美伊停火了吗

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the passage, which of the following best describes the change in the U.S. administration's stance towards Iran as implied?

A. A shift from hostile ultimatums to a willingness for diplomatic engagement.

B. A consistent policy of demanding unconditional surrender throughout.

C. A decision to withdraw from negotiations due to ceasefire violations.

D. An increase in military threats following the ceasefire announcement.

无注释原文：

Uncertainty Clouds Cease-Fire as Lebanon and Gulf States Are Struck

From: The New York Times

A tenuous cease-fire between the United States and Iran was being tested on Wednesday by heavy Israeli bombardment in Lebanon, which Israel and President Trump insisted was not part of the cease-fire deal, and by continued Iranian attacks on its Persian Gulf neighbors.

Although the cease-fire promised to bring two weeks of relative calm to the Middle East and buy time for Iran and the United States to hammer out a longer-term peace deal, many questions remained about the fate of Iran's highly enriched uranium, the safe passage of ships in the Strait of Hormuz and whether ongoing Iranian and Israeli attacks could upend the diplomatic process.

Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif of Pakistan, who helped broker the cease-fire that was announced on Tuesday, wrote on social media on Wednesday that violations had been reported in several places, “which undermine the spirit” of the peace process.

“I earnestly and sincerely urge all parties to exercise restraint and respect the ceasefire for two weeks, as agreed upon, so that diplomacy can take a lead role towards peaceful settlement of the conflict,” he wrote.

Talks aimed at a long-term agreement were set to begin on Saturday in Islamabad, Pakistan's capital. Iran's Supreme National Security Council confirmed that Iranian leaders would take part in the negotiations. The Trump administration said it would send Vice President JD Vance, Steve Witkoff, a special envoy, and Jared Kushner, President Trump's son-in-law.

Mr. Trump said that his administration would “work closely with Iran,” a stark shift in tone after he demanded Tehran's “unconditional surrender” for weeks and threatened to destroy the country's “whole civilization” if it didn't reopen the Strait of Hormuz by Tuesday night.

Karoline Leavitt, the White House press secretary, said that U.S. officials were working on a modified peace plan that would closely mirror a 15-point proposal that Mr. Trump put forward weeks ago, “so long as the Strait of Hormuz remains open.”

The status of the strait was just one of many uncertainties on Wednesday.

Iran, which had effectively choked off most crude oil and natural gas shipments through the strait during the war, was supposed to reopen the waterway during the two-week cease-fire. But it was unclear if the strait was open on Wednesday, and who was in control of it. One Iranian news outlet reported that shipping in the strait had been halted in response to Israeli attacks on Hezbollah, the Iranian-backed militia in Lebanon. Ms. Leavitt dismissed that report as “false.”

“We have seen an uptick of traffic in the strait today,” she told reporters at the White House, “and I will reiterate the president's expectation and demand that the Strait of Hormuz is reopened immediately, quickly and safely.”

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Uncertainty Clouds Cease-Fire as Lebanon and Gulf States Are Struck

From: The New York Times

A tenuous cease-fire between the United States and Iran was being tested on Wednesday by heavy Israeli bombardment in Lebanon, which Israel and President Trump insisted was not part of the cease-fire deal, and by continued Iranian attacks on its Persian Gulf neighbors.

美伊之间脆弱的停火协议在周三受到了严峻考验：以色列对黎巴嫩发动了猛烈轰炸，而以色列和特朗普总统坚称此次行动不属于停火协议范围；同时，伊朗继续对其波斯湾邻国发动袭击。

tenuous /ˈten.ju.əs/ 表示“（关系、想法、形势等）不确定的，不明朗的”，英文解释为“A tenuous connection, idea, or situation is weak and possibly does not exist.”举个🌰：The police have only found a tenuous connection between the two robberies. 我们只能认定这两桩抢劫案之间可能有某些联系。

cease-fire表示“停火”，cease表示“停止，中止”，英文解释为“to stop something”举个🌰：The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year. 公司决定从明年开始停止一切在英国的业务活动。

bombardment /bɒmˈbɑːd.mənt/ 1）表示“连续炮击；连续轰炸”，英文解释为“a continuous attack on a place with guns or bombs”如：aerial bombardment 连续空袭 举个🌰：The bombardment had begun several days earlier, destroying many buildings. 轰炸在几天前就开始了，摧毁了许多建筑物。

2）表示“连续提问，连续（口头等）攻击”，英文解释为“a situation in which so many questions or other things are directed at someone, that they find it difficult to deal with them”举个🌰：A president is under constant bombardment from every direction. 一位总统正受到来自四面八方的诘问。

Although the cease-fire promised to bring two weeks of relative calm to the Middle East and buy time for Iran and the United States to hammer out a longer-term peace deal, many questions remained about the fate of Iran's highly enriched uranium, the safe passage of ships in the Strait of Hormuz and whether ongoing Iranian and Israeli attacks could upend the diplomatic process.

这份停火协议有望为中东地区带来两周相对平静的时期，并为伊朗与美国达成更长期的和平协议争取时间，但伊朗高浓缩铀的处置、霍尔木兹海峡船只的安全通行，以及伊朗和以色列持续的攻击是否会颠覆外交进程，仍然是未知数。

表示“赢得时间；拖延时间”，英文解释为“to do something in order to be allowed more time”举个🌰：He tried to buy time by saying he hadn't been well. 他试图以身体不适为借口来拖延时间。

hammer /ˈhæm.ər/ sth out表示“（争论或讨论后）达成（协议或解决办法）”，英文解释为“to reach an agreement or solution after a lot of argument or discussion”举个🌰：Three years after the accident the lawyers finally managed to hammer out a settlement with the insurance company. 事故发生3年后，律师们终于与保险公司商定了解决办法。

uranium /jʊəˈreɪ.ni.əm/ 表示“铀”，英文解释为“a chemical element that is a heavy, radioactive metal, used in the production of nuclear power and in some types of nuclear weapon”

passage /ˈpæs.ɪdʒ/ 除了表示“（文章的）段落”，还可以：1）表示“过道，走廊”，英文解释为“a usually long and narrow part of a building with rooms on one or both sides, or a covered path that connects places”举个🌰：A narrow passage led directly through the house into the garden. 一条狭窄的过道直接从房子通向花园。

2）表示“（体内的）道，通道”，英文解释为“a hollow part of the body through which something goes”如：the nasal passages 鼻腔。

3）表示“（尤指海上的）旅行，航行”，英文解释为“a journey, especially over the sea”举个🌰：He had booked his passage to Rio de Janeiro. 他订了去里约热内卢的船票。

upend /ʌpˈend/ 表示“翻倒；倒放；使颠倒”，英文解释为“If you upend something, you turn it upside down.”举个🌰：He upended the beer, and swallowed. 他把啤酒倒出来，大口喝了。

引申的，也有“使...结束；打倒；推翻”（To end up; to set on end）的含义。

🎬电影《云图》（Cloud Atlas）中的台词提到：And those who try to upend it do not fare well. 那些企图颠覆秩序的人不会善终。

补充： 📍fare well值得积累的一个表达，此前在「经济学人」足球客队为啥总是输？文中提到过，fare作动词，表示“进展；成功；遭遇”，直白地解释就是，xxx做得好/做得不好，表现得好/表现不好，后面可接well或者是badly（文中为比较级），英文解释为“If you say that someone or something fares well or badly, you are referring to the degree of success they achieve in a particular situation or activity.”举个🌰：How did you fare in your exams? 你考得怎么样？

🎬电影《总统杀局》（The Ides of March）中的台词提到：And you wouldn't fare too well in federal prison. 你在联邦监狱也不会好过。

Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif of Pakistan, who helped broker the cease-fire that was announced on Tuesday, wrote on social media on Wednesday that violations had been reported in several places, “which undermine the spirit” of the peace process.

巴基斯坦总理谢赫巴兹·谢里夫参与促成了周二宣布的这份停火协议，周三，他在社交媒体上发文称，已有多地报告违反停火的情况，这破坏了和平进程的“精神”。

作名词，broker /ˈbrəʊ.kər/ 表示“经纪人，掮客”，英文解释为“a person who buys and sells foreign money, shares in companies, etc., for other people”如：a commodity/insurance/mortgage broker 商品/保险/抵押经纪人。

作动词，表示“作为经纪人（或中间人）安排（交易、协议等）”，英文解释为“to arrange something such as a deal, agreement, etc. between two or more groups or countries”举个🌰：The diplomats have failed in their attempts to broker a ceasefire. 外交官们促成停火的尝试已告失败。

undermine /ˌʌn.dəˈmaɪn/ 表示“（常指逐渐地）削弱信心、权威等，损害”，英文解释为“to make someone less confident, less powerful, or less likely to succeed, or to make something weaker, often gradually”举个🌰：Criticism just undermines their confidence. 批评只是削弱了他们的信心。

“I earnestly and sincerely urge all parties to exercise restraint and respect the ceasefire for two weeks, as agreed upon, so that diplomacy can take a lead role towards peaceful settlement of the conflict,” he wrote.

“我真诚而恳切地敦促各方保持克制，遵守双方商定的两周停火，以便让外交能够在和平解决冲突中发挥主导作用，”他写道。

restraint /rɪˈstreɪnt/ 1）表示“克制；平心静气；冷静”，英文解释为“calm and controlled behaviour”举个🌰：He showed admirable restraint, and refused to be provoked. 他表现出极大的克制，面对挑衅泰然处之。

2）表示“阻止；抑制，遏制”，英文解释为“something that limits the freedom of someone or something, or that prevents something from growing or increasing”举个🌰：Lack of space is the main restraint on the firm's expansion plans. 建筑空间的缺乏是阻碍这家公司实施其扩建计划的主要原因。

Talks aimed at a long-term agreement were set to begin on Saturday in Islamabad, Pakistan's capital. Iran's Supreme National Security Council confirmed that Iranian leaders would take part in the negotiations. The Trump administration said it would send Vice President JD Vance, Steve Witkoff, a special envoy, and Jared Kushner, President Trump's son-in-law.

旨在达成长期协议的谈判定于周六在巴基斯坦首都伊斯兰堡开始。伊朗最高国家安全委员会证实，伊朗领导人将参加谈判。特朗普政府表示，将派副总统JD·万斯、特使史蒂夫·维特科夫以及特朗普总统的女婿贾里德·库什纳出席。

envoy /ˈenvɔɪ/ 表示“使者；代表”，英文解释为“An envoy is someone who is sent as a representative from one government or political group to another.”

son-in-law /ˈsʌn.ɪn.lɔː/ 表示“女婿”，英文解释为“the man who is married to your daughter or son”

Mr. Trump said that his administration would “work closely with Iran,” a stark shift in tone after he demanded Tehran's “unconditional surrender” for weeks and threatened to destroy the country's “whole civilization” if it didn't reopen the Strait of Hormuz by Tuesday night.

特朗普表示，他的政府将“与伊朗密切合作”，这与他几周来要求德黑兰“无条件投降”，并威胁如果伊朗不在周二晚上前重新开放霍尔木兹海峡就将摧毁其“整个文明”的强硬语气形成了鲜明对比。

surrender /sərˈen.dər/ 可以作名词，也可以作动词，1）表示“放弃；交出”，英文解释为“If you surrender something you would rather keep, you give it up or let someone else have it, for example after a struggle.”举个🌰：She had to fill out forms surrendering all rights to her property. 她不得不填写表格，放弃对她财产的所有权利。

2）表示“投降；屈服”，英文解释为“If you surrender, you stop fighting or resisting someone and agree that you have been beaten.”举个🌰：The hijackers eventually surrendered themselves to the police. 劫机者最终向警方投降。

Karoline Leavitt, the White House press secretary, said that U.S. officials were working on a modified peace plan that would closely mirror a 15-point proposal that Mr. Trump put forward weeks ago, “so long as the Strait of Hormuz remains open.”

白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·莱维特表示，美国官员正在制定一份修改后的和平计划，该计划将与特朗普几周前提出的15点方案基本一致，“只要霍尔木兹海峡保持开放。”

The status of the strait was just one of many uncertainties on Wednesday.

霍尔木兹海峡的现状只是周三众多不确定因素中的一个。

Iran, which had effectively choked off most crude oil and natural gas shipments through the strait during the war, was supposed to reopen the waterway during the two-week cease-fire. But it was unclear if the strait was open on Wednesday, and who was in control of it. One Iranian news outlet reported that shipping in the strait had been halted in response to Israeli attacks on Hezbollah, the Iranian-backed militia in Lebanon. Ms. Leavitt dismissed that report as “false.”

伊朗在战争期间已经实质上切断通过该海峡的大部分原油和天然气运输，按照停火协议，它应在两周停火期间重新开放该水道。但截至周三，有关海峡是否已经开放、由谁控制等问题，仍无法明确。一家伊朗新闻媒体报道称，鉴于以色列对伊朗支持的黎巴嫩真主党发动袭击，海峡航运已被暂停。莱维特驳斥该报道为“虚假消息”。

halt /hɒlt/ 作名词，表示“停止，停下，中止”，英文解释为“an occasion when something stops moving or happening”如：the recent halt in production 最近的停产。

作动词，1）表示“使停住；停住”，英文解释为“When a person or a vehicle halts or when something halts them, they stop moving in the direction they were going and stand still.”举个🌰：They halted at a short distance from the house. 他们停在离房子不远处。

2）表示“使完全停止；完全停止”，英文解释为“When something such as growth, development, or activity halts or when you halt it, it stops completely.”举个🌰：Workers halted production at the auto plant yesterday. 昨天，汽车厂的工人完全停止了生产。

🎬电影《危情时速》（Unstoppable）中的台词提到：Emergency responders want to halt all activity near the line 应急响应人员打算停止铁路附近的所有活动。

“We have seen an uptick of traffic in the strait today,” she told reporters at the White House, “and I will reiterate the president's expectation and demand that the Strait of Hormuz is reopened immediately, quickly and safely.”

“我们今天看到海峡的交通流量有所增加，”她在白宫告诉记者，“我再次重申总统的期望和要求：霍尔木兹海峡必须立即、迅速且安全地重新开放。”

uptick /ˈʌp.tɪk/ 表示“增长；发展；上升”，英文解释为“an increase in something”举个🌰：An uptick in once-struggling areas could make a significant difference to voters' perceptions of the economy. 贫困地区的经济发展会让选民对经济的看法产生显著的改变。

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