的往返飞行中保障宇航员的生命安全。按照计划，飞船将于4月10日在太平洋溅落，结束任务。

splashdown /ˈsplæʃ.daʊn/ 作名词，表示“溅落（指航天器坠入海里）”，英文解释为“a landing by a spacecraft in the sea”；动词短语splash down表示“降落在水中/海上”，英文解释为“(of a spacecraft) land on water.”

splash /splæʃ/ 本身表示“（使）（液体）洒，溅，泼”，英文解释为“If a liquid splashes or if you splash a liquid, it falls on or hits something or someone.”举个🌰：Water was splashing from a hole in the roof. 水从屋顶的洞里泼溅下来。

Unlike the Apollo astronauts, who were all white men, this mission sets a number of firsts: Mr. Glover of NASA will be the first Black man to venture into deep space and Ms. Koch of NASA will be the first woman to do so, while Mr. Hansen of the Canadian Space Agency will be the first person on a moon mission who is not an American. Mr. Wiseman of NASA is the commander of Artemis II.

不同于当年的阿波罗宇航员全部为白人男性，这次任务创下多项“第一”：美国航天局的格洛弗将成为首位进入深空的黑人男性，科赫将成为首位进入深空的女性，而来自加拿大航天局的汉森则将成为首位参与登月任务的非美国人。美国航天局的怀斯曼担任“阿尔忒弥斯2号”任务的指令长。

commander /kəˈmɑːn.dər/ 表示“指挥官；司令官”，英文解释为“A commander is an officer in charge of a military operation or organization.”

In the 1960s, NASA was racing to beat the Soviet Union to the moon. This time, NASA does not want to fall behind the space ambitions of China, which is aiming to land its astronauts on the moon by the end of 2030. But the goal is not to win the sprint. It is to establish a continuing presence on the lunar surface, building an outpost over the next decade.

20世纪60年代，美国航天局与苏联赛跑，力争抢先登月。这一次，美国航天局不想落后于中国的太空雄心——中国计划在2030年底前将宇航员送上月球。但此次目标并不是赢得短跑，而是要在月球表面建立持续的存在，在未来十年里打造一个前哨基地。

可以作名词，也可以作动词，sprint /sprɪnt/ 表示“短距离快速奔跑，冲刺”，英文解释为“to run as fast as you can over a short distance, either in a race or because you are in a great hurry to get somewhere”举个🌰：We had to sprint to catch the bus. 我们不得不飞跑着去赶公共汽车。

📍sprinter表示“短跑选手；短程赛选手；短跑运动员”

区分：

📍sprite /spraɪt/表示“（传说中的）小仙子，小精灵，小妖精”（a small creature with magic powers, especially one that likes playing tricks）也是雪碧的英文商标名。

1）表示“前哨（基地）；驻外办事处；（组织的）边远分部”，英文解释为“a small military camp away from the main army, used for watching an enemy's movements, etc.”

2）表示“偏远村镇；孤零住区”，英文解释为“a small town or group of buildings in a lonely part of a country”

Jared Isaacman, a billionaire entrepreneur who became NASA administrator in December, has announced major revisions to the Artemis program and rallied a work force that was battered by uncertainty and downsizing last year to focus on putting new footprints on the moon by the end of 2028.

亿万富翁企业家贾里德·艾萨克曼于去年12月出任美国航天局局长后，宣布对“阿尔忒弥斯计划”进行重大调整，并重整了在去年因不确定性和裁员而受挫的队伍，将重点放在2028年底前再次实现登月。

batter /ˈbætə/ 1）作动词，表示“连续猛击；殴打；（风、雨或风暴等的）袭击”，英文解释为“to hit sb/sth hard many times, especially in a way that causes serious damage”举个🌰：The area has been battered by winds. 该地区一直受到大风的袭击。

2）作名词，表示“（用面粉、鸡蛋和牛奶调成的）面糊”，英文解释为“a mixture of flour, eggs, and milk or another liquid, used to make pancakes or to cover food before frying it”

downsize /ˈdaʊn.saɪz/ 表示“（使）减员，（使）（公司或组织）瘦身”，英文解释为“to make a company or organization smaller by reducing the number of people working for it, or to become smaller in this way”如：to downsize your workforce/company 减少你方劳动力人数/实行公司减员。

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