大西洋一邮轮出现汉坦病毒疫情

近日，一艘搭载近150人的荷兰极地邮轮暴发罕见的汉坦病毒疫情，已致3名乘客死亡、多人感染，密闭空间内疑似出现人际传播迹象，引发全球公共卫生关注。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the Andes strain of hantavirus?

A. It is the most common strain found in rodents worldwide.

B. It can be transmitted from person to person, but such cases are uncommon.

C. It is primarily spread through contaminated food and water.

D. It was first identified on a cruise ship in the Atlantic Ocean.

无注释原文：

Should You Worry About Hantavirus?

From: The New York Times

An outbreak of hantavirus aboard a cruise ship in the Atlantic Ocean has heightened concerns about the rare but deadly virus. Public health officials say that the threat to the general public remains low based on what we know about the virus and how it spreads.

There are many different strains of hantavirus, said Dr. Gaby Frank, director of the Johns Hopkins Special Pathogens Center in Baltimore. Laboratory testing has shown that the cruise outbreak involves the Andes strain, which is endemic to South America, including Argentina, where the ship departed on April 1. Dr. Maria Van Kerkhove, head of epidemic and pandemic preparedness and prevention at the W.H.O., said the initial cases of hantavirus were in a couple believed to be infected before they boarded in Argentina.

Most forms of hantavirus spread through contact with the feces, urine and saliva of infected rodents, including when humans breathe in particles of the virus. The Andes virus is the only strain known to spread from human to human, though such cases are rare.

Unlike the flu, Covid or even the common cold, it's exceedingly difficult for the Andes strain to move between people, said Bryce Warner, a research scientist at the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization at the University of Saskatchewan who has extensively researched hantavirus.

The flu and Covid primarily spread from the upper respiratory tract and replicate in high levels. Hantavirus sheds less easily, and also burrows deep into the lungs and infects blood vessels. “It's not very easy for the virus to get out,” Dr. Warner said.

Those at highest risk of person-to-person transmission are people who have been in close quarters for prolonged periods of time with someone who has been infected, like health care workers or those who share a household. Two of the passengers who died on the ship were a married couple. The ship's doctor showed symptoms of the virus and was evacuated from the ship. It isn't clear yet how other people on board may have been infected.

Dr. Van Kerkhove has said that some of the cases were in close contact with one another, and that “human-to-human transmission can't be ruled out.”

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Should You Worry About Hantavirus?

From: The New York Times

An outbreak of hantavirus aboard a cruise ship in the Atlantic Ocean has heightened concerns about the rare but deadly virus. Public health officials say that the threat to the general public remains low based on what we know about the virus and how it spreads.

大西洋一艘邮轮上爆发的汉坦病毒疫情加剧了人们对这种罕见但致命病毒的担忧。公共卫生官员表示，基于目前对该病毒及其传播方式的认知，该病毒对普通公众的威胁依然较低。

aboard /əˈbɔːd/ 表示“上船（或飞机、公共汽车、火车等）；在船（或飞机、公共汽车、火车等）上”，英文解释为“on or onto a ship, aircraft, bus, or train”举个🌰：The flight attendant welcomed us aboard. 乘务员迎候我们登机。We spent two months aboard ship (= on the ship). 我们坐了两个月的船。

cruise ship /ˈkruːz ˌʃɪp/ 表示“大型游轮”，英文解释为“a large ship like a hotel, that people travel on for pleasure”

cruise /kruːz/ 表示“（船只或飞机）巡航，以平稳的速度航行”，英文解释为“If a ship or aircraft cruises, it travels at a continuous speed.”

heighten /ˈhaɪ.tən/ 表示“（使）（尤指某种情绪或效果）增强，加强”，英文解释为“to increase or make something increase, especially an emotion or effect”举个🌰：The strong police presence only heightened the tension among the crowd. 大批警察的出现只能使人群更加紧张。

There are many different strains of hantavirus, said Dr. Gaby Frank, director of the Johns Hopkins Special Pathogens Center in Baltimore. Laboratory testing has shown that the cruise outbreak involves the Andes strain, which is endemic to South America, including Argentina, where the ship departed on April 1. Dr. Maria Van Kerkhove, head of epidemic and pandemic preparedness and prevention at the W.H.O., said the initial cases of hantavirus were in a couple believed to be infected before they boarded in Argentina.

巴尔的摩约翰斯·霍普金斯大学特殊病原体中心主任加比·弗兰克博士表示，汉坦病毒存在多种不同毒株。实验室检测确认，本次邮轮疫情的致病原为安第斯毒株，该毒株是南美洲的地方性流行毒株，这艘邮轮4月1日正是从阿根廷启航。世界卫生组织流行病与大流行病预备及预防负责人玛丽亚·范·科克霍夫博士称，本次疫情最初的汉坦病毒感染病例为一对夫妇，据信他们在阿根廷登船前就已被感染。

strain /streɪn/ 1）表示“压力；重负；重压之下出现的问题（或担忧等）”，英文解释为“pressure on sb/sth because they have too much to do or manage, or sth very difficult to deal with; the problems, worry or anxiety that this produces”举个🌰：You will learn to cope with the stresses and strains of public life. 你要学会怎样应付公众人物生活的紧张和辛劳。

2）表示“（动植物的）品系，株系，品种”，英文解释为“an animal or plant from a particular group whose characteristics are different in some way from others of the same group”举个🌰：Scientists have discovered a new strain of the virus which is much more dangerous. 科学家们已经发现了一种危险得多的新病毒。

📍此前9000名乘客因鼻拭子重复使用受害文中出现的例句：The health ministry confirmed this week that it had recorded two cases of the more infectious strain that was first detected in India. 卫生部本周证实，已发现了两例在印度首次发现的更具传染性的病毒株。

3）表示“（肌肉等软组织的）损伤，拉伤，扭伤”，英文解释为“an injury to a muscle or similar soft part of the body caused by using that part too much”如：a groin/hamstring strain 腹股沟/腘旁腱拉伤。

4）strains 表示“旋律；曲调”，英文解释为“the sound of music being played or performed”举个🌰：I could hear the strains of Mozart in the background. 我听见背景音中有莫扎特的旋律。

endemic /enˈdem.ɪk/ 表示“（尤指疾病或情况）地方性的；（在某地或某些人中）特有的，流行的”，英文解释为“especially of a disease or a condition, regularly found and very common among a particular group or in a particular area”举个🌰：Malaria is endemic in many of the hotter regions of the world. 疟疾流行于世界上许多气候较炎热地区。

depart /dɪˈpɑːt/ 表示“出发，动身，启程”，英文解释为“to go away or leave, especially on a journey”举个🌰：The plane departs at 6 a.m. 那架飞机早晨6点钟起飞。

depart from sth 表示“脱离，背离，偏离”，英文解释为“to be different from the usual or expected way of doing or thinking about something”举个🌰：I see no reason for us to depart from our usual practice. 我看不出有打破惯例的必要。

epidemic /ˌep.ɪˈdem.ɪk/ 1）表示“（疾病的）流行，传染”，英文解释为“the appearance of a particular disease in a large number of people at the same time”如：a flu epidemic 流感的传播。

2）表示“泛滥；蔓延”，英文解释为“a particular problem that seriously affects many people at the same time”如：a crime epidemic 犯罪频发。

1）作名词，表示“（全国或全球性）流行病；大流行病”，英文解释为“a disease that spreads over a whole country or the whole world”

2）作形容词，表示“（疾病）大规模流行的，广泛蔓延的”，英文解释为“(of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or plants”举个🌰：In some parts of the world malaria is still pandemic. 在世界上一些地区疟疾仍在大规模流行。

Most forms of hantavirus spread through contact with the feces, urine and saliva of infected rodents, including when humans breathe in particles of the virus. The Andes virus is the only strain known to spread from human to human, though such cases are rare.

大多数汉坦病毒毒株通过接触受感染啮齿动物的粪便、尿液和唾液传播，包括人类吸入含病毒气溶胶颗粒的情况。安第斯病毒是目前已知唯一可发生人传人的汉坦病毒毒株，不过此类传播病例十分罕见。

英式 faeces /ˈfiː.siːz/ 美式：feces，表示“粪便；排泄物”，英文解释为“the solid waste passed out of the body of a human or animal through the bowels”举个🌰：The disease is spread by the contamination of food and water by faeces. 这种疾病是由排泄物造成的食物和水源污染传播的。

urine /ˈjʊə.rɪn/ 表示“尿液，小便”，英文解释为“the yellowish liquid waste that is released from the body when you urinate”

saliva /səˈlaɪvə/ 表示“唾液”，英文解释为“Saliva is the watery liquid that forms in your mouth and helps you to chew and digest food.”

rodent /ˈrəʊ.dənt/ 表示“啮齿动物（如老鼠等）”，英文解释为“any of various small mammals with large, sharp front teeth, such as mice and rats”

particle /ˈpɑː.tɪ.kəl/ 表示“微粒，粒子”，英文解释为“an extremely small piece of matter”举个🌰：Electrons are atomic particles. 电子是原子粒子。

Unlike the flu, Covid or even the common cold, it's exceedingly difficult for the Andes strain to move between people, said Bryce Warner, a research scientist at the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization at the University of Saskatchewan who has extensively researched hantavirus.

萨斯喀彻温大学疫苗与传染病研究所长期致力于汉坦病毒研究的研究科学家布莱斯·沃纳表示，与流感、新冠甚至普通感冒不同，安第斯毒株的人际间传播难度极高。

exceedingly /ɪkˈsiː.dɪŋ.li/ 表示“非常；特别；极其”，英文解释为“to a very great degree”举个🌰：He was clever, handsome, and exceedingly rich. 他聪明、英俊，且非常富有。

The flu and Covid primarily spread from the upper respiratory tract and replicate in high levels. Hantavirus sheds less easily, and also burrows deep into the lungs and infects blood vessels. “It's not very easy for the virus to get out,” Dr. Warner said.

流感和新冠病毒主要在上呼吸道复制，并在体内大量复制。而汉坦病毒不仅难以排出体外，还会深入肺部组织、感染血管。沃纳说：“这种病毒很难从人体中排出。”

respiratory tract /rɪˈspɪr.ə.tər.i ˌtrækt/ 表示“呼吸道”，英文解释为“the parts of the body that air passes through during the act of breathing, consisting of the mouth, nose, throat, and lungs”如：upper respiratory tract infections such as the common cold 上呼吸道感染，如普通感冒。

replicate /ˈrep.lɪ.keɪt/ 表示“使复现；重复；复制”，英文解释为“to make or do something again in exactly the same way”举个🌰：Researchers tried many times to replicate the original experiment. 研究者们作了很多次努力，试图重复这一实验。

shed /ʃed/ 作名词，表示“（通常为木质、存放物品用的）棚子，小屋”，英文解释为“a small building, usually made of wood, used for storing things”如：a tool/storage shed 工具/储物棚，a garden/bicycle shed 花园/自行车棚。

作动词，shed 1）表示“使脱落；使掉落；蜕；脱”，英文解释为“to lose a covering, such as leaves, hair, or skin, because it falls off naturally, or to drop something in a natural way or by accident”举个🌰：The trees shed their leaves in autumn. 树木在秋天落叶。

2）表示“（常为报刊用语）去除，摆脱”，英文解释为“(often used in newspapers) to get rid of something you do not need or want”举个🌰：900 jobs will be shed over the next few months. 接下来几个月中要裁减900个职位。

📍shed tears, blood, light, etc. 表示“流泪/流血/发光（等等）”，英文解释为“to produce tears, light, blood, etc.”举个🌰：She shed a few tears at her daughter's wedding. 她在女儿的婚礼上流下了泪。

📍shed no tears字面意思“不流一滴眼泪”，其引申义是：（为某人或某事）不感到悲伤，毫不惋惜，毫不同情。举个🌰：The old, inefficient factory closed down. The shareholders shed no tears over its demise, as it had been losing money for years. 那座低效的老工厂倒闭了。股东们对此毫不惋惜，因为它已经亏损多年了。

burrow /ˈbʌr.əʊ/ 1）表示“（尤指为居住）打洞，掘洞”，英文解释为“to dig a hole in the ground, especially to live in”举个🌰：Rats had burrowed into the bank of the river. 老鼠在河岸上打了洞。

2）表示“（舒适、温暖或安全地）躲进，钻入；偎依”，英文解释为“to move yourself into a position where you can feel warm, comfortable, or safe”举个🌰：Suddenly shy, our young daughter burrowed her head into my shoulder. 我们的小女儿突然感到害羞了，将头靠在我的肩膀上。

blood vessel /ˈblʌd ˌves.əl/ 表示“血管”，英文解释为“any of the tubes through which blood flows in the body”

Those at highest risk of person-to-person transmission are people who have been in close quarters for prolonged periods of time with someone who has been infected, like health care workers or those who share a household. Two of the passengers who died on the ship were a married couple. The ship's doctor showed symptoms of the virus and was evacuated from the ship. It isn't clear yet how other people on board may have been infected.

人际传播的最高风险人群是与感染者长期处于密闭空间的人，比如医护人员或共同居住者。本次邮轮上两名死亡的乘客是一对夫妻，随船医生出现病毒感染症状后已被撤离船只。目前尚不清楚船上其他人员的感染途径。

表示“（尤指仆人或部队的）住处；营地”，英文解释为“a room or house that has been provided, especially for servants or soldiers and their families, to live in”举个🌰：married quarters The army's married quarters are just outside the town. 已婚军人的营房就在城外不远的地方。

evacuate /ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt/ 表示“疏散; 使…撤离”，英文解释为“To evacuate someone means to send them to a place of safety, away from a dangerous building, town, or area.”举个🌰：They were planning to evacuate the ten officials still in the country. 他们当时在计划将仍在那个国家的10位官员撤离。

Dr. Van Kerkhove has said that some of the cases were in close contact with one another, and that “human-to-human transmission can't be ruled out.”

范·科克霍夫博士表示，部分病例之间存在密切接触，且“无法排除人传人的可能性”。

rule sth/sb out 1）表示“把…排除在外；拒绝考虑”，英文解释为“to decide or say officially that something is impossible or will not happen, or that something or someone is not suitable”举个🌰：The police haven't yet ruled out murder. 警察尚未排除谋杀的可能性。

2）表示“使…成为不可能，使…不可能发生；防止”，英文解释为“to prevent something from happening”举个🌰：This recent wave of terrorism has ruled out any chance of peace talks. 最近的这一波恐怖行动已经使得任何和谈的机会都化为泡影。

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