成长过程中，你对哪个词语的理解发生了变化？

#高考作文 全国I卷

词语是表达思想情感的载体，也是展现社会生活变化的窗口。当前，世界之变、时代之变、历史之变正以前所未有的方式展开。青年是常为新的，在你的成长过程中，你对哪一个词语的理解发生了变化？这变化有你成长的印记，对你有特殊的意义……

以上材料引发了你怎样的联想和思考？请写一篇文章。要求：选准角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不少于800字。

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. What is the primary purpose of the passage?

A. To argue that learning new words is always enjoyable.

B. To explain why the process of inferring meaning can be intrinsically rewarding.

C. To compare the effectiveness of reading and listening in vocabulary acquisition.

D. To propose that external rewards are necessary for successful learning.

无注释原文：

Finding the Meaning of a Word Can Be Its Own Reward

From: Psychology Today

You're reading a book and come across a word you don't know. You keep going, and a few lines later, it clicks. You realise what the word must mean. There's a small, satisfying moment of clarity—an "aha" moment. Our research suggests that this pleasant feeling may be part of the mechanism that makes learning work.

It would be impossible to learn all the words we know from direct instruction. Rather, one way we learn new words is through its context. We hear a new word in conversation, or encounter it in a sentence, and gradually infer its meaning. It's an everyday process, so familiar that we rarely stop to think about how we do it at all. Why persist with something uncertain, without feedback or reward? One possibility is that the act of figuring things out is, in itself, rewarding.

In recent work, we tested this idea by asking people to learn the meanings of new words from context. Some words appeared in sentences that made their meaning clear; others did not. After each attempt, participants rated how much they enjoyed the experience. A day later, we tested what they remembered. The pattern was striking. When people successfully worked out a word's meaning, they reported greater enjoyment. And crucially, that enjoyment predicted memory. Words that felt more enjoyable to learn were more likely to be remembered the next day.

Although previous studies have showed this effect for reading, we found that it wasn't limited to reading alone. The same pattern emerged when people listened to sentences, or both read and listened at the same time. In other words, the reward didn't seem to come from the format of the information, but from the moment of understanding itself. This indicates that we would experience the same effect from audiobooks, podcasts, and even conversations.

This fits with a broader idea in cognitive neuroscience: that learning and reward are tightly linked. When we experience a sense of insight, or an “aha” moment, brain systems involved in reward and memory interact. This seems to not just give us a sense of satisfaction, but also better memory.

Crucially, this kind of reward is intrinsic. It doesn't depend on praise, points, or external incentives. It arises from information gain, or the sense that something has been understood that wasn't understood before.

That has important implications for how we think about learning. We often assume that motivation must be added from the outside: through rewards, feedback, or pressure. But if learning itself can generate its own reward, then we need to ask how to create conditions in which learning feels meaningful, engaging, and worth the effort.

It also raises a more difficult question. If successful learning feels rewarding, what happens when it doesn't? Learning may feel effortful without being rewarding, which could help explain why it is sometimes avoided.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为AI翻译，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Finding the Meaning of a Word Can Be Its Own Reward

From: Psychology Today

You're reading a book and come across a word you don't know. You keep going, and a few lines later, it clicks. You realise what the word must mean. There's a small, satisfying moment of clarity—an "aha" moment. Our research suggests that this pleasant feeling may be part of the mechanism that makes learning work.

你正在读书，遇到一个不认识的词。你没有停下，而是继续往下读，几行之后，灵光一闪——你恍然大悟，明白了这个词的意思。这短暂的澄明时刻虽不起眼，却带来一种满足的喜悦，这便是所谓的“顿悟瞬间”。我们的研究表明，这种愉悦感可能是学习机制中不可或缺的一环。

如何识别自恋型人格的人文中提到，click作动词，熟词僻义，1）表示“成为朋友；受欢迎”，英文解释为“to become friendly or popular”举个🌰：She and I really clicked the first time we met. 她和我一见如故。

2）click /klɪk/ 表示“突然明白；恍然大悟”，英文解释为“to be understood, or become clear suddenly”举个🌰：Suddenly everything clicked and I realized where I'd met him. 突然一切都清楚了，我意识到自己在哪里见过他了。

今年没参加高考的，请进！文中提到，作名词，表示：尤见于非洲南部某些语言的“吸气音”（a speech sound made by pressing the tongue against the top of the mouth or the part of the mouth behind the upper front teeth, then releasing it quickly, causing air to be sucked in. Clicks are found especially in southern African languages.）

clarity /ˈklær.ə.ti/ 作名词，1）表示“清楚明了；清晰易懂”，英文解释为“the quality of being clear and easy to understand”举个🌰：There has been a call for greater clarity in this area of the law. 人们呼吁该法规的这个方面应该更加明确一些。

2）表示“（思路）清晰，清楚”，英文解释为“the ability to think clearly and not be confused”举个🌰：He has shown great clarity of mind. 可以看出他的思维极其清晰。

aha /ɑːˈhɑː/ 表示“（表示突然理解或发现某事物）啊哈，噢，嘿”，英文解释为“used when you suddenly understand or find something”举个🌰：Aha, now I see what you mean! 噢！现在我明白你什么意思了！

“aha moment”直译为“啊哈时刻”，指的是一个人突然理解、顿悟或找到问题答案的那一瞬间。它通常伴随着一种“原来如此！”或“我明白了！”的豁然开朗之感。

It would be impossible to learn all the words we know from direct instruction. Rather, one way we learn new words is through its context. We hear a new word in conversation, or encounter it in a sentence, and gradually infer its meaning. It's an everyday process, so familiar that we rarely stop to think about how we do it at all. Why persist with something uncertain, without feedback or reward? One possibility is that the act of figuring things out is, in itself, rewarding.

我们不可能通过直接教学掌握所有词汇。相反，学习新词的一个重要途径是借助上下文：在对话中听到一个新词，或在句子中遇到它，然后慢慢推测出它的含义。这是一个再普通不过的过程，熟悉到我们几乎不会去思考自己是如何完成的。那么，为什么我们会在没有反馈或奖励的情况下，坚持去理解一个不确定的东西呢？一种可能是，弄明白事情的过程本身就是一种奖赏。

persist /pəˈsɪst/ 1）表示“继续存在（发生）；持续；存留”，英文解释为“If something bad persists, it continues to exist or happen”举个🌰：If the pain persists, you must see a doctor. 如果一直痛，你就必须去看医生了。

2）表示“坚持；执意”，英文解释为“to continue to do something, although this is difficult, or other people oppose it”举个🌰：‘I don't think it's right,’ He persisted. “我认为那不对。”他坚持说道。

In recent work, we tested this idea by asking people to learn the meanings of new words from context. Some words appeared in sentences that made their meaning clear; others did not. After each attempt, participants rated how much they enjoyed the experience. A day later, we tested what they remembered. The pattern was striking. When people successfully worked out a word's meaning, they reported greater enjoyment. And crucially, that enjoyment predicted memory. Words that felt more enjoyable to learn were more likely to be remembered the next day.

在近期的研究中，我们请参与者通过上下文来学习新词的含义。有些词出现在意思明确的句子中，有些则不然。每尝试一次，参与者就评价自己有多享受这个过程。一天后，我们测试了他们的记忆情况。结果非常显著：当人们成功猜出词义时，他们报告的愉悦感更强。更重要的是，这种愉悦感能预测记忆效果——那些学起来更愉快的词，第二天更有可能被记住。

striking /ˈstraɪ.kɪŋ/ 1）表示“异乎寻常的，惊人的；引人注目的；显著的；不同寻常的”，英文解释为“Something that is striking is very noticeable or unusual.”举个🌰：The most striking feature of those statistics is the high proportion of suicides. 那些统计数据最显著的特征是高自杀率。

2）表示“俊秀的；妩媚动人的；很有魅力的”，英文解释为“Someone who is striking is very attractive, in a noticeable way.”举个🌰：She was a striking woman with long blonde hair. 她曾是一个留着金色长发的俊秀女子。

Although previous studies have showed this effect for reading, we found that it wasn't limited to reading alone. The same pattern emerged when people listened to sentences, or both read and listened at the same time. In other words, the reward didn't seem to come from the format of the information, but from the moment of understanding itself. This indicates that we would experience the same effect from audiobooks, podcasts, and even conversations.

虽然此前的研究已表明阅读中存在这种效应，但我们发现它并不限于阅读。当人们听句子，或者边听边读时，也出现了同样的模式。换句话说，这种奖励感并非来自信息的呈现形式，而是来自理解发生的那一刻。这意味着，我们在听有声书、播客，甚至日常对话时，也会体验到同样的效果。

indicate /ˈɪn.dɪ.keɪt/ 表示“标示；表明；显示；暗示”，英文解释为“to show, point, or make clear in another way”举个🌰：Exploratory investigations have indicated large amounts of oil below the sea bed. 勘测调查表明海床下有大量的石油。

This fits with a broader idea in cognitive neuroscience: that learning and reward are tightly linked. When we experience a sense of insight, or an “aha” moment, brain systems involved in reward and memory interact. This seems to not just give us a sense of satisfaction, but also better memory.

这与认知神经科学中的一个广泛观点不谋而合：学习与奖赏紧密相连。当我们体验到顿悟时刻时，大脑中负责奖赏和记忆的系统会相互协作。这似乎不仅让我们感到满足，还能增强记忆。

cognitive /ˈkɒɡ.nə.tɪv/ 表示“认知的；感知的；认识的”，英文解释为“Cognitive means relating to the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things.”举个🌰：As children grow older, their cognitive processes become sharper. 随着孩子们长大，他们的认知过程也变得越来越敏锐了。

neuroscience /ˈnjʊərəʊˌsaɪəns/ 表示“神经系统科学（对神经系统的解剖学、生理学、生物化学和药理学的研究）”，英文解释为“the study of the anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology of the nervous system”

Crucially, this kind of reward is intrinsic. It doesn't depend on praise, points, or external incentives. It arises from information gain, or the sense that something has been understood that wasn't understood before.

关键在于，这种奖赏是内在的。它不依赖于表扬、分数或外部激励，而是源于信息的获取，或者说，源于那种“以前不懂的东西现在懂了”的感觉。

intrinsic /ɪnˈtrɪn.zɪk/ 表示“内在的；本质的”，英文解释为“If something has intrinsic value or intrinsic interest, it is valuable or interesting because of its basic nature or character, and not because of its connection with other things.”举个🌰：Diamonds have little intrinsic value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity. 钻石没有多少内在价值，它们的价格几乎完全取决于其稀有程度。

incentive /ɪnˈsen.tɪv/表示“激励；刺激；鼓励”，英文解释为“something that encourages you to do sth”举个🌰：There is no incentive for people to save fuel. 没有使人们节约燃料的鼓励办法。

That has important implications for how we think about learning. We often assume that motivation must be added from the outside: through rewards, feedback, or pressure. But if learning itself can generate its own reward, then we need to ask how to create conditions in which learning feels meaningful, engaging, and worth the effort.

这对我们理解学习的方式有着重要启示。我们常常认为，动机必须从外部注入：通过奖励、反馈或压力。但如果学习本身就能产生内在奖赏，那么我们就需要思考：如何创造条件，让学习变得有意义、有吸引力、值得投入？

implication /ˌɪm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“可能的影响（或作用、结果）”，英文解释为“a possible effect or result of an action or a decision”举个🌰：The development of the site will have implications for the surrounding countryside. 这个地点的开发将会影响周围的乡村。

2）表示“含意；暗指，暗示”，英文解释为“an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly”举个🌰：From what she said, the implication was that they were splitting up. 她的话中暗示他们将要分手。

It also raises a more difficult question. If successful learning feels rewarding, what happens when it doesn't? Learning may feel effortful without being rewarding, which could help explain why it is sometimes avoided.

这引出了一个更棘手的问题：如果成功的学习能带来奖赏，那么当学习未能产生这种体验时，又会发生什么？学习可能只是费力却缺乏回报，这或许有助于解释为什么人们有时会逃避学习。

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