美国伊朗达成停火协议

今天你练听力了吗？

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the article, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a remaining challenge?

A. The future of Iran's nuclear program.

B. The lifting of U.S. sanctions on Iran.

C. The exact number of casualties in the war.

D. The situation in Lebanon involving Hezbollah and Israel.

无注释原文：

U.S. and Iran Reach Framework for Peace

From: The New York Times

The United States and Iran reached a cease-fire agreement on Sunday, President Trump said, paving the way for further talks that could ultimately end a monthslong war that has killed thousands and rattled the global economy.

“The Deal with the Islamic Republic of Iran is now complete. Congratulations to all!” he said in a post on social media.

Iran's deputy foreign minister, Kazem Gharibabadi, said that Iran and the United States planned to formally sign the agreement on Friday in Geneva, confirming a timeline laid out by Pakistan, a mediator in talks.

Mr. Trump said that the deal would reopen the Strait of Hormuz, the economically vital waterway, and that he had authorized “the immediate removal of the United States Naval blockade” on Iranian ports.

“Ships of the World, start your engines,” he wrote. “Let the oil flow!”

The text of the agreement was not immediately released. But Mr. Trump's post aligned with what American and Iranian officials had previously said an initial agreement might contain. The deal would include a 60-day cease-fire, the officials said.

Each side sought to portray the agreement as a diplomatic victory after nearly four months of war. But some of the thorniest issues — including the fate of Iran's nuclear program, and sanctions relief for Tehran — remain unresolved and have been pushed to a further round of negotiations.

The prime minister of Pakistan, Shehbaz Sharif, said on social media that an “official signing ceremony will take place on Friday, June 19, in Switzerland.”

An agreement appeared at risk earlier in the day after Israel bombed the southern suburbs of Beirut in retaliation for rocket fire from Hezbollah, the Iranian-backed Lebanese militant group. An angry Mr. Trump said Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel had shown “no judgment” in ordering those strikes.“We are very close to a Deal that will bring peace to the region, including to Lebanon, and all sides should stand down,” Mr. Trump wrote on social media.

A last-minute flurry of negotiations, led by Qatar, eased the tensions, and the final agreement appeared to come together late in the night Sunday in Tehran.

But there remain lingering questions.

One concerns the fate of Iran's nuclear program, over which neither country has shown much willingness to compromise. Officials previously said both sides would hold detailed negotiations over the program, as well as over the lifting of U.S. sanctions on Iran, during the 60-day cease-fire.

Lebanon may prove to be another stumbling block. Iran wanted any broader peace settlement to require Israel to end its attacks on what is says are Hezbollah targets, which have killed more than 3,500 people. Iran also wants the Israeli military to withdraw from Lebanese territory.

Israel, which was not directly involved in the U.S.-Iranian negotiations, has said it will continue to attack if Hezbollah strikes its territory.

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

U.S. and Iran Reach Framework for Peace

From: The New York Times

The United States and Iran reached a cease-fire agreement on Sunday, President Trump said, paving the way for further talks that could ultimately end a monthslong war that has killed thousands and rattled the global economy.

美国总统特朗普表示，美国与伊朗于周日达成停火协议，为进一步的谈判铺平了道路，有望最终结束这场持续数月、已造成数千人死亡并扰乱全球经济的战争。

cease-fire表示“停火”，cease表示“停止，中止”，英文解释为“to stop something”举个🌰：The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year. 公司决定从明年开始停止一切在英国的业务活动。

表示“（为…）铺平道路，（为…）创造条件”，英文解释为“If something paves the way for/to something else, it makes the other thing possible.”举个🌰：Scientists hope that data from the probe will pave the way for a more detailed exploration of Mars. 科学家们希望探测飞船发回的数据会为更深入地探索火星提供条件。

rattle /ˈrætəl/ 1）表示“使慌乱，使紧张”，英文解释为“to make someone lose confidence or become nervous (informal)”举个🌰：His mocking smile rattled her more than his anger. 他那种嘲讽的微笑比他的愤怒更让她慌乱。

2）表示“（使）发出咔嗒咔嗒的声音”，英文解释为“to make a series of short loud sounds when hitting against sth hard; to make sth do this”举个🌰：Every time a bus went past, the windows rattled. 每逢公共汽车经过这里，窗户都格格作响。

“The Deal with the Islamic Republic of Iran is now complete. Congratulations to all!” he said in a post on social media.

他在社交媒体上发贴称：“与伊朗伊斯兰共和国的协议现已完成。祝贺大家！”

Iran's deputy foreign minister, Kazem Gharibabadi, said that Iran and the United States planned to formally sign the agreement on Friday in Geneva, confirming a timeline laid out by Pakistan, a mediator in talks.

伊朗副外长卡扎姆·加里巴巴迪表示，伊美两国计划周五在日内瓦正式签署协议，证实了谈判调解方之一的巴基斯坦此前公布的时间表。

mediator /ˈmiː.di.eɪ.tər/ 表示“调解员，中间人”，英文解释为“a person whose job is to mediate in a disagreement (= talk to the people or groups involved to help them find a solution)”举个🌰：The governor appointed a mediator and asked both sides to return to the bargaining table. 州长任命了一名调解员，并要求双方回到谈判桌上。

Mr. Trump said that the deal would reopen the Strait of Hormuz, the economically vital waterway, and that he had authorized “the immediate removal of the United States Naval blockade” on Iranian ports.

特朗普表示，该协议将重新开放具有重要经济意义的水道霍尔木兹海峡，并且他已授权“立即解除美国海军封锁”。

英式 authorise 美式 authorize /ˈɔː.θər.aɪz/ 表示“批准，准许；授权，委托”，英文解释为“to give official permission for something to happen, or to give someone official permission to do something”举个🌰：Who authorized this expenditure? 这项支出是谁批准的？

naval /ˈneɪ.vəl/ 表示“海军的；军舰的”，英文解释为“belonging to a country's navy, or relating to military ships”如：a naval officer 海军军官。

blockade /blɒkˈeɪd/ 表示“封锁”，英文解释为“the situation in which a country or place is surrounded by soldiers or ships to stop people or goods from going in or out”如：an air and sea blockade 空中及海上封锁。

“Ships of the World, start your engines,” he wrote. “Let the oil flow!”

“世界各国的船只，启动引擎，”他写道。“让石油流动起来！”

The text of the agreement was not immediately released. But Mr. Trump's post aligned with what American and Iranian officials had previously said an initial agreement might contain. The deal would include a 60-day cease-fire, the officials said.

协议内容尚未公布，但特朗普的社交媒体帖子与此前美伊官员透露的初步协议内容基本一致。他们此前曾表示，协议将包括为期60天的停火。

align /əˈlaɪn/ 1）表示“排整齐；校准；（尤指）使成一条直线”，英文解释为“to arrange sth in the correct position, or to be in the correct position, in relation to sth else, especially in a straight line”举个🌰：Make sure the shelf is aligned with the top of the cupboard. 务必使搁架与橱柜顶端对齐。

2）表示“一致”，英文解释为“to change sth slightly so that it is in the correct relationship to sth else”举个🌰：Prices have been aligned with those in world markets. 价格已调整到与世界市场一致。

Each side sought to portray the agreement as a diplomatic victory after nearly four months of war. But some of the thorniest issues — including the fate of Iran's nuclear program, and sanctions relief for Tehran — remain unresolved and have been pushed to a further round of negotiations.

在持续近四个月的战争之后，双方都试图将协议描绘成一次外交胜利。但一些最棘手的问题——包括伊朗核计划的未来，以及美国对德黑兰的制裁解除问题——仍未得到解决，已被推至下一轮谈判解决。

portray /pɔːˈtreɪ/ 1）表示“描绘，描述，描写”，英文解释为“to represent or describe someone or something in a painting, film, book, or other artistic work”举个🌰：The painting portrays a beautiful young woman in a blue dress. 这幅画描绘的是一位身穿蓝色连衣裙的美丽少女。

2）表示“扮演（某角色）”，英文解释为“to act a particular role in a film/movie or play”举个🌰：Her father will be portrayed by Sean. 肖恩将饰演她的父亲。

thorny /ˈθɔː.ni/ 表示“棘手的，麻烦的”，英文解释为“A thorny problem or subject is difficult to deal with.”如：the thorny issue of taxation 棘手的税收问题。

sanction /ˈsæŋk.ʃən/ 1）常见含义表示“制裁”，英文解释为“an official order, such as the stopping of trade, that is taken against a country in order to make it obey international law”举个🌰：Many nations have imposed sanctions on the country. 许多国家都对其进行制裁。

2）表示“（为维护法律或规定而采取的）强硬措施;（对违反法律或规定者进行的）惩罚，处罚”，英文解释为“a strong action taken in order to make people obey a law or rule, or a punishment given when they do not obey”举个🌰：Without realistic sanctions, some teachers have difficulty keeping order in the classroom. 没有切实可行的处罚措施，有些教师难以维持课堂秩序。

3）可以作动词也可以作名词，表示“批准；认可”，英文解释为“If someone in authority sanctions an action or practice, they officially approve of it and allow it to be done.”如：sanction the use of force 批准使用武力。

The prime minister of Pakistan, Shehbaz Sharif, said on social media that an “official signing ceremony will take place on Friday, June 19, in Switzerland.”

巴基斯坦总理夏巴兹·谢里夫在社交媒体上表示，“正式签字仪式将于6月19日星期五在瑞士举行。”

An agreement appeared at risk earlier in the day after Israel bombed the southern suburbs of Beirut in retaliation for rocket fire from Hezbollah, the Iranian-backed Lebanese militant group. An angry Mr. Trump said Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel had shown “no judgment” in ordering those strikes.“We are very close to a Deal that will bring peace to the region, including to Lebanon, and all sides should stand down,” Mr. Trump wrote on social media.

当天早些时候，由于以色列为报复伊朗支持的黎巴嫩激进组织真主党的火箭弹袭击而轰炸了贝鲁特南郊，协议一度面临夭折风险。愤怒的特朗普表示，以色列总理内塔尼亚胡下令进行这些袭击“毫无判断力”。特朗普在社交媒体上写道：“我们非常接近一项能为该地区带来和平的协议，包括黎巴嫩在内，各方都应保持克制。”

retaliation /rɪˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“报复；反击”，英文解释为“the act of hurting someone or doing something harmful to someone because they have done or said something harmful to you”

A last-minute flurry of negotiations, led by Qatar, eased the tensions, and the final agreement appeared to come together late in the night Sunday in Tehran.

此后，卡塔尔主导的最后一轮密集谈判缓和了紧张局势，最终协议似乎在周日深夜于德黑兰正式敲定。

flurry /ˈflʌr.i/ 1）表示“一阵忙乱（或激动、关注）”，英文解释为“a sudden, short period of activity, excitement, or interest”举个🌰：The prince's words on marriage have prompted a flurry of speculation in the press this week. 本周王子就结婚问题所说的话引起新闻界一片猜测。

2）表示“小阵雪（或雨等）”，英文解释为“a small amount of snow, rain, etc. that falls for a short time and then stops”如：snow flurries 小雪阵阵，flurries of snow 阵阵小雪。

📍这个词来源于“flurr”，意味着“轻微的风”或“突然的小雪”，用来形容“一阵繁忙”或“一阵风雪”。想象新项目宣布后引发了一阵忙碌。联想宫殿：在宫殿的一个房间，你看到人们在新项目宣布后忙碌起来，就像“一阵风雪”般突然。近义词：burst（爆发），常用短语：in a flurry（匆忙地）

But there remain lingering questions.

但仍有一些问题悬而未决。

lingering /ˈlɪŋ.ɡər.ɪŋ/ 表示“持续的，长时间的；拖延的；缠绵的；缓慢消失的；迟迟不去的”，英文解释为“slow to end or disappear ”如：a last lingering look 依依不舍的最后一瞥。举个🌰：She says she stopped seeing him, but I still have lingering doubts. 她说她已经不再和他见面了，但我依然心存疑虑。

linger 作动词，1）表示“（想法、感觉、疾病）继续存留”，英文解释为“When something such as an idea, feeling, or illness lingers, it continues to exist for a long time, often much longer than expected.”举个🌰：The scent of her perfume lingered on in the room. 她的香水味在房间里久久不散。

2）表示“继续逗留”，英文解释为“If you linger somewhere, you stay there for a longer time than is necessary, for example, because you are enjoying yourself.”举个🌰：Customers are welcome to linger over coffee until around midnight. 顾客们可以慢慢品味咖啡到午夜。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述疫情下的生活成本的文章中提到：For as long as fears of viral contagion linger, many businesses could struggle to attract new custom, 只要对病毒蔓延的恐惧未消，许多企业可能很难吸引到新客户。

One concerns the fate of Iran's nuclear program, over which neither country has shown much willingness to compromise. Officials previously said both sides would hold detailed negotiations over the program, as well as over the lifting of U.S. sanctions on Iran, during the 60-day cease-fire.

其中一个关键问题是伊朗核计划的命运。在这一问题上，两国都没有表现出太多妥协意愿。官员们此前表示，双方将在60天的停火期内就该计划以及解除美国对伊朗制裁展开详细谈判。

compromise /ˈkɒm.prə.maɪz/ 1）表示“妥协；折中；让步；和解”，英文解释为“an agreement in an argument in which the people involved reduce their demands or change their opinion in order to agree”举个🌰：Let's compromise at/on ¥10. 我们就来个折中价10元。

2）表示“损害，伤害，危及”，英文解释为“to risk having a harmful effect on something”举个🌰：We would never compromise the safety of our passengers. 我们永远不会做有损乘客安全的事。

3）表示“放弃；背离，违背；降低”，英文解释为“to allow your principles to be less strong or your standards or morals to be lower”举个🌰：Don't compromise your beliefs/principles for the sake of being accepted. 不要为了得到别人的认同就放弃了你自己的信仰/原则。

区分：

📍comprise表示“包含；由…组成”，英文解释为“If you say that something comprises or is comprised of a number of things or people, you mean it has them as its parts or members.”举个🌰：The class is comprised mainly of Chinese and Japanese students. 这个班主要由中国和日本学生组成。

🎬电影《拉瑞·克劳》（Larry Crowne）中的台词提到：They comprise 20% of the world's fresh surface water supply. 它们提供了地球表面百分之二十的淡水。

Lebanon may prove to be another stumbling block. Iran wanted any broader peace settlement to require Israel to end its attacks on what is says are Hezbollah targets, which have killed more than 3,500 people. Iran also wants the Israeli military to withdraw from Lebanese territory.

黎巴嫩可能成为另一个绊脚石。伊朗希望任何一份更为全面的和平协议都应该包括色列停止打击其所称的真主党目标。这些袭击已经造成3500多人死亡。同时，伊朗还要求以色列军队撤出黎巴嫩领土。

stumbling block /ˈstʌm.bəl.ɪŋ ˌblɒk/ 表示“障碍物；绊脚石”，英文解释为“something that prevents action or agreement”举个🌰：Lack of willingness to compromise on both sides is the main/major stumbling block to reaching a settlement. 双方都不愿妥协是问题无法解决的主要症结。

territory /ˈter.ɪ.tər.i/ 表示“领土；领域；领地；活动范围”，英文解释为“(an area of) land, or sometimes sea, that is considered as belonging to or connected with a particular country or person”举个🌰：He was shot down in enemy territory. 他在敌方领土上被击落。

📍《消失的她》你觉得怎么样？文中也出现了这个词：Chinese mystery drama “Lost in the Stars” was the top-grossing film on the planet over the latest weekend – despite playing only a single territory. 尽管只在一个地区上映，中国悬疑电影《消失的她》（Lost in the Stars）上周末仍成为全球票房收入最高的电影。其中，playing only a single territory表示这部电影仅在一个特定的地区或市场上映，而没有在其他地方上映。这是一种特殊的用法，可能在标准的英语语法中看起来有些不寻常，但在电影行业的上下文中是常见的。在这个上下文中，说一部电影plays a territory就是说该电影在某个地区被上映或展示。当然，你也可以使用介词，比如说playing in a single territory，这样的表达方式也是正确的，意思完全相同。但在电影行业的行话或者新闻报道中，常常会省略介词，因为这样的说法更简洁。

Israel, which was not directly involved in the U.S.-Iranian negotiations, has said it will continue to attack if Hezbollah strikes its territory.

未直接参与美伊谈判的以色列则表示，一旦真主党再度袭击以色列领土，它将继续采取军事行动。

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