法国一男子捏造诺奖级奖项骗学界10年

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🤔️小作业：

1. According to the passage, what triggered the investigation into Montaclair's activities?

A. A newspaper report in Besançon questioning his Nobel shortlist.

B. The discovery of his fake university in Delaware.

C. His nomination of a Romanian scholar for the prize.

D. The amateurish design of the society's website.

无注释原文：

French professor investigated for awarding himself fake prize

From: BBC

A French academic is under investigation for inventing a Nobel-style prize for philology in order that he could then go on to win it.

Florent Montaclair, from Besançon in eastern France, was decorated with the Gold Medal of Philology in 2016 at a ceremony held at the National Assembly in Paris, attended by ministers and Nobel laureates.

But the prize was a fiction, as was the body that supposedly awarded it, the International Society of Philology - both apparently dreamed up by Montaclair to burnish his academic credentials.

Philology is the study of language through texts.

Investigators in Besançon are now looking into the affair to see if any laws were broken, while the university where Montaclair taught for 20 years has suspended him indefinitely.

"It's such an unlikely tale, it could be out of a film," said Paul-Edouard Lallois, the prosecutor in charge of the enquiry.

According to Lallois, Montaclair began his invention in 2015, around the time a Besançon newspaper carried a story headlined: "Local man on shortlist for Nobel."

The report said that Montaclair was down to the last five for the prestigious international award.

In December, he was reported to have won it, and in June the following year the awards ceremony took place in Paris.

Then later that year the story reached a new level when Montaclair welcomed the celebrated US philosopher and linguist Noam Chomsky, then aged 88, at a ceremony in Brussels and awarded him an honorary gold medal from the International Society.

Video of the ceremony can be seen online, as can the website of the society, which gives a list of laureates going back to 1967, including the Italian writer Umberto Eco.

The amateurishness of the website should perhaps have raised questions.

Meanwhile, Montaclair had further polished his CV by claiming a doctorate in French literature and grammar issued by the University of Philology and Education situated in Lewes in the US state of Delaware. No record of this university exists.

"The gold medal for philology is a pure creation of Mr Florent Montaclair, who awarded it to himself via the intervention of this learned society, which he himself had evidently created, and this university, which only exists on an internet site," said Lallois.

The whole affair was uncovered after Montaclair named a Romanian philologist Eugen Simion as the next recipient of the prize.

The story created a sensation in Romania but prompted a team of suspicious journalists there to start asking questions.

But even when the reality emerged in 2019, it passed unnoticed in France, where Montaclair continued his work at the university.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为AI翻译，仅供参考

含注释全文：

French professor investigated for awarding himself fake prize

From: BBC

A French academic is under investigation for inventing a Nobel-style prize for philology in order that he could then go on to win it.

一名法国学者因捏造了一个诺贝尔奖级别的语文学奖项并让自己获奖，目前正接受调查。

philology /fɪˈlɒl.ə.dʒi/ 表示“语文学（语言学的旧名）；文献学”，英文解释为“the study of language, especially its history and development”

Florent Montaclair, from Besançon in eastern France, was decorated with the Gold Medal of Philology in 2016 at a ceremony held at the National Assembly in Paris, attended by ministers and Nobel laureates.

来自法国东部贝桑松的弗洛朗·蒙塔克莱尔（Florent Montaclair），于2016年在巴黎国民议会举行的一场典礼上被授予“语文学金奖”，当时多位部长和诺贝尔奖得主也出席了活动

decorate /ˈdek.ə.reɪt/ 表示“（尤指授予奖章以）嘉奖，表彰”，英文解释为“to reward or honour a person by giving them something, especially a medal”举个🌰：They were decorated for their part in the rescue. 他们因在此次救援行动中的表现而受到嘉奖。

decorated作形容词时，表示“荣获殊荣的”、“获奖众多的”、“荣誉等身的”，如：the most decorated athlete 获得奖牌/荣誉最多的运动员，a highly decorated veteran 荣获多项勋章的退伍军人，a decorated career 硕果累累的职业生涯。

assembly /əˈsem.bli/ 1）表示“（尤指为特定目的而经常）聚集在一起的人，（所有）与会者；集合，聚集”，英文解释为“a group of people, especially one that meets regularly for a particular purpose, such as government, or, more generally, the process of coming together, or the state of being together”如：the United Nations General Assembly 联合国大会。

2）表示“（多个班级参加的）集体活动，集会”，英文解释为“a meeting in a school of several classes, usually at the beginning of the school day, to give information or to say prayers together”举个🌰：All pupils are expected to attend school assembly. 所有学生都要参加校会。

3）表示“装配；组装；组合体；总成”，英文解释为“the process of putting together the parts of sth such as a vehicle or piece of furniture”举个🌰：Putting the bookcase together should be a simple assembly job. 组装书橱应该是个简单的装配活。

laureate /ˈlɔːrɪɪt/ 表示“荣誉获得者；获奖者”，英文解释为“a person who has been given an official honour or prize for sth important they have achieved”如：a Nobel laureate 诺贝尔奖获得者。

But the prize was a fiction, as was the body that supposedly awarded it, the International Society of Philology - both apparently dreamed up by Montaclair to burnish his academic credentials.

然而，这个奖项纯属虚构，那个据称颁发该奖项的机构——国际语文学会（International Society of Philology）——也是子虚乌有；两者显然都是蒙塔克莱尔为了给自己的学术履历增光添彩而凭空编造出来的。

fiction /ˈfɪk.ʃən/ 除了表示“小说”，还可以表示“虚构的事；谎言”，英文解释为“a false report or statement that you pretend is true”举个🌰：At work she kept up the fiction that she had a university degree. 工作中，她一直谎称自己有大学学历。

burnish /ˈbɜː.nɪʃ/ 1）表示“擦亮；使有光泽”，英文解释为“to rub metal until it is smooth and shiny”

2）表示“给…增色；改善（公众形象）”，英文解释为“If you burnish something such as your public image, you take action to improve it and make it more attractive.”举个🌰：The company is currently trying to burnish its socially responsible image. 公司目前正在努力改善形象，把自己塑造成一个有社会责任感的公司。

credential /krɪˈden.ʃəl/ 一般用复数credentials，表示“（表明某人有资格做某事的）资历；（身份或资格的）证明文件；资格证书；证明书；证件”，英文解释为“Someone's credentials are their previous achievements, training, and general background, which indicate that they are qualified to do something. Someone's credentials are a letter or certificate that proves their identity or qualifications.”如：her credentials as a specialist 她作为一名研究专家的资历。举个🌰：All the candidates had excellent academic credentials. 所有候选人都具有优秀的学历。

credentialed /krɪˈden.ʃəld/ 表示“经认证的”，英文解释为“having the abilities or experience that make a person suitable for a particular job or activity, or having official proof of your abilities or experience”

Philology is the study of language through texts.

语文学是一门通过文本来研究语言的学问。

Investigators in Besançon are now looking into the affair to see if any laws were broken, while the university where Montaclair taught for 20 years has suspended him indefinitely.

目前，贝桑松的调查人员正在调查此事，以确认是否有违法行为；而蒙塔克莱尔任教了20年的大学已对他做出无限期停职处理。

"It's such an unlikely tale, it could be out of a film," said Paul-Edouard Lallois, the prosecutor in charge of the enquiry.

“这太离奇了，简直像是电影里的情节，”负责调查的检察官保罗-爱德华·拉卢瓦（Paul-Edouard Lallois）感叹道。

According to Lallois, Montaclair began his invention in 2015, around the time a Besançon newspaper carried a story headlined: "Local man on shortlist for Nobel."

据拉卢瓦透露，蒙塔克莱尔从2015年开始策划这场骗局，大约在同一时期，贝桑松当地一家报纸刊登了一篇题为“本地人入选诺贝尔奖候选名单”的报道。

shortlist /ˈʃɔːt.lɪst/ 表示“最终候选名单，决选名单；入围名单”，英文解释为“a list of people who have been judged the most suitable for a job or prize, made from a longer list of people originally considered, and from which one person will be chosen”举个🌰：We've drawn up (= decided) a shortlist for the job. 我们已经确定了该职位的最终候选名单。

📍美式：short list是分开的。有shortlist就有longlist，意思就是“初选名单”（A long-list for something such as a job or a prize is a large group that has been chosen from all the people who applied for the job, or all the people or things that are competing for the prize. The successful ones from this group are chosen to go on the shortlist.）

同时，两个词都可以作为动词，比如shortlist作动词，表示“把…列入入围名单”举个🌰：Candidates who are shortlisted for interview will be contacted by the end of the week. 入围参加面试的求职者将在周末以前得到通知。

The report said that Montaclair was down to the last five for the prestigious international award.

当时报道称，蒙塔克莱尔成为这一知名国际奖项的五位候选人之一。

prestigious /presˈtɪdʒ.əs/ 表示“有威望的，有声望的，有威信的”，英文解释为“A prestigious institution, job, or activity is respected and admired by people.”举个🌰：It's one of the best equipped and most prestigious schools in the country. 它是该国设备最好、最有声望的学校之一。

In December, he was reported to have won it, and in June the following year the awards ceremony took place in Paris.

12月，有报道称他赢得了该奖项；次年6月，颁奖典礼在巴黎举行。

Then later that year the story reached a new level when Montaclair welcomed the celebrated US philosopher and linguist Noam Chomsky, then aged 88, at a ceremony in Brussels and awarded him an honorary gold medal from the International Society.

同年晚些时候，这场闹剧升级了：蒙塔克莱尔在布鲁塞尔的一场仪式上接待了当时88岁的著名美国哲学家和语言学家诺姆·乔姆斯基（Noam Chomsky），并授予他国际语文学会荣誉金奖。

linguist /ˈlɪŋ.ɡwɪst/ 表示“语言学家，语言学者；通晓数国语言的人”，英文解释为“someone who studies foreign languages or can speak them very well, or someone who teaches or studies linguistics”。

Video of the ceremony can be seen online, as can the website of the society, which gives a list of laureates going back to 1967, including the Italian writer Umberto Eco.

这场仪式的视频在网上可以找到，该学会的网站也同样存在，网站上列出了自1967年以来的获奖者名单，其中包括意大利作家翁贝托·埃科（Umberto Eco）。

The amateurishness of the website should perhaps have raised questions.

这个网站制作得相当业余，或许本应让人起疑。

amateurishness /ˈæm.ə.tər.ɪʃ.nəs/ 表示“不熟练；外行”，英文解释为“a lack of skill that shows someone is not an expert at something”举个🌰：He is modest about his artistic talent and often apologizes for his amateurishness. 他对自己的艺术才能很谦虚，并经常为自己的业余行为道歉。

Meanwhile, Montaclair had further polished his CV by claiming a doctorate in French literature and grammar issued by the University of Philology and Education situated in Lewes in the US state of Delaware. No record of this university exists.

与此同时，蒙塔克莱尔还进一步粉饰了自己的简历，声称自己拥有位于美国特拉华州刘易斯的“语文学与教育大学”（University of Philology and Education）颁发的法国文学与语法博士学位。然而，这所大学根本不存在。

polish /ˈpɒl.ɪʃ/ 1）表示“擦，擦亮，磨光”，英文解释为“to rub something using a piece of cloth or brush to clean it and make it shine”如：to polish the furniture 擦家具。

2）表示“修改；润饰；润色”，英文解释为“to make changes to sth in order to improve it”举个🌰：The statement was carefully polished and checked before release.这项声明是经仔细润色检查后才发表的。

curriculum vitae的缩写，表示“简历，履历”，英文解释为“a short written description of your education, qualifications, previous jobs, and sometimes also your personal interests, that you send to an employer when you are trying to get a job”

doctorate /ˈdɒk.tər.ət/ = doctor's degree 表示“博士学位”，英文解释为“the highest degree from a university”

"The gold medal for philology is a pure creation of Mr Florent Montaclair, who awarded it to himself via the intervention of this learned society, which he himself had evidently created, and this university, which only exists on an internet site," said Lallois.

“语文学金奖完全是弗洛朗·蒙塔克莱尔先生凭空捏造的，他通过这个显然是自己创建的学会以及这所只存在于互联网上的大学，把这个奖项颁给了自己，”拉卢瓦说。

intervention /ˌɪn.təˈven.ʃən/ 表示“干涉，介入；（由家庭成员、朋友或医护人员共同开会劝导有酗酒或毒瘾问题者接受现实并开始治疗的）干预活动”，英文解释为“Intervention is the act of intervening in a situation. A meeting at which someone with a drug or alcohol problem is asked by family members, friends, or health workers to accept the fact that they have a problem and is encouraged to get treatment”

The whole affair was uncovered after Montaclair named a Romanian philologist Eugen Simion as the next recipient of the prize.

整个骗局是在蒙塔克莱尔提名罗马尼亚语文学家尤金·西米翁（Eugen Simion）为下一届获奖者后被揭穿的。

philologist 表示“语文学家”，英文解释为“a person who studies the history of languages, including their development, structure, and relationships to one another”

recipient /rɪˈsɪp.i.ənt/ 表示“接受者；领受者；承受者”，英文解释为“a person who receives something”举个🌰：He was a recipient of the Civilian Service Award. 他被授予平民服务奖章。

The story created a sensation in Romania but prompted a team of suspicious journalists there to start asking questions.

这一消息在罗马尼亚引起了轰动，但也促使当地一群心存怀疑的记者开始刨根问底。

sensation /senˈseɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“轰动；哗然；引起轰动的人（或事物）”，英文解释为“very great surprise, excitement, or interest among a lot of people; the person or the thing that causes this surprise”举个🌰：The band became a sensation overnight. 一夜之间，这支乐队名声大振。

📍此前，戳爷Troye Sivan被传已分手数月？文中出现过，pop sensation可以理解为“流行巨星”，“流行天王”。还有，63岁中国爷爷成油管网红文中标题就是Master carpenter's ancient Chinese skills are a YouTube sensation.

2）作可数名词，还可以表示“感觉；知觉”，英文解释为“a feeling that you get when sth affects your body”如：a tingling/burning sensation 刺痛/烧灼的感觉。

3）作不可数名词，可以表示“感觉能力；知觉能力”，英文解释为“the ability to feel through your sense of touch”举个🌰：She seemed to have lost all sensation in her arms. 她的两条胳膊好像完全失去知觉了。

🎬电影《困在爱中》（Stuck in Love）中的台词提到：I was overcome by the oddest sensation. 我像是被一种怪异的冲动（感觉）驱使着。

📍词根“-sens-”来自拉丁语“sensare”，表示“感觉”。近义词：phenomenon（现象），同根词：sensitive（敏感的），常用短语：cause a sensation（引起轰动）

suspicious /səˈspɪʃ.əs/ 表示“可疑的，引起怀疑的”，英文解释为“making you feel that something illegal is happening or that something is wrong”举个🌰：His behaviour was very suspicious. 他的举止非常可疑。

But even when the reality emerged in 2019, it passed unnoticed in France, where Montaclair continued his work at the university.

然而，即使在2019年真相大白时，这件事在法国也并未引起关注，蒙塔克莱尔依然在大学继续工作。

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