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无论几岁，快乐万岁。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What is the primary purpose of the passage?

A. To argue that official records of childhood maltreatment are more reliable than self-reports.

B. To explain how childhood maltreatment directly causes emotional disorders in adulthood.

C. To highlight that the memory of childhood maltreatment, rather than the event itself, affects adult mental health.

D. To propose a new method for treating depression and anxiety in adults with childhood trauma.

无注释原文：

Memories of childhood abuse and neglect has greater impact on mental health than the experience itself

From: King's College London

New research from the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN) at King's College London and City University New York has found that the way childhood abuse and/or neglect is remembered and processed has a greater impact on later mental health than the experience itself.

Researchers conducted a large longitudinal study following 1,196 participants to age 40 years to investigate how experiences of childhood abuse and/or neglect (maltreatment) impact the development of emotional disorders in adulthood.

The study, published in JAMA Psychiatry, found that young adults who retrospectively self-reported experiences of childhood maltreatment before age 12 had a greater number of depressive or anxiety episodes over the subsequent decade than those who did not remember maltreatment, even if they had an official court record.

In contrast, participants who had an official record of childhood maltreatment, but no retrospective recall of the experience, had a similar number of emotional disorder episodes in adulthood as those with no experience of maltreatment.

The authors suggest that, even in the absence of documented evidence, clinicians can use patients' self-reported experiences of abuse and neglect to identify those at risk of developing mental health difficulties and provide early interventions.

Participants were interviewed about their self-reported retrospective experiences of childhood maltreatment and their current and past mental health. They were then re-interviewed to measure the course of depression and anxiety symptoms.

Further analyses revealed that the association between self-reported experiences of childhood maltreatment and a greater number of subsequent anxiety and depression episodes was partly explained by participants' current and past mental health, which was reported during their first interview. The authors explain that this could be because emotional disorders can negatively bias memories, making participants' more likely to recall negative events.

Professor Danese added: “A better understanding of how memories of child maltreatment are maintained and exacerbated over time, and of how the memories affect daily functioning, could provide new insights to develop effective interventions.”

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为AI翻译，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Memories of childhood abuse and neglect has greater impact on mental health than the experience itself

From: King's College London

New research from the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN) at King's College London and City University New York has found that the way childhood abuse and/or neglect is remembered and processed has a greater impact on later mental health than the experience itself.

伦敦国王学院精神病学、心理学与神经科学研究所（IoPPN）与纽约市立大学的一项新研究发现，相较于童年受虐待和/或受忽视的经历本身，人们如何记忆和加工这些经历，对日后心理健康的影响更大。

psychiatry /saɪˈkaɪətrɪ/ 表示“精神病学”，英文解释为“Psychiatry is the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of mental illness.”

📍词根“-iatry”表示“医学”，前缀“psych-”表示“精神”。

Researchers conducted a large longitudinal study following 1,196 participants to age 40 years to investigate how experiences of childhood abuse and/or neglect (maltreatment) impact the development of emotional disorders in adulthood.

研究人员开展了一项大规模纵向研究，对1196名参与者追踪至其40岁，旨在探究童年受虐待和/或受忽视经历（即受虐经历）如何影响成年后情绪障碍的形成。

longitudinal /ˌlɒŋ.ɡɪˈtʃuː.dɪ.nəl/ 1）表示“经线的”，英文解释为“used to refer to lines or distances east or west of an imaginary line between the North Pole and the South Pole ”举个🌰：Longitudinal lines run from north to south. 经线的方向是由北至南。

2）表示“纵向研究，纵贯研究”，英文解释为“Longitudinal research is done on people or groups over a long period of time.”如：longitudinal analysis/studies 纵向分析/研究。

maltreatment /ˌmælˈtriːt.mənt/ 表示“粗暴对待；虐待”，英文解释为“the act of treating someone cruelly or violently”举个🌰：They complained about the physical and psychological maltreatment of prisoners. 他们对囚犯受到的身心虐待表示不满。

The study, published in JAMA Psychiatry, found that young adults who retrospectively self-reported experiences of childhood maltreatment before age 12 had a greater number of depressive or anxiety episodes over the subsequent decade than those who did not remember maltreatment, even if they had an official court record.

这项发表于《美国医学会杂志·精神病学》（JAMA Psychiatry）的研究发现，那些在回顾性自我报告中称12岁前曾遭受童年虐待的年轻人，在未来十年中经历的抑郁或焦虑发作次数，显著多于那些不记得受虐经历的人——即使后者拥有官方的受虐记录。

retrospectively /ˌret.rəˈspek.tɪv.li/ 表示“涉及以往地；追溯地；回顾地”，英文解释为“in a way that relates to or involves thinking about something that happened in the past”举个🌰：Retrospectively, I can see where we went wrong. 回顾过去，我知道我们哪里做错了。

在电视/电影节目中，episode /ˈep.ɪ.səʊd/ 表示“一集，一节，片断”（one of the single parts into which a story is divided, especially when it is broadcast on the television or radio），也可以指“事件；（相关的）一连串事件；一段经历”，英文解释为“a single event or group of related events”举个🌰：This latest episode in the fraud scandal has shocked a lot of people. 诈骗丑闻最新爆出的这一事件让很多人瞠目结舌。还可以指「疾病的发作，发病」，英文解释为：a finite period in which someone is affected by a specified illness.

补充：📍第几集用的是Episode，第几季则为Season. 你下载美剧时可能就会看到S01E02，就是指的第1季第2集。最后一集 finale：the last part of a piece of music or of a show, event etc （演出的）终场，最后一幕；（音乐的）终曲；（事件等的）结尾。

🎬还有，看剧时新一集开头通常会有的一个说法：previously on ...，...的前情提要，前情回顾。

subsequent /ˈsʌb.sɪ.kwənt/ 表示“随后的，接着的；后来的；之后的；接后的”，英文解释为“happening after something else”举个🌰：The book discusses his illness and subsequent resignation from politics. 书中讲述了他患病及随后隐退政坛的事。

In contrast, participants who had an official record of childhood maltreatment, but no retrospective recall of the experience, had a similar number of emotional disorder episodes in adulthood as those with no experience of maltreatment.

相比之下，那些虽有官方童年受虐记录、但自己回忆不起相关经历的人，其成年后情绪障碍的发作次数，与从未受过虐待的参与者基本持平。

The authors suggest that, even in the absence of documented evidence, clinicians can use patients' self-reported experiences of abuse and neglect to identify those at risk of developing mental health difficulties and provide early interventions.

研究作者建议，即使缺乏书面证据，临床医生也可依据患者自我报告的受虐待与忽视经历，识别出可能出现心理健康问题的高风险人群，并及早进行干预。

clinician /klɪˈnɪʃ.ən/ 表示“临床医师”，英文解释为“someone, such as a doctor, who has qualifications in an area of very skilled health work”

intervention /ˌɪn.təˈven.ʃən/ 表示“干涉，介入；（由家庭成员、朋友或医护人员共同开会劝导有酗酒或毒瘾问题者接受现实并开始治疗的）干预活动”，英文解释为“Intervention is the act of intervening in a situation. A meeting at which someone with a drug or alcohol problem is asked by family members, friends, or health workers to accept the fact that they have a problem and is encouraged to get treatment”

Participants were interviewed about their self-reported retrospective experiences of childhood maltreatment and their current and past mental health. They were then re-interviewed to measure the course of depression and anxiety symptoms.

研究人员对参与者进行了访谈，了解他们自我报告的童年受虐回顾性经历，以及当前和过去的心理健康状况。随后，又进行第二轮访谈，以评估其抑郁和焦虑症状的演变过程。

Further analyses revealed that the association between self-reported experiences of childhood maltreatment and a greater number of subsequent anxiety and depression episodes was partly explained by participants' current and past mental health, which was reported during their first interview. The authors explain that this could be because emotional disorders can negatively bias memories, making participants' more likely to recall negative events.

进一步分析显示，自我报告的童年受虐经历与随后更多焦虑、抑郁发作之间的关联，部分原因在于参与者在首次访谈中报告的当前及过往心理健康状况。作者指出，这可能是因为情绪障碍会扭曲记忆，使参与者更容易回想起负面事件。

bias /ˈbaɪ.əs/ 作名词，表示“偏见；偏心；偏向”，英文解释为“a strong feeling in favour of or against one group of people, or one side in an argument, often not based on fair judgement”举个🌰：Employers must consider all candidates impartially and without bias. 雇主必须公平而毫无成见地考虑所有求职者。

作动词，表示“使…怀有偏见”，英文解释为“to cause someone or something to have a bias”举个🌰：The judge ruled that the information should be withheld on the grounds that it would bias the jury against the accused. 法官因该材料会导致陪审团产生不利于被告的偏见而责令将其收回。

biased，形容词，表示“偏袒一方的；有偏见的；倾向性的；片面的”，英文解释为“showing an unreasonable like or dislike for a person based on personal opinions”如：biased information/sources/press reports 片面的信息/消息来源/新闻报道。

Professor Danese added: “A better understanding of how memories of child maltreatment are maintained and exacerbated over time, and of how the memories affect daily functioning, could provide new insights to develop effective interventions.”

达内塞（Danese）教授补充说：“如果能更深入地理解童年受虐记忆如何随时间推移而持续存在并不断放大，以及这些记忆如何影响日常机能，就能为开发有效的干预措施提供新的思路。

exacerbate /ɪɡˈzæsəˌbeɪt/ 表示“使恶化；使加重”，英文解释为“to make a bad situation worse”举个🌰：She didn't want to exacerbate the situation. 她不想使情况变得更糟。

🎬电影《僵尸肖恩》（Shaun of the Dead）中的台词提到：And that will exacerbate things for all of us. 那会使我们事情恶化的。

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