美国公布月球基地建设路线图

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🤔️小作业：

1. According to the passage, which of the following is a reason why some experts believe China may land humans on the Moon before the US?

A. Nasa's budget for the Moon base is insufficient.

B. The US has not yet developed a suitable lunar lander.

C. China has already launched a crew to its space station.

D. Nasa's timeline for the base is considered unrealistic.

无注释原文：

Nasa unveils next steps to build permanent Moon base

From: BBC

Nasa has released details of robotic landers, hopping drones and vehicles it aims to send to the Moon as part of US plans to build a lunar base.

Amazon founder Jeff Bezos's space company Blue Origin is one of several companies picked to build the machines.

The US wants to land Americans back on the Moon before President Donald Trump leaves office in 2029.

But Nasa is competing with China to return humans to the lunar surface, meaning the space agency is under pressure to appear to be winning the new space race.

China is forging ahead with its own plans to land humans on the Moon by 2030.

On Monday it launched its Shenzhou-23 spacecraft, sending a crew of astronauts to the country's Tiangong space station.

In March, Nasa announced a $20 billion programme to construct a permanent base powered by nuclear and solar energy at the Moon's south pole by 2032.

Nasa administrator Jared Isaacman said on Tuesday that the announcements mean the US will "never give up the Moon again".

A base would allow the US to carry out scientific experiments, potentially mine valuable resources, and travel to Mars more easily.

But most experts agree that Nasa's timeline is unrealistic.

Despite the US's success in sending four astronauts around the Moon in its Artemis II mission in April, some scientists believe China is likely to be the next country to land humans on the lunar surface.

"It would not surprise me at all if China gets there first," Dr Simeon Barber, Lunar Scientist at Open University, told BBC News, citing Nasa's setbacks in securing a craft that can land humans on the Moon.

Nasa's Ignition Moon Base programme has three phases.

Before humans travel there, the space agency wants to send robotic landers and hopping drones to explore and map the Moon's challenging terrain.

Delivery vehicles would also be taken that could drive astronauts over the lunar surface and carry communications and scientific instruments.

On Tuesday, Nasa said companies including Blue Origin, Intuitive Machines, and Astrobotic have been awarded the contracts to build the machines.

Nasa wants Blue Origin's lunar lander, called Endurance, to be able to carry out precise landings, as well as autonomous navigation and control.

Astrobotic's Griffin-1 lander is expected to land at Nobile Crater near the South Pole.

The machines will also deliver scientific instruments for Nasa, including high-resolution cameras and tools that use reflected laser light to help the craft land.

This robotic exploration should last until 2029, with 25 launches and 4 metric tonnes of cargo landed on the Moon, Carlos García-Galán, Moon Base programme executive said on Tuesday.

Next, Nasa wants to build nuclear and solar power facilities on the Moon, including fission reactors.

By 2032, the space agency wants humans to be able to live on the Moon in "semi-permanent" housing.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为BBC官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Nasa unveils next steps to build permanent Moon base

From: BBC

Nasa has released details of robotic landers, hopping drones and vehicles it aims to send to the Moon as part of US plans to build a lunar base.

美国太空总署（NASA）公布了一系列计划运往月球的设备细节，包括机器人着陆器、弹跳无人机（结合了飞行与地面弹跳移动能力的混合式机器人）、月球车等，这些都是美国建立月球基地计划的一部分。

hop /hɒp/ 1）表示“单脚跳”，英文解释为“to jump on one foot or to move about in this way”举个🌰：I tried to hop on my good foot while holding onto Jim. 我抓住吉姆，并用我的那只好脚努力向前跳。

2）表示“快速去（某地）；快速跳上（或跳下）（车辆）”，英文解释为“to go somewhere quickly or to get into or out of a vehicle quickly”举个🌰：I hopped on the bus at the traffic lights. 我在红绿灯处匆匆跳上公共汽车。

drone /drəʊn/ 表示“无人驾驶飞机；无人机”，英文解释为“an aircraft that does not have a pilot but is controlled by someone on the ground, used especially for dropping bombs or for surveillance (= careful watching of a place)”

Amazon founder Jeff Bezos's space company Blue Origin is one of several companies picked to build the machines.

亚马逊创办人杰夫·贝佐斯（Jeff Bezos）旗下的太空公司蓝色起源（Blue Origin），是获选参与制造这些设备的其中一间公司。

The US wants to land Americans back on the Moon before President Donald Trump leaves office in 2029.

美国希望在总统特朗普（Donald Trump，川普）2029年离任前，再次将美国人送上月球。

But Nasa is competing with China to return humans to the lunar surface, meaning the space agency is under pressure to appear to be winning the new space race.

不过，NASA正与中国开展登月竞争，这意味着该机构面临着要赢得这场新太空竞赛的压力。

China is forging ahead with its own plans to land humans on the Moon by 2030.

中国正在积极推进自己的计划，目标是在2030年前将人类送上月球。

forge /fɔːdʒ/ ahead 表示“突然进展神速；迅猛发展”，英文解释为“to suddenly make a lot of progress with something”举个🌰：The organizers are forging ahead with a programme of public events. 组织者搞的一个公共活动计划进展神速。

On Monday it launched its Shenzhou-23 spacecraft, sending a crew of astronauts to the country's Tiangong space station.

周一，中国发射“神舟二十三号”太空船，将一组航天员送往天宫空间站。

crew /kruː/ 1）作名词，表示“全体船员；全体机务人员”，英文解释为“The crew of a ship, an aircraft, or a spacecraft is the people who work on and operate it.”举个🌰：The mission for the crew of the space shuttle is essentially over. 航天飞机全体机务人员的使命基本完成。

2）作名词，表示“一组工作人员”，英文解释为“A crew is a group of people with special technical skills who work together on a task or project.”如：a two-man film crew making a documentary 一个制作纪录片的两人摄制组。

3）作动词，表示“当船员；充当…的船员；当（尤指船上的）工作人员；当空乘人员”，英文解释为“If you crew a boat, you work on it as part of the crew.”举个🌰：This neighbour crewed on a ferryboat. 这位邻居在一艘渡船上当船员。

In March, Nasa announced a $20 billion programme to construct a permanent base powered by nuclear and solar energy at the Moon's south pole by 2032.

今年3月，NASA宣布一项耗资200亿美元的计划，拟于2032年前在月球南极建立一个由核能及太阳能供电的永久基地。

Nasa administrator Jared Isaacman said on Tuesday that the announcements mean the US will "never give up the Moon again".

NASA署长贾里德·艾萨克曼（Jared Isaacman）周二（5月26日）表示，这些宣布意味着美国将“不会再放弃月球”。

administrator /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.streɪ.tər/ 表示“管理人员，行政人员”，英文解释为“someone whose job is to control the operation of a business, organization, or plan”举个🌰：She works as a school administrator. 她是学校的一名行政人员。

A base would allow the US to carry out scientific experiments, potentially mine valuable resources, and travel to Mars more easily.

建立基地将使美国能进行科学实验、开采潜在的珍贵资源，以及更容易前往火星。

But most experts agree that Nasa's timeline is unrealistic.

然而，多数专家认为，NASA的时间表显得不切实际。

Despite the US's success in sending four astronauts around the Moon in its Artemis II mission in April, some scientists believe China is likely to be the next country to land humans on the lunar surface.

尽管美国于4月成功透过阿提米丝二号（Artemis II；阿耳忒弥斯二号），将四名太空人送往月球表面，完成绕月任务，但一些科学家认为，中国可能会成为下一个将人类送上月球表面的国家。

"It would not surprise me at all if China gets there first," Dr Simeon Barber, Lunar Scientist at Open University, told BBC News, citing Nasa's setbacks in securing a craft that can land humans on the Moon.

英国开放大学（Open University）月球科学家西米恩·巴伯博士（Dr Simeon Barber）向BBC表示，鉴于NASA在取得可将人类送上月球的飞船方面遭遇挫折，“如果中国率先登月，我一点也不意外”。

secure /sɪˈkjʊər/ 1）熟词僻义，作动词，表示“获得；设法得到；争取到”，英文解释为“to get something, sometimes with difficulty”举个🌰：He was disappointed by his failure to secure the top job with the bank. 他因没能得到银行的高层工作而失望。

2）表示“使安全；保护；保卫”，英文解释为“to make certain something is protected from danger or risk”举个🌰：This form of investment is an excellent way of securing your children's financial future. 这种投资方式是为你的孩子提供日后经济保障的极佳方式。

craft /krɑːft/ 结合我们常见的aircraft/spacecraft/hovercraft等词猜测，craft可以表示“船，艇；飞行器，航空器”，英文解释为“a vehicle for travelling on water or through the air”如：naval craft 军舰，civilian craft 民用船，patrol craft 巡逻艇，rescue craft 救生艇。

🎬电影《外星人保罗》（Paul）中的台词提到：Hey, imagine if we got buzzed by a craft. 想象一下如果一艘飞船从我们头上掠过。

📍补充：hovercraft 气垫船，military aircraft 军用飞机，a manned/unmanned spacecraft 载人/无人的宇宙飞船。

此外，craft作名词还可以指“工艺，手艺；技术”，英文解释为“skill and experience, especially in relation to making objects; a job or activity that needs skill and experience, or something produced using skill and experience”如：the craft of furniture making/sewing 家具制作/缝纫工艺，political/literary craft 政治手腕/文学手法，rural/ancient/traditional crafts 乡村的/古老的/传统的手艺，craft workers (= skilled workers) 熟练工人，工匠。

craft作为动词表示“精制，（手工）制作”，举个🌰：Each doll is crafted individually by specialists. 每个布娃娃都由专业人员手工制作。

Nasa's Ignition Moon Base programme has three phases.

NASA的“点亮月球基地”（Ignition Moon Base）计划分为三个阶段。

Before humans travel there, the space agency wants to send robotic landers and hopping drones to explore and map the Moon's challenging terrain.

在派遣人类前往月球之前，该机构计划先发送机器人着陆器以及弹跳无人机，以探索并绘制月球地形。

terrain /təˈreɪn/ 表示“地形，地势；地带”，英文解释为“an area of land, when considering its natural features”举个🌰：The car handles particularly well on rough terrain. 这种汽车特别适宜在崎岖不平的地带行驶。

Delivery vehicles would also be taken that could drive astronauts over the lunar surface and carry communications and scientific instruments.

同时，NASA亦会运送可在月球表面行驶的车轮以协助太空人移动，并且配备通讯与科学仪器。

On Tuesday, Nasa said companies including Blue Origin, Intuitive Machines, and Astrobotic have been awarded the contracts to build the machines.

周二，NASA表示，包括蓝色起源、直觉机器公司（Intuitive Machines）及航天机器人（Astrobotic）在内的公司，已获得建造这些设备的合约。

Nasa wants Blue Origin's lunar lander, called Endurance, to be able to carry out precise landings, as well as autonomous navigation and control.

NASA希望蓝色起源研发的登月舱“耐力号”（Endurance），能够具有精准着陆的能力，以及自主导航和控制功能。

Astrobotic's Griffin-1 lander is expected to land at Nobile Crater near the South Pole.

航天机器人公司的“格里芬一号”（Griffin-1）登陆器，预计将会于靠近月球南极的诺毕尔环形山（Nobile Crater）降落。

crater /ˈkreɪ.tər/ 表示“火山口；（火山口似的）坑”，英文解释为“the round hole at the top of a volcano, or a hole in the ground similar to this”如：the huge crater of Vesuvius 巨大的维苏威火山口。

The machines will also deliver scientific instruments for Nasa, including high-resolution cameras and tools that use reflected laser light to help the craft land.

这些设备亦将为NASA运送科学仪器，包括高解像度相机和利用反射雷射帮助太空船着陆的工具。

high-resolution /ˌhaɪ.rez.əˈluː.ʃən/ 表示“高分辨率的”，英文解释为“used to describe something such as a screen or photograph that shows an image extremely clearly”如：high-resolution graphics 高分辨率图像。

This robotic exploration should last until 2029, with 25 launches and 4 metric tonnes of cargo landed on the Moon, Carlos García-Galán, Moon Base programme executive said on Tuesday.

月球基地计划的执行主管卡洛斯·加西亚－加兰（Carlos García-Galán）周二表示，这个阶段的机械探测任务将会持续到2029年，在这段期间，预计将会进行25次发射，并将4公吨货物运送至月球表面。

Next, Nasa wants to build nuclear and solar power facilities on the Moon, including fission reactors.

接下来，NASA计划在月球上建设核能及太阳能发电设施，包括核裂变反应堆。

fission /ˈfɪʃ.ən/ 1）表示“（核）裂变，分裂”，英文解释为“the process of dividing the nucleus of an atom, resulting in the release of a large amount of energy ”如：nuclear fission 核裂变。

2）表示“细胞分裂；裂殖”，英文解释为“the division of a living cell as part of reproduction”举个🌰：The fission of the cell could be inhibited with certain chemicals. 细胞裂殖可以靠某些化学制品加以抑制。

By 2032, the space agency wants humans to be able to live on the Moon in "semi-permanent" housing.

到了2032年，该机构希望人类能在月球上的“半永久性”设施中居住。

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