世界杯，你看了吗？
LearnAndRecord约 11 分钟观看体育赛事为何让人快乐？
🤔️小作业：
1. What can be inferred from the comparison between the 2023 study and the 2020 study mentioned in the article?
A. Watching sports on TV is more effective at reducing loneliness than attending live events.
B. Attending live events provides a unique social benefit that TV watching does not.
C. Both studies found that watching sports improves life satisfaction equally.
D. The 2020 study focused solely on professional sports events.
无注释原文：
Why Watching Sports Makes People Happy
From: TIME
Some years ago, Helen Keyes was pushing her way through a World Cup crowd with her soccer-loving brother and father. “What is it about this sport or this event that you like?” she remembers asking them. “Is it the sport itself? Is it being around the other people? The sense of togetherness?” They were stumped, and replied that they’d never thought about it. “I thought, I'd really like to think about it,” remembers Keyes, who is a cognitive psychologist at Anglia Ruskin University in England.
Keyes is one of many psychologists who view the World Cup, which is held every four years, as part of the quest to answer this question: What do people get out of watching sports? And the important follow-up: Does being a sports fan come with any benefits for health?
Research by Keyes and others has revealed that watching sports of all kinds, both in-person and on a screen, can have positive impacts on well-being. And even when your team loses—as they are practically guaranteed to do at some point—fans still get something out of the social act of following a team.
Is going to a sports game good for you?
Using data from a survey of more than 7,000 people in the U.K., Keyes and her colleagues set out in 2023 to see whether attending a live sporting event in the last year changed people’s self-reported anxiety, loneliness, and sense that life was worth living, among other measures. They also looked at links between these factors and demographic data, such as whether people were employed, their health status, and their gender. The games didn’t have to be high-priced events with professional players; local matches between amateurs counted, too.
What they found was that attending a live match significantly boosted some measures of well-being. “Attending a live sporting event was associated with a greater sense that your life is worthwhile,” Keyes says. Life satisfaction went up, and loneliness diminished. They found that attending a live event had an even greater impact on people’s sense that life was worth living than whether they had a job or not.
A 2020 study by another group found that watching sports on TV also positively affected life satisfaction and well-being, but it did not reduce loneliness the way being there in person does, says Keyes.
This suggests that getting people to attend sports events might be a good way for governments to help improve mental well being, Keyes speculated. (Other methods her research has explored include supporting crafters and encouraging volunteering.) “We are trying to find what's the best benefit we could get to improve public health and well-being in a way that's enjoyable for people,” she says.
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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为AI翻译，仅供参考
含注释全文：
Why Watching Sports Makes People Happy
From: TIME
Some years ago, Helen Keyes was pushing her way through a World Cup crowd with her soccer-loving brother and father. “What is it about this sport or this event that you like?” she remembers asking them. “Is it the sport itself? Is it being around the other people? The sense of togetherness?” They were stumped, and replied that they'd never thought about it. “I thought, I'd really like to think about it,” remembers Keyes, who is a cognitive psychologist at Anglia Ruskin University in England.
数年前，海伦·凯斯（Helen Keyes）与酷爱足球的兄长和父亲一道，在世界杯的汹涌人潮中奋力穿行。她忆起曾问他们：“你们究竟喜欢这项运动或这场盛事的哪一点？是运动本身？是置身人群的氛围？还是那份团结一心的感觉？”二人一时语塞，坦言从未深思。凯斯回忆道：“我当时便想，我真的很想探究一番。”她是英国安格利亚鲁斯金大学（Anglia Ruskin University）的认知心理学家。
stumped
be stumped表示“语塞；被难住，被难倒”，英文解释为“to be unable to answer a question or solve a problem because it is too difficult”举个🌰：I'm completely stumped - how did she manage to escape? 我百思不得其解——她是如何逃脱的？
cognitive
cognitive /ˈkɒɡ.nə.tɪv/ 表示“认知的；感知的；认识的”，英文解释为“Cognitive means relating to the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things.”举个🌰：As children grow older, their cognitive processes become sharper. 随着孩子们长大，他们的认知过程也变得越来越敏锐了。
Keyes is one of many psychologists who view the World Cup, which is held every four years, as part of the quest to answer this question: What do people get out of watching sports? And the important follow-up: Does being a sports fan come with any benefits for health?
凯斯是众多心理学家中的一员，他们将四年一度的世界杯视为探索的契机，试图回答这样一个问题：人们从观看体育比赛中究竟获得了什么？而一个同样重要的后续问题是：成为体育迷，是否对健康有所裨益？
follow-up
follow-up 表示“后续（行动）”，英文解释为“a further action connected with something that happened before”举个🌰：This meeting is a follow-up to the one we had last month. 这次会是我们上个月开的那次会的后续会议。
Research by Keyes and others has revealed that watching sports of all kinds, both in-person and on a screen, can have positive impacts on well-being. And even when your team loses—as they are practically guaranteed to do at some point—fans still get something out of the social act of following a team.
凯斯等人的研究表明，无论是亲临现场还是隔着屏幕，观看各类体育赛事都能为幸福感带来积极影响。即便你支持的球队落败——这在某个时刻几乎是不可避免的——球迷们依然能从支持某支球队的社交行为中，获得某种慰藉与收获。
reveal
reveal /rɪˈviːl/ 1）表示“揭露；泄露；透露”，英文解释为“to make known or show something that is surprising or that was previously secret”举个🌰：He was jailed for revealing secrets to the Russians. 他因为向俄国人泄密而被监禁。
2）表示“使显露；展现；显示”，英文解释为“to allow something to be seen that, until then, had been hidden”举个🌰：A gap in the clouds revealed the Atlantic far below. 从云缝中可以看到远在下方的大西洋。
Is going to a sports game good for you? 亲临现场观看体育比赛，对你有益吗？
Using data from a survey of more than 7,000 people in the U.K., Keyes and her colleagues set out in 2023 to see whether attending a live sporting event in the last year changed people's self-reported anxiety, loneliness, and sense that life was worth living, among other measures. They also looked at links between these factors and demographic data, such as whether people were employed, their health status, and their gender. The games didn't have to be high-priced events with professional players; local matches between amateurs counted, too.
2023年，凯斯与同事利用一项涵盖英国7000多人的调查数据，着手探究过去一年中现场观看体育赛事是否改变了人们自我报告的焦虑、孤独感以及生活价值感等指标。他们还分析了这些因素与人口统计数据（如就业状况、健康状况和性别）之间的关联。比赛不一定是职业球员参与的高价赛事；业余选手之间的本地比赛同样被纳入考量。
demographic
demographic /ˌdem.əˈɡræf.ɪk/ 1）作形容词，表示“人口的；人口统计的；人口学的”，英文解释为“relating to demography (= the study of populations and the different groups that make them up)”举个🌰：There have been monumental social and demographic changes in the country. 该国的社会和人口状况已经发生了巨大的变化。
2）作名词，表示“（顾客）族群”，英文解释为“a group of people, for example customers, who are similar in age, social class, etc.”举个🌰：This demographic (young teenagers) is the fastest-growing age group using the site. 该族群（十几岁的年轻人）是使用这个网站人数增长最快的年龄群体。
📍demographics /ˌdem.əˈɡræf.ɪks/ 表示“人口统计数据，人口统计结果”，英文解释为“the number and characteristics of people who live in a particular area or form a particular group, especially in relation to their age, how much money they have and what they spend it on”举个🌰：The demographics of the country have changed dramatically in recent years. 近年来该国的人口统计数据发生了巨大的变化。
amateur
amateur /ˈæm.ə.tər/ 作形容词，表示“业余爱好的，非职业的”，英文解释为“taking part in an activity for pleasure, not as a job”如：an amateur astronomer/boxer/historian 业余天文学爱好者/拳击手/历史学爱好者。
作名词，表示“业余爱好者；业余运动员”，英文解释为“a person who takes part in an activity for pleasure, not as a job”举个🌰：This tennis tournament is open to both amateurs and professionals. 这次网球锦标赛业余运动员和职业运动员都可以参加。
What they found was that attending a live match significantly boosted some measures of well-being. “Attending a live sporting event was associated with a greater sense that your life is worthwhile,” Keyes says. Life satisfaction went up, and loneliness diminished. They found that attending a live event had an even greater impact on people's sense that life was worth living than whether they had a job or not.
他们发现，亲临现场观看比赛显著提升了幸福感的某些指标。凯斯说：“现场观看体育赛事，与人们更强烈地感受到‘人生是值得的’息息相关。”生活满意度随之提升，孤独感也随之消散。他们发现，现场观看比赛活动对人们生活价值感的影响，甚至超过了是否有工作这一因素。
boost
boost /buːst/ 可以作名词也可以作动词，表示“改善；提高；增强；推动”，英文解释为“to improve or increase something”举个🌰：The theatre managed to boost its audiences by cutting ticket prices. 剧院设法通过降低票价来增加观众数量。
📍“佩洛西有病还是先治病吧”文中提到be boosted，get boosted用来指打了加强针（疫苗），也有说booster shot/booster dose.
diminish
1）表示“减少；（使）减弱，缩减；降低”，英文解释为“to become or to make sth become smaller, weaker, etc.”举个🌰：His influence has diminished with time. 随着时间的推移，他的影响已不如从前了。
2）表示“贬低；贬损；轻视”，英文解释为“to make sb/sth seem less important than they really are”举个🌰：I don't wish to diminish the importance of their contribution. 我并不想贬低他们所作贡献的重要性。
A 2020 study by another group found that watching sports on TV also positively affected life satisfaction and well-being, but it did not reduce loneliness the way being there in person does, says Keyes.
凯斯指出，另一个团队在2020年的一项研究发现，通过电视观看体育比赛同样能对生活满意度和幸福感产生积极影响，但它在缓解孤独感方面，却无法与亲临现场的效果相提并论。
This suggests that getting people to attend sports events might be a good way for governments to help improve mental well being, Keyes speculated. (Other methods her research has explored include supporting crafters and encouraging volunteering.) “We are trying to find what's the best benefit we could get to improve public health and well-being in a way that's enjoyable for people,” she says.
凯斯推测，这表明鼓励民众现场观看体育赛事，或许是政府改善心理健康的一条有效途径。（她的研究还探索了其他方法，例如支持手工艺者和鼓励志愿服务。）她说：“我们正试图找到最佳方式，以一种令人愉悦的途径，来改善公共健康和福祉。”
speculate
speculate /ˈspek.jə.leɪt/ 表示“推测；猜测；推断”，英文解释为“to form an opinion about sth without knowing all the details or facts”举个🌰：We all speculated about the reasons for her resignation. 我们大家都推测过她辞职的原因。
📺美剧《24小时》（24 Hours）中的台词提到：I wouldn't want to speculate at this time, 这次我不想妄加揣测。
crafter
crafter /ˈkrɑːf.tər/ 1）表示“手工艺制作爱好者，手工爱好者”，英文解释为“someone who makes decorative objects with their hands, especially as a hobby”举个🌰：She is a keen crafter who enjoys making jewellery and fabric bags. 她酷爱手工技艺，尤其喜欢制作串了珠宝的布艺包袋。
2）表示“（如小说等的）创作者”，英文解释为“someone who skilfully creates something such as a story”举个🌰：As an expert crafter of fiction, she has good advice for young writers. 作为小说创作的专家，她对年轻作家有很好的建议。
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