为什么认识越久，越觉得Ta有吸引力？

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🤔️小作业：

1. What is the primary purpose of the article?

A. To explain why physical attractiveness increases over time through brain mechanisms.

B. To argue that romantic relationships are built on subconscious survival instincts.

C. To explore multiple psychological and biological reasons for growing attraction.

D. To compare the roles of the nucleus accumbens and reciprocity in attraction.

无注释原文：

Why Are People More Attractive the Longer You Know Them?

From: Discover Magazine

It's the standard plot for so many of my favorite rom coms. An office friendship blossoms into something a little more steamy. Or would-be rivals turn lovers after a chance encounter shows their softer side. These two made-up scenarios are built around human nature because the longer we know someone, the more we tend to like them. And the more we become accustomed to someone's appearance, the more it molds to our preferences. But why? What makes people more attractive over time?

According to Ravi Thiruchselvam, a self-perception researcher at the University of Toronto, several factors could be at play. In terms of physical appearance, research has found that the more times we're shown a face, the more attractive it becomes, although attractive physical traits vary from person to person. What you think is attractive could be totally different than that of your best friend. Beauty is very personal. But when we do find someone attractive it's the result of the brain's reward circuitry, driven by the nucleus accumbens, a key structure involved in the brain's motivational and emotional responses. “The activity in the nucleus accumbens may distinguish romantic partners from unfamiliar potential mates,” he says.

But the psychology of attraction goes far beyond appearance. The reciprocity principle of social psychology, for example, says that we like people the more we think they like us. As the relationship builds, we may naturally start to reciprocate feelings for someone we know has those feelings for us, says Thiruchselvam.

And the longer you're with someone, the more other psychological factors help solidify and strengthen the relationship, “As a romantic relationship develops, partners may tend to idealize each other or exaggerate each others' positive qualities to preserve the relationship,” he says. “They may also cognitively de-value potential alternative partners (a process that could be non-conscious) to protect the relationship against temptations.”

At the same time, the more you know and like someone, the more likely you are to disclose private information which, in turn, makes you feel more connected, says Thiruchselvam.

This connection can be subconscious, and according to Timothy Yen, a psychologist with Pivot Counseling, it happens almost instantaneously. In just a few seconds, the brain is deciding whether to get closer or retreat. He says that we're trying to interpret whether a person is approachable or dangerous. “On a more primal level, we're figuring out who would make good partners or additions to our tribe, so it increases our chances of survival and reproducing. Attractive traits signal good genes and therefore a good partner to spread your genes through children,” he says.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为AI翻译，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Why Are People More Attractive the Longer You Know Them?

From: Discover Magazine

It's the standard plot for so many of my favorite rom coms. An office friendship blossoms into something a little more steamy. Or would-be rivals turn lovers after a chance encounter shows their softer side. These two made-up scenarios are built around human nature because the longer we know someone, the more we tend to like them. And the more we become accustomed to someone's appearance, the more it molds to our preferences. But why? What makes people more attractive over time?

这是我最钟爱的浪漫喜剧中屡见不鲜的桥段：办公室里的友情悄然升温，化作一段炽热的恋情；又或是宿敌在偶然邂逅中窥见彼此的柔软，最终坠入爱河。这两个虚构的情节，实则根植于人性深处——相识越久，好感越深；容颜越熟，越觉特别。然而，这究竟是为何？是什么让一个人随着时光流转，愈发迷人？

rom com /ˈrɒm kɒm/ 表示“浪漫喜剧（romantic comedy的缩写）”，英文解释为“a film or television programme about love that is intended to make you laugh”

blossom /ˈblɒs.əm/ 1）表示“（植物）开花”，英文解释为“When a tree or plant blossoms, it produces flowers before producing fruit that can be eaten.”举个🌰：The cherry tree is beginning to blossom. 樱桃树开始开花了。

2）表示“（人）变得更有魅力（或更成功、更自信）；（好的感觉或关系）深入发展，增强”，英文解释为“When people blossom, they become more attractive, successful, or confident, and when good feelings or relationships blossom, they develop and become stronger.”举个🌰：The deep friendship, which began in a lab years ago, eventually blossomed into a romantic relationship. 多年前始于实验室的深厚友谊，最终发展成了恋爱关系。

steamy /ˈstiː.mi/ 1）表示“充满蒸汽的；热而潮湿的”，英文解释为“filled with steam, or hot and wet like steam”如：steamy summer weather 闷热潮湿的夏季天气。

2）表示“色情的，情欲的、火辣的”。

would-be /ˈwʊd.bi/ 表示“想要做…的；试图成为…的；未来的”，英文解释为“wanting or trying to be”如：a would-be artist/politician 未来的艺术家/政治家

rival /ˈraɪ.vəl/ 作名词，表示“竞争对手；敌手”，英文解释为“a person, group, etc. competing with others for the same thing or in the same area”

作动词，表示“可与…相媲美，比得上”，英文解释为“to be as good, clever, beautiful, etc. as someone or something else”举个🌰：No computer can rival a human brain for/in complexity. 没有任何计算机比得上人脑复杂。

accustomed /əˈkʌs.təmd/ 表示“习惯的；适应了的”，英文解释为“familiar with something”举个🌰：She quickly became accustomed to his messy ways. 她很快就习惯了他的邋遢作风。

美式mold 英式mould 1）表示“用模子制作；塑造；使成形”，英文解释为“to make a soft substance have a particular shape”举个🌰：This plastic is going to be moulded into plates. 这些塑料将被制成盘子。

2）表示“力图改变；对…施加影响”，英文解释为“to try to change or influence someone”举个🌰：They kept trying to mould me into something they wanted me to be. 他们总是想把我变成他们希望的样子。

3）表示“紧贴身体”，英文解释为“to fit the body very closely”举个🌰：She was wearing an extremely tight costume that moulded to/round the contours of her body. 她穿着一件非常紧身的衣服，身体的线条显露无遗。

According to Ravi Thiruchselvam, a self-perception researcher at the University of Toronto, several factors could be at play. In terms of physical appearance, research has found that the more times we're shown a face, the more attractive it becomes, although attractive physical traits vary from person to person. What you think is attractive could be totally different than that of your best friend. Beauty is very personal. But when we do find someone attractive it's the result of the brain's reward circuitry, driven by the nucleus accumbens, a key structure involved in the brain's motivational and emotional responses. “The activity in the nucleus accumbens may distinguish romantic partners from unfamiliar potential mates,” he says.

多伦多大学（University of Toronto）自我感知研究员拉维·蒂鲁切尔维拉姆（Ravi Thiruchselvam）指出，这背后可能有多重因素在共同作用。就外貌而言，研究发现，一张面孔映入眼帘的次数越多，它在我们的眼中就越显迷人——尽管何为“迷人”，因人而异。你眼中的魅力，或许与挚友的审美大相径庭。美，终究是极其私人的体验。然而，当我们真正被某人吸引时，这其实是大脑奖赏回路在作祟，而驱动这一回路的，正是伏隔核（nucleus accumbens）——一个参与大脑动机与情绪反应的关键结构。他解释道：“伏隔核的活动，或许正是区分浪漫伴侣与陌生潜在对象的关键所在。”

perception /pəˈsep.ʃən/ 1）表示“认识，观念，看法”，英文解释为“a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem”举个🌰：These photographs will affect people's perceptions of war. 这些照片会影响人们对战争的看法。

2）表示“知觉；感知”，英文解释为“the way you notice things, especially with the senses”如：visual perception 视觉。

🎬电影《失落的大陆》（Land of the Lost）中的台词提到：he has terrible depth perception 他的深度感知力很差。

trait /treɪt/ 表示“（个人的）特征，特性，品质”，英文解释为“a particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behaviour”举个🌰：His sense of humour is one of his better traits. 具有幽默感是他更讨人喜欢的特点之一。

circuitry /ˈsɜː.kɪ.tri/ 表示“电路；电路系统；电路装置”，英文解释为“the circuits that an electrical or electronic device contains, considered as a single system”举个🌰：The circuitry in this fighter aircraft has been protected against strong magnetic fields. 这架战斗机的电路系统有防护装置，不会受强磁场的干扰。

此处使用的是它的比喻义，the brain's reward circuitry指的是：大脑中与“奖励机制”相关的神经回路 / 神经通路系统。

But the psychology of attraction goes far beyond appearance. The reciprocity principle of social psychology, for example, says that we like people the more we think they like us. As the relationship builds, we may naturally start to reciprocate feelings for someone we know has those feelings for us, says Thiruchselvam.

然而，吸引力的心理学远非止于皮囊。社会心理学中的互惠原则便是一例：我们越是觉得某人喜欢自己，便越是容易对其心生好感。蒂鲁切尔维拉姆指出，随着关系的深入，当我们意识到对方已对自己暗生情愫时，那份情感便会自然而然地得到回应。

reciprocity /ˌres.ɪˈprɒs.ə.ti/ 表示“互助；互惠；互换”，英文解释为“behaviour in which two people or groups of people give each other help and advantages”

reciprocate /rɪˈsɪp.rə.keɪt/ 表示“回报，报答，酬答”，英文解释为“to share the same feelings as someone else, or to behave in the same way as someone else”举个🌰：His feelings for her were finally reciprocated. 他对她的心意，终于有了回响。

And the longer you're with someone, the more other psychological factors help solidify and strengthen the relationship, “As a romantic relationship develops, partners may tend to idealize each other or exaggerate each others' positive qualities to preserve the relationship,” he says. “They may also cognitively de-value potential alternative partners (a process that could be non-conscious) to protect the relationship against temptations.”

而相处的时间越久，其他心理因素便越能巩固和深化这段关系。他说道：“随着恋情的发展，伴侣们往往会不自觉地美化对方，甚至夸大彼此的优点，以求维系这段感情。同时，他们也可能在认知上贬低其他潜在的伴侣——这一过程或许是无意识的——以此抵御外界的诱惑，守护这段关系。”

solidify /səˈlɪd.ɪ.faɪ/ 表示“（使）充实；（使）巩固；（使）稳固”，英文解释为“to become or make something become certain”举个🌰：Support for the policy is solidifying. 对这项政策的支持日益巩固。

exaggerate /ɪɡˈzædʒ.ə.reɪt/ 表示“夸张；夸大；对…言过其实”，英文解释为“to make something seem larger, more important, better, or worse than it really is”举个🌰：Don't exaggerate - it wasn't that expensive. 不要言过其实——没有那么贵。

temptation /tempˈteɪ.ʃən/ 表示“引诱；诱惑”，英文解释为“the wish to do or have something that you know you should not do or have”举个🌰：As a young actress, she resisted the temptation to move to Hollywood. 作为一名年轻的女演员，她抵制住了前往好莱坞的诱惑。

At the same time, the more you know and like someone, the more likely you are to disclose private information which, in turn, makes you feel more connected, says Thiruchselvam.

与此同时，蒂鲁切尔维拉姆补充道，你越是了解并喜欢一个人，便越倾向于向其吐露私密之事，而这种坦诚，又会反过来加深你们之间的羁绊。

disclose /dɪˈskləʊz/ 表示“公开，公布；透露，揭露”，英文解释为“to make something known publicly, or to show something that was hidden”举个🌰：The company has disclosed profits of over £200 million. 这家公司已公布其利润超过两亿英镑。

📍词根“dis-”表示“分开”，“close”意味着“关闭”，整体表示“打开关闭的东西”，即“揭露”或“透露”信息。近义词：reveal（揭示），同根词：disclosure（披露），常用短语：disclose information（透露信息）

This connection can be subconscious, and according to Timothy Yen, a psychologist with Pivot Counseling, it happens almost instantaneously. In just a few seconds, the brain is deciding whether to get closer or retreat. He says that we're trying to interpret whether a person is approachable or dangerous. “On a more primal level, we're figuring out who would make good partners or additions to our tribe, so it increases our chances of survival and reproducing. Attractive traits signal good genes and therefore a good partner to spread your genes through children,” he says.

这种联结可能是潜意识的。据Pivot Counseling的心理学家蒂莫西·颜（Timothy Yen）所言，这几乎在电光火石间便已完成。短短几秒内，大脑便已做出抉择：是靠近，还是退避。他说，我们正在解读对方是友善可亲，还是暗藏危险。“在更原始的层面上，我们是在判断谁会成为优秀的伴侣，或为我们的族群增添新成员——这能提升我们生存与繁衍的几率。富有吸引力的特质，往往意味着优良的基因，因而也意味着理想的伴侣，能通过后代将你的基因延续下去，”他解释道。

subconscious /ˌsʌbˈkɒn.ʃəs/ 表示“潜意识，下意识”，英文解释为“the part of your mind that notices and remembers information when you are not actively trying to do so, and influences your behaviour even though you do not realize it”举个🌰：The memory was buried deep within my subconscious. 那段记忆深深埋藏在我的潜意识里。

instantaneously /ˌɪn.stənˈteɪ.ni.əs.li/ 表示“瞬间地，即刻地”，英文解释为“in a way that happens immediately, without any delay”举个🌰：Participants in chat rooms respond instantaneously to each other. 聊天室中的参与者可以立即相互回应。

primal /ˈpraɪ.məl/ 1）表示“最初的，原始的”，英文解释为“relating to the time when human life on earth began”举个🌰：The universe evolved from a densely packed primal inferno. 宇宙是从原始的炽热混沌状态演变而来的。

2）表示“基本的，根本的；原始的”，英文解释为“basic and relating to an early stage of development”如：primal fears 本能的恐惧。

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