日本地震

据日本气象厅信息，当地时间20日16时53分左右，日本岩手县东部海域发生地震。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. Based on the information provided, what can be inferred about the potential tsunami threat after the initial waves were detected?

A. It was considered to be completely over within two hours.

B. The highest possible waves had already struck the coast.

C. Authorities believed larger waves might still arrive in some areas.

D. All evacuation orders were lifted immediately.

无注释原文：

Major 7.5-magnitude quake hits off Japan, triggers tsunami warnings

From: Reuters

A magnitude 7.5 earthquake struck off the northeastern coast of Japan on Monday, prompting authorities to urge residents to stay away from coastal areas where tsunami waves of up to 3 metres (10 ft) were expected.

Two hours after the tremor, which struck at 4:52 p.m., tsunami waves as high as 80 cm had been detected, though warnings remained for possible bigger waves at the top of Japan's main Honshu island, and the northern Hokkaido region.

There were no immediate reports of casualties or major damage, Japan's top government spokesperson Minoru Kihara told a news conference as night fell in the capital Tokyo.

Several port towns including Otsuchi and Kamaishi - both hard-hit by a massive earthquake and tsunami in 2011 - earlier issued evacuation orders for thousands of residents, according to public broadcaster NHK. Bullet train services were halted and some motorways were closed due to the tremors.

Big aftershocks may occur in the following days and weeks, an official from Japan's Meteorological Agency (JMA) said at a separate televised press conference.

No abnormalities reported at idled nuclear plants

The quake measured an 'upper 5' on Japan's seismic intensity scale - strong enough to make it difficult for people to move around and cause un-reinforced concrete-block walls to collapse. The tremor had an epicentre in the Pacific Ocean and was 10 km deep, JMA said.

A 3-metre tsunami could cause damage to low-lying areas by flooding buildings and carrying off anybody exposed in its currents, according to JMA.

Located in the “Ring of Fire” of volcanoes and oceanic trenches partly encircling the Pacific Basin, Japan is one of the world's most earthquake-prone countries, with a tremor occurring at least every five minutes.

It accounts for about 20% of the world's earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 or more, such as the 2011 disaster that caused nuclear meltdowns at a Fukushima power plant.

There are no nuclear power plants currently in operation in the affected areas and Hokkaido Electric Power Co and Tohoku Electric Power Co said there were no abnormalities reported at their idled facilities there.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Major 7.5-magnitude quake hits off Japan, triggers tsunami warnings

From: Reuters

A magnitude 7.5 earthquake struck off the northeastern coast of Japan on Monday, prompting authorities to urge residents to stay away from coastal areas where tsunami waves of up to 3 metres (10 ft) were expected.

周一，一场7.5级地震袭击了日本东北部沿海地区，当局随即敦促居民远离海岸地带，预计这些地区将出现高达3米（10英尺）的海啸。

magnitude /ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd/ 1）表示“（尺寸、规模、重要性等）大的程度；巨大；重大，重要性”，英文解释为“the large size or importance of something”举个🌰：They don't seem to grasp the magnitude of the problem. 他们似乎未领会问题的重要性。

2）表示“震级”（the size of an earthquake）

prompt /prɒmpt/ 作名词，1）表示“（计算机屏幕上的）提示符（显示计算机已经准备好接受指令）”，英文解释为“a sign on a computer screen that shows that the computer is ready to receive your instructions”

📍在ChatGPT火热的今天，prompt通常指的是给模型的输入，用来激发或引导模型生成特定的输出或回答。简而言之，prompt是指用户提供给语言模型的一段文字或命令，以便模型据此理解用户的需求并给出相应的响应或信息。例如，在与像ChatGPT这样的大语言模型交互时，用户提出的问题或指令就是一个“prompt”。模型会根据这个prompt的内容分析、处理并生成回答或执行相关的任务。Prompt对于大语言模型来说是非常关键的，因为它直接决定了模型如何理解和回应用户的需求。

📍prompt中文里有译为“提示词”，prompt engineering 就是“提示工程/提示词工程”

2）表示“（给演员的）提词，提白”，英文解释为“words that are spoken to an actor who has forgotten what he or she is going to say during the performance of a play”

3）作动词，表示“促使；导致；激起”，英文解释为“to make sb decide to do sth; to cause sth to happen”举个🌰：His speech prompted an angry outburst from a man in the crowd. 他的讲话激起了人群中一男子的愤怒。

📺美剧《斯巴达克斯：血与沙》（Spartacus: Blood and Sand）中的台词提到：One cannot but wonder what would prompt such an act 不知他们为何遭此不幸。

4）作动词，表示“（尤指）给（演员）提词”，英文解释为“to help someone, especially an actor, to remember what they were going to say or do”举个🌰：I forgot my line and had to be prompted. 我忘词了，只好让人提词。

tsunami /tsuːˈnɑː.mi/ 表示“海啸”，英文解释为“an extremely large wave caused by a violent movement of the earth under the sea”

Two hours after the tremor, which struck at 4:52 p.m., tsunami waves as high as 80 cm had been detected, though warnings remained for possible bigger waves at the top of Japan's main Honshu island, and the northern Hokkaido region.

地震发生于下午4点52分。两小时后，已监测到高达80厘米的海啸波。但针对日本主要岛屿本州岛北部以及北海道地区可能出现更大海浪的警报依然持续。

tremor /ˈtrem.ər/ 1）表示“轻微地震，小地震”，英文解释为“a slight earthquake”举个🌰：The tremor was felt as far as 200 miles away. 这次小震200英里以外的地方都有震感。

2）表示“（尤指因紧张或兴奋）颤抖，发抖”，英文解释为“a slight shaking movement in a person's body, especially because of nervousness or excitement”举个🌰：There was a slight tremor in her voice. 她的声音微微发颤。

There were no immediate reports of casualties or major damage, Japan's top government spokesperson Minoru Kihara told a news conference as night fell in the capital Tokyo.

在首都东京夜幕降临时，日本政府最高发言人木原稔（Minoru Kihara）于新闻发布会上表示，目前尚未收到人员伤亡或重大财产损失的即时报告。

casualty /ˈkæʒjʊəltɪ/ 1）表示“死伤者”，英文解释为“A casualty is a person who is injured or killed in a war or in an accident.”

2）表示“受害者，遇难者；毁坏物”，英文解释为“A casualty of a particular event or situation is a person or a thing that has suffered badly as a result of that event or situation.”举个🌰：The car industry has been one of the greatest casualties of the recession. 汽车工业是经济不景气最大的受害者之一。

Several port towns including Otsuchi and Kamaishi - both hard-hit by a massive earthquake and tsunami in 2011 - earlier issued evacuation orders for thousands of residents, according to public broadcaster NHK. Bullet train services were halted and some motorways were closed due to the tremors.

据NHK报道，包括大槌町（Otsuchi）和釜石市（Kamaishi）在内的数个港口城镇——两地均曾在2011年遭受大地震和海啸重创——早些时候已对数以千计的居民下达了疏散指令。受地震影响，新干线列车服务暂停，部分高速公路也已关闭。

evacuation /ɪˌvæk.juˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“撤离，撤出，疏散，转移”，英文解释为“the act of moving people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe”

halt /hɒlt/ 作名词，表示“停止，停下，中止”，英文解释为“an occasion when something stops moving or happening”如：the recent halt in production 最近的停产。

作动词，1）表示“使停住；停住”，英文解释为“When a person or a vehicle halts or when something halts them, they stop moving in the direction they were going and stand still.”举个🌰：They halted at a short distance from the house. 他们停在离房子不远处。

2）表示“使完全停止；完全停止”，英文解释为“When something such as growth, development, or activity halts or when you halt it, it stops completely.”举个🌰：Workers halted production at the auto plant yesterday. 昨天，汽车厂的工人完全停止了生产。

🎬电影《危情时速》（Unstoppable）中的台词提到：Emergency responders want to halt all activity near the line 应急响应人员打算停止铁路附近的所有活动。

Big aftershocks may occur in the following days and weeks, an official from Japan's Meteorological Agency (JMA) said at a separate televised press conference.

日本气象厅（Japan Meteorological Agency, JMA）的一名官员在另一场电视新闻发布会上表示，未来数日乃至数周内，可能还会发生较大的余震。

aftershock /ˈɑːf.tə.ʃɒk/ 表示“（地震后的）余震”，英文解释为“a sudden movement of the earth's surface that often follows an earthquake and is less violent than the first main movement”举个🌰：The initial earthquake was followed by a series of aftershocks. 初震后又发生了一系列的余震。

meteorological /ˌmiː.ti.ə.rəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ 表示“气象的”，英文解释为“relating to weather conditions”举个🌰：Accurate meteorological records began 100 years ago. 准确的气象记录始于100年前。

No abnormalities reported at idled nuclear plants 闲置核电站未报告异常

The quake measured an 'upper 5' on Japan's seismic intensity scale - strong enough to make it difficult for people to move around and cause un-reinforced concrete-block walls to collapse. The tremor had an epicentre in the Pacific Ocean and was 10 km deep, JMA said.

此次地震在日本地震烈度表上被定为“5强”级别——其强度足以让人行动困难，并可能导致未加固的混凝土砌块墙倒塌。日本气象厅表示，此次地震震中位于太平洋，震源深度为10公里。

abnormality /ˌæb.nɔːrˈmæl.ə.t̬i/ 表示“（通常指身体的）反常；异常；变态；紊乱”，英文解释为“something abnormal, usually in the body”如：genetic/congenital abnormalities 遗传变异/先天畸形。

idled /ˈaɪ.dəld/ 表示“（工厂、设备等）闲置的，停运的”，英文解释为“not in operation or not being used”如：idled factories 闲置的工厂，idled nuclear plants 停运的核电站。

seismic /ˈsaɪzmɪk/ 1）表示“地震的；地震引起的”，英文解释为“Seismic means caused by or relating to an earthquake.”举个🌰：Earthquakes produce two types of seismic waves. 地震产生两种类型的地震波。

2）表示“突然的；造成严重破坏的”，英文解释为“A seismic shift or change is a very sudden or dramatic change.”举个🌰：I have never seen such a seismic shift in public opinion in such a short period of time. 我从来没有见过公众舆论在这么短的时间内发生如此突然的转变。

🎬电影《哥斯拉》（Godzilla）中的台词提到：We are showing seismic activity to the east near Livermore. 东边靠近利弗莫尔处发现地震活动。

unreinforced /ˌʌn.rɪ.ɪnˈfɔːrst/ 表示“未加固的；无钢筋的”，英文解释为“not strengthened or supported by additional material, especially in construction”如：unreinforced concrete-block walls 未加固的混凝土砌块墙，unreinforced masonry 无筋砌体。

epicentre /ˈep.ɪ.sen.tər/ 表示“（地震）震中；（原子弹爆炸的）中心，爆炸点”，英文解释为“the point on the earth's surface directly above an earthquake or atomic explosion”

A 3-metre tsunami could cause damage to low-lying areas by flooding buildings and carrying off anybody exposed in its currents, according to JMA.

日本气象厅指出，3米高的海啸可能淹没低洼地区的建筑物，并卷走身处水流中的人员，从而造成破坏。

current作名词，熟词僻义，表示“水流；气流；电流”，英文解释为“a movement of water, air, or electricity in a particular direction”如：to swim against/with the current 逆流/顺流而游。

Located in the “Ring of Fire” of volcanoes and oceanic trenches partly encircling the Pacific Basin, Japan is one of the world's most earthquake-prone countries, with a tremor occurring at least every five minutes.

日本地处部分环绕太平洋盆地的火山和海沟构成的“火环带”（Ring of Fire）上，是全球地震最频发的国家之一，平均至少每五分钟就会发生一次震动。

trench /trentʃ/ 表示“壕沟；沟渠”，英文解释为“a narrow hole that is dug into the ground”举个🌰：A workman was killed when the sides of the trench he was working in collapsed. 一名工人在挖壕沟时由于两侧坍塌而丧生。

📍ocean trench表示“海沟；大洋沟”，英文解释为“a long deep narrow hole in the ocean floor”

encircle /ɪnˈsɜː.kəl/ 表示“围绕；环绕”，英文解释为“to surround something, forming a circle around it”举个🌰：The house is encircled by a high fence. 房屋四周围着高高的栅栏。

It accounts for about 20% of the world's earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 or more, such as the 2011 disaster that caused nuclear meltdowns at a Fukushima power plant.

全球约20%的6.0级及以上地震发生在日本，例如2011年那场导致福岛核电站发生堆芯熔毁的灾难。

meltdown /ˈmelt.daʊn/ 1）表示“（核反应堆的）堆芯熔毁”，英文解释为“If there is meltdown in a nuclear reactor, the fuel rods start melting because of a failure in the system, and radiation starts to escape.”

2）表示“崩溃（指一个人极度悲伤而不能应对生活）”，英文解释为“an occasion when a person becomes extremely upset and is not able to deal with a problem or situation”

There are no nuclear power plants currently in operation in the affected areas and Hokkaido Electric Power Co and Tohoku Electric Power Co said there were no abnormalities reported at their idled facilities there.

目前受灾地区没有正在运行的核电站，北海道电力和东北电力公司均表示，当地已停运的核电站设施未发现异常情况。

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