法国罕见全票通过文物归还法案

近日，法国国民议会以全票通过一项简化殖民掠夺文物归还程序的法案，覆盖1815-1972年间非法获取的文物，议员现场引用雨果165年前呼吁归还中国圆明园文物的名言引发热议。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. The passage suggests that the recent passage of the restitution bill can be best seen as:

A. A sudden and unexpected policy shift by the French government.

B. A direct implementation of the UNESCO 1972 convention.

C. A delayed fulfillment of a commitment made years earlier.

D. A response to unanimous public demand within France.

无注释原文：

France's lawmakers pass bill on restitution of artworks looted during colonial era

From: Euronews

France's National Assembly has unanimously passed a bill to return cultural property looted from the country's former colonial empire.

Lawmakers in France's National Assembly unanimously voted in favour of a bill on Monday that facilitates the return of artworks and artefacts looted from former French colonies. The French Senate had approved the draft legislation in January.

Recent requests for the restitution of artefacts have been submitted to France from countries like Algeria, Mali, and Benin.

The bill aims to simplify the return of cultural property taken illegally from France's former colonies, particularly focusing on items taken between 1815 and 1972 - the year UNESCO's convention for the protection of cultural heritage came into force.

The long-awaited restitution legislation has been passed nearly a decade after President Emmanuel Macron's pledge to return cultural property taken from African countries.

“African heritage cannot solely exist in private collections and European museums,” the French President said in a November 2017 speech in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. “Within five years I want the conditions to exist for temporary or permanent returns of African heritage to Africa.”

The new bill requires a state to make a request for the return of items and commit to protecting and displaying them to the public. The request will then be assessed and approved by a committee, based on evidence that the items had been acquired illegitimately or through force. Military items, public archives, and shares of archeological digs are excluded.

While the vote on the restitution bill was unanimous, members debated the scope of the bill - particularly the dates it applies to.

Earlier this year, France returned the sacred Djidji Ayôkwé drum to Ivory Coast. The sacred drum was taken by colonial troops in 1916.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译，仅供参考

含注释全文：

France's lawmakers pass bill on restitution of artworks looted during colonial era

From: Euronews

France's National Assembly has unanimously passed a bill to return cultural property looted from the country's former colonial empire.

法国国民议会一致通过了一项法案，旨在归还从该国前殖民地掠夺的文化财产。

assembly /əˈsem.bli/ 1）表示“（尤指为特定目的而经常）聚集在一起的人，（所有）与会者；集合，聚集”，英文解释为“a group of people, especially one that meets regularly for a particular purpose, such as government, or, more generally, the process of coming together, or the state of being together”如：the United Nations General Assembly 联合国大会；

2）表示“（多个班级参加的）集体活动，集会”，英文解释为“a meeting in a school of several classes, usually at the beginning of the school day, to give information or to say prayers together”举个🌰：All pupils are expected to attend school assembly. 所有学生都要参加校会。

3）表示“装配；组装；组合体；总成”，英文解释为“the process of putting together the parts of sth such as a vehicle or piece of furniture”举个🌰：Putting the bookcase together should be a simple assembly job. 组装书橱应该是个简单的装配活。

unanimous作形容词，副词形式unanimously /juːˈnæn.ɪ.məs.li/ ，表示“一致同意的/地；意见一致地；获全体支持地”，英文解释为“When a group of people are unanimous, they all agree about something or all vote for the same thing.”举个🌰：Editors were unanimous in their condemnation of the proposals. 编辑们一致谴责这些提议。The board unanimously approved the project last week. 董事会上周一致同意批准了这个项目。

bill /bɪl/ 熟词僻义，作动词，表示“把…宣传为；做广告；通过广告宣传”，英文解释为“If you bill a person or event as a particular thing, you advertise them in a way that makes people think they have particular qualities or abilities.”举个🌰：The young author was billed as "the new Beckett." 这位年轻作家被吹捧为“新贝克特”。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述奢侈品集团思索清空库存方法的文章中提到：Every frock sold by the likes of Gucci or Givenchy is billed as a must-have that season. 古驰或纪梵希之类的品牌把它们的每条裙子都标榜为当季必买。

作名词，表示“议案，法案”，英文解释为“a formal statement of a planned new law that is discussed before being voted on”举个🌰：The bill was amended (= changed). 议案被修订了。

早在“我不能呼吸了”美国警察暴力执法致黑人死亡文中就提到了，loot作动词，表示“抢劫（商店或房屋）”，英文解释为“If people loot, or loot stores or houses, they steal things from them, for example, during a war or riot.”举个🌰：Gangs began breaking windows and looting shops. 歹徒们开始砸橱窗、抢商店。 作名词，表示“战利品，掠夺物；赃物，被盗物；大量赠送（或购买）之物”。

📺美剧《破产姐妹》（2 Broke Girls）第四季中的台词提到：This is a disaster. And not the kind where I can loot. 这简直是一场灾难，而且还不是我可以趁火打劫的那种。

colonial /kəˈləʊ.ni.əl/ 表示“殖民地的；殖民主义的”，英文解释为“relating to a colony or colonialism”举个🌰：Turkey was once an important colonial power. 土耳其曾是一个显赫的殖民强国。

Lawmakers in France's National Assembly unanimously voted in favour of a bill on Monday that facilitates the return of artworks and artefacts looted from former French colonies. The French Senate had approved the draft legislation in January.

周一，法国国民议会议员一致投票通过了一项法案，该法案旨在推动归还从法国前殖民地掠夺的艺术品和文物。法国参议院已于今年一月批准了该法律草案。

facilitate /fəˈsɪl.ɪ.teɪt/ 表示“促进；促使；使便利”，英文解释为“to make something possible or easier”举个🌰：The new ramp will facilitate the entry of wheelchairs. 新坡道将方便轮椅进入。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述国内电动车行业的文章中提到：The state also facilitates the roll-out of advanced technical features for the benefit of the public at large. 政府也在提供便利来促进企业推出能造福普罗大众的先进技术功能。

artefact /ˈɑː.tə.fækt/ 表示“（尤指具有史学价值的）人工制品，制造物，手工艺品”，英文解释为“an object that is made by a person, such as a tool or a decoration, especially one that is of historical interest”举个🌰：The museum's collection includes artefacts dating back to prehistoric times. 这家博物馆的藏品包括一些史前器物。

legislation /ˌledʒ.ɪˈsleɪ.ʃən/ 表示“法律；立法”，英文解释为“a law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official by a parliament”举个🌰：The government has promised to introduce legislation to limit fuel emissions from cars. 政府许诺将通过立法来限制汽车尾气排放。

Recent requests for the restitution of artefacts have been submitted to France from countries like Algeria, Mali, and Benin.

近期，阿尔及利亚、马里和贝宁等国已向法国提出归还文物的请求。

restitution /ˌres.tɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/ 表示“赔偿；赔款；补偿”，英文解释为“payment made for damage or loss”举个🌰：The chemical company promised to make full restitution to the victims for the injury to their health. 化学制品公司承诺，对所有健康受到损害的受害者予以全额赔偿。

The bill aims to simplify the return of cultural property taken illegally from France's former colonies, particularly focusing on items taken between 1815 and 1972 - the year UNESCO's convention for the protection of cultural heritage came into force.

该法案旨在简化非法从法国前殖民地掠走文物的归还程序，尤其关注1815年至1972年间掠夺的物品——这一年，联合国教科文组织的《保护文化遗产公约》正式生效。

convention /kənˈven.ʃən/ 1）表示“大会；会议”，英文解释为“a large formal meeting of people who do a particular job or have a similar interest, or a large meeting for a political party”

2）表示“（国家或首脑间的）公约，协定，协议”，英文解释为“an official agreement between countries or leaders”如：the Geneva convention 日内瓦公约。

3）表示“传统；（尤指社会）习俗，常规，惯例”，英文解释为“a usual or accepted way of behaving, especially in social situations, often following an old way of thinking or a custom in one particular society”举个🌰：They defied/flouted/broke with convention by giving up their jobs and becoming self-sufficient. 他们离经叛道，放弃了工作，开始过自给自足的生活。

heritage /ˈher.ɪ.tɪdʒ/ 表示“遗产（指流传下来的具有历史意义的传统、语言、建筑等）”，英文解释为“features belonging to the culture of a particular society, such as traditions, languages, or buildings, that were created in the past and still have historical importance”

The long-awaited restitution legislation has been passed nearly a decade after President Emmanuel Macron's pledge to return cultural property taken from African countries.

这项期待已久的归还法案，在埃马纽埃尔·马克龙总统承诺归还从非洲国家掠夺的文化财产近十年后，终于获得通过。

pledge /pledʒ/ 1）作动词，表示“承诺，保证（做某事）；保证给予（某物）”，英文解释为“When someone pledges to do something, they promise in a serious way to do it. When they pledge something, they promise to give it.”举个🌰：He pledges support and offers to help in any way that he can. 他承诺给予支持并提供力所能及的帮助。

2）表示“抵押”，英文解释为“If you pledge something such as a valuable possession or a sum of money, you leave it with someone as a guarantee that you will repay money that you have borrowed.”举个🌰：He asked her to pledge the house as security for a loan. 他要她抵押房子作为贷款担保。

3）作名词，表示“誓言；诺言；保证”，英文解释为“When someone makes a pledge, they make a serious promise that they will do something.”举个🌰：The meeting ended with a pledge to step up cooperation between the states of the region. 会议以加快该地区州之间合作的承诺结束。

“African heritage cannot solely exist in private collections and European museums,” the French President said in a November 2017 speech in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. “Within five years I want the conditions to exist for temporary or permanent returns of African heritage to Africa.”

“非洲的文化遗产不能只存在于私人收藏和欧洲博物馆中，”法国总统于2017年11月在布基纳法索瓦加杜古发表演讲时表示，“我希望在五年内，为非洲文化遗产暂时或永久回归非洲创造条件。”

The new bill requires a state to make a request for the return of items and commit to protecting and displaying them to the public. The request will then be assessed and approved by a committee, based on evidence that the items had been acquired illegitimately or through force. Military items, public archives, and shares of archeological digs are excluded.

新法案要求相关国家提出归还物品的请求，并承诺保护和向公众展示这些物品。之后，委员会将根据物品系非法或暴力获取的证据，评估并批准相关请求。军事物品、公共档案以及考古发掘中分得的文物不在此列。

archeological = archaeological /ˌɑːr.ki.əˈlɑː.dʒɪ.kəl/ 表示“考古学的；和考古有关的”，英文解释为“involving or relating to archaeology”如：an archaeological dig/excavation 考古发掘。

While the vote on the restitution bill was unanimous, members debated the scope of the bill - particularly the dates it applies to.

尽管归还法案的表决获得一致通过，议员们仍就该法案的适用范围进行了辩论——尤其是其中涉及的起止年份。

Earlier this year, France returned the sacred Djidji Ayôkwé drum to Ivory Coast. The sacred drum was taken by colonial troops in 1916.

今年早些时候，法国将神圣的吉吉·阿约克韦鼓归还给科特迪瓦。这面圣鼓于1916年被殖民军队掠走。

sacred /ˈseɪ.krɪd/ 1）表示“（尤指因与神有关而）神圣的，值得崇敬的”，英文解释为“considered to be holy and deserving respect, especially because of a connection with a god”如：sacred relics/temples 圣物/殿。

2）表示“不容改变的，不可侵犯的”，英文解释为“considered too important to be changed”举个🌰：His daily routine is absolutely sacred to him. 对他而言，每天的日常安排绝对是不容改变的。

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