研究发现梦境不只是过往的映照

近日，一项研究发现，梦境并非仅仅是过往经历的随机回放，而是受到个人特质以及重大生活事件（如疫情）共同塑造的动态过程。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the passage, which of the following is a characteristic of dreams compared to waking experiences?

A. Dreams are more self-focused and driven by conscious thinking.

B. Dreams contain fewer visual details and characters.

C. Dreams are less logical and less self-focused.

D. Dreams are more logical and less immersive.

无注释原文：

Dreams May Reflect More Than Past Experiences, New Study Finds

From: The Debrief

Dreams can seem to occur at random, from everyday scenarios to unpredictable, surreal experiences. Now, a new study shows that our personal traits as well as real-life events and experiences actually shape what we dream about, creating patterns in our subconscious.

The study, published in Communications Psychology, analyzed thousands of dream and waking experience reports collected over four years. The researchers used natural language processing tools to quantify the structure of dreams. They found that personal traits like how often someone daydreams, their attitudes about dreams, and their sleep quality all influence dream content. Major shared life events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, also impacted what people dreamed about.

“Our findings show that dreams are not just a reflection of past experiences, but a dynamic process shaped by who we are and what we live through,” said Valentina Elce, researcher at the IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca and lead author of the study.

When researchers compared participants' reported dream experiences with situations they reported experiencing while awake, they noticed that dreams don't simply replay scenarios from our daily lives. Instead, dreams seem to mix familiar places like workplaces, hospitals, and schools into new scenes that blend memories with imagination. Compared to reported waking experiences, the reported dreams tended to focus more on visual details, feature more characters, and make less logical sense. They were also less self-focused and less driven by conscious thinking.

These dream transformations weren't the same for everyone. Participants who spent more time daydreaming during the day tended to have dreams that jumped rapidly from one scene to another. Those who placed more importance on dreams described them as more vivid and immersive. Sleep quality also played a role: participants who slept poorly showed different patterns in dream content when compared with those who slept better.

The team used three large language models, LLaMA 3, ChatGPT-4, and ChatGPT-4 Turbo, to rate dream reports on 16 different features, such as mood, excitement, strangeness, social content, spatial details, and freedom of movement. They combined the scores from the three models and checked them against human ratings. The results showed that these language processing tools could analyze the structure of dream reports as reliably as trained human evaluators. This finding could have uses that extend far beyond this study.

“By combining large-scale data with computational methods, we were able to uncover patterns in dream content that were previously difficult to detect,” Elce said. “This opens new possibilities for studying consciousness, memory, and mental health in a scalable and reproducible way.”

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为AI翻译，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Dreams May Reflect More Than Past Experiences, New Study Finds

From: The Debrief

Dreams can seem to occur at random, from everyday scenarios to unpredictable, surreal experiences. Now, a new study shows that our personal traits as well as real-life events and experiences actually shape what we dream about, creating patterns in our subconscious.

梦境看似随机发生，从日常场景到不可预测的超现实体验，无所不包。然而，一项新研究表明，我们的个人特质以及现实生活中的事件和经历，实际上共同塑造了梦境内容，并在潜意识中形成了特定模式。

scenario /sɪˈnɑːrɪˌəʊ/表示“场景；设想；可能的情况；可能发生的事态”，英文解释为“If you talk about a likely or possible scenario, you are talking about the way in which a situation may develop.”举个🌰：There are several possible scenarios. 有几种可能出现的局面。

surreal /səˈrɪəl/ 表示“离奇的；怪诞的；梦幻般的；超现实的”，英文解释为“very strange; more like a dream than reality, with ideas and images mixed together in a strange way”

trait /treɪt/ 表示“（个人的）特征，特性，品质”，英文解释为“a particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behaviour”举个🌰：His sense of humour is one of his better traits. 具有幽默感是他更讨人喜欢的特点之一。

subconscious /ˌsʌbˈkɒn.ʃəs/ 表示“潜意识，下意识”，英文解释为“the part of your mind that notices and remembers information when you are not actively trying to do so, and influences your behaviour even though you do not realize it”举个🌰：The memory was buried deep within my subconscious. 那段记忆深深埋藏在我的潜意识里。

The study, published in Communications Psychology, analyzed thousands of dream and waking experience reports collected over four years. The researchers used natural language processing tools to quantify the structure of dreams. They found that personal traits like how often someone daydreams, their attitudes about dreams, and their sleep quality all influence dream content. Major shared life events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, also impacted what people dreamed about.

这项研究发表在《通讯心理学》（Communications Psychology）期刊上，分析了四年间收集的数千份梦境与清醒体验报告。研究人员利用自然语言处理工具，对梦境结构进行了量化分析。他们发现，个人特质——例如做白日梦的频率、对梦的态度以及睡眠质量——都会影响梦境内容。此外，像新冠疫情（COVID-19）这样的重大共同生活事件，也会对人们的梦境产生影响。

quantify /ˈkwɒn.tɪ.faɪ/ 表示“以数量表述；量化；确定…的大小（或数量）”，英文解释为“to measure or judge the size or amount of something”举个🌰：It's difficult to quantify how many people will be affected by the change. 很难确定将有多少人受到该变化的影响。

“Our findings show that dreams are not just a reflection of past experiences, but a dynamic process shaped by who we are and what we live through,” said Valentina Elce, researcher at the IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca and lead author of the study.

“我们的发现表明，梦境不仅仅是过去经历的反映，而是一个动态过程，由我们的身份和经历共同塑造而成，”该研究的主要作者、卢卡IMT高等研究院（IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca）的研究员瓦伦蒂娜·埃尔切（Valentina Elce）表示。

dynamic /daɪˈnæm.ɪk/ 1）表示“思维活跃的；活泼的，充满活力的，精力充沛的”，英文解释为“having a lot of ideas and enthusiasm”举个🌰：She's young and dynamic and will be a great addition to the team. 她年轻活泼，会给团队增添不少活力。

2）表示“不断变化的；不断发展的”，英文解释为“continuously changing or developing”举个🌰：Business innovation is a dynamic process. 商业革新是一个不断变化发展的过程。

When researchers compared participants' reported dream experiences with situations they reported experiencing while awake, they noticed that dreams don't simply replay scenarios from our daily lives. Instead, dreams seem to mix familiar places like workplaces, hospitals, and schools into new scenes that blend memories with imagination. Compared to reported waking experiences, the reported dreams tended to focus more on visual details, feature more characters, and make less logical sense. They were also less self-focused and less driven by conscious thinking.

研究人员将参与者报告的梦境体验与清醒时的经历进行对比后发现，梦境并非简单重放日常生活场景。相反，梦境似乎将工作场所、医院、学校等熟悉地点混合成新场景，巧妙融合了记忆与想象。与清醒时的体验相比，梦境更注重视觉细节，角色更多，逻辑性更弱，也更少以自我为中心，更少受有意识思维的驱动。

blend /blend/ 表示“（使）混合，（使）混杂;（使）交融”，英文解释为“to mix or combine together”举个🌰：Blend the ingredients into a smooth paste. 将这些原料混和成均匀的糊状。

These dream transformations weren't the same for everyone. Participants who spent more time daydreaming during the day tended to have dreams that jumped rapidly from one scene to another. Those who placed more importance on dreams described them as more vivid and immersive. Sleep quality also played a role: participants who slept poorly showed different patterns in dream content when compared with those who slept better.

这些梦境变化并非人人相同。白天做白日梦较多的参与者，其梦境往往从一个场景快速跳跃到另一个场景。更重视梦的人则描述梦境更加生动、更具沉浸感。睡眠质量也发挥了作用：与睡眠较好的人相比，睡眠较差的参与者在梦境内容上呈现出不同模式。

vivid /ˈvɪv.ɪd/ 表示“（描述、记忆等）栩栩如生的，鲜活的，生动的”，英文解释为“Vivid descriptions, memories, etc. produce very clear, powerful, and detailed images in the mind”举个🌰：He gave a very vivid and often shocking account/description of his time in prison. 他生动地讲述/描述了他的狱中生活，他说的常让人觉得很震惊。

immersive /ɪˈmɜː.sɪv/ 表示“沉浸式的；沉浸感的；身临其境的”，英文解释为“seeming to surround the audience, player, etc. so that they feel completely involved in something”如：an immersive theatrical experience 身临其境的剧场体验。

The team used three large language models, LLaMA 3, ChatGPT-4, and ChatGPT-4 Turbo, to rate dream reports on 16 different features, such as mood, excitement, strangeness, social content, spatial details, and freedom of movement. They combined the scores from the three models and checked them against human ratings. The results showed that these language processing tools could analyze the structure of dream reports as reliably as trained human evaluators. This finding could have uses that extend far beyond this study.

研究团队使用了三个大语言模型——LLaMA 3、ChatGPT-4和ChatGPT-4 Turbo——对梦境报告在16个不同特征上进行评分，这些特征包括情绪、兴奋度、奇异度、社交内容、空间细节和行动自由度。他们综合了三个模型的评分，并与人类评分进行了比对。结果表明，这些语言处理工具能够像经过训练的人类评估员一样可靠地分析梦境报告的结构。这一发现可能具有远超本研究范围的用途。

spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/ 表示“空间的”，英文解释为“relating to the position, area, and size of things”举个🌰：This task is designed to test children's spatial awareness (= their understanding of where things are in relation to other things). 这一任务是为测试孩子的空间意识而设计的。

“By combining large-scale data with computational methods, we were able to uncover patterns in dream content that were previously difficult to detect,” Elce said. “This opens new possibilities for studying consciousness, memory, and mental health in a scalable and reproducible way.”

“通过将大规模数据与计算方法相结合，我们得以揭示出以前难以检测到的梦境内容模式，”埃尔切说。“这为以可扩展和可重复的方式研究意识、记忆和心理健康开辟了新的可能性。”

scalable /ˈskeɪ.lə.bəl/ 1）表示“（商务或系统）可扩增的”，英文解释为“used to describe a business or system that is able to grow or to be made larger”举个🌰：To receive funding they will have to demonstrate that their idea is scalable from school level to state level. 为了获得资金，他们必须展示他们的设想可以从学校扩增到州一级水平。

2）表示“可增大的”，英文解释为“able to be made larger in size”举个🌰：There are 13 scaleable fonts built into the printer. 打印机内置了13种可增大的字体。

reproducible /ˌriː.prəˈdʒuː.sə.bəl/ 表示“能再生的；能再制造的；能再现的”，英文解释为“able to be shown, done, or made again”举个🌰：The method produces statistically reliable and reproducible results. 该方法产生的结果具有统计学上的可靠性和可重复性。

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